tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-52552988415928426332024-03-18T20:32:27.519-07:00LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJOLes privathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00989767684801832891noreply@blogger.comBlogger271125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5255298841592842633.post-65724214716987429612014-12-15T02:24:00.002-08:002014-12-15T02:24:28.580-08:00BIMBINGAN BELAJAR PRIVAT SURABAYA SIDOARJO
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 24pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 24pt;">EDUCATION</span></div>
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<u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">KHUSUS MENGAJAR LES PRIVAT TINGKATAN </span></u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">TK</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN (KHUSUS) :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">AKUNTANSI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">4.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MATEMATIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">5.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">BIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">6.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">KIMIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">7.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">FISIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">8.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">EKONOMI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">9.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">GEOGRAFI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">10.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SEJARAH</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">11.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SOSIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">12.BAHASA INDONESIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">13.BAHASA INGGRIS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">14.BAHASA JEPANG</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">15.BAHASA JERMAN</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">16.BAHASA JAWA</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">17.BAHASA MANDARIN <br />
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">18. KOMPUTER</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">19. BAHASA ARAB</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">20. AGAMA ISLAM </span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">NON EDUCATION :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK → GITAR, DRUM, PIANO, ORGEN, KEYBOARD DLL</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><b style="color: blue;">CATUR</b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 20.000</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPA MENCAKUP MATEMATIKA, BIOLOGI, KIMIA, FISIKA :</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">60.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPS MENCAKUP AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI, GEOGRAFI, SOSIOLOGI, SEJARAH : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MENCAKUP BAHASA INGGRIS, BAHASA INDONESIA, BAHASA JERMAN, BAHASA JEPANG, BAHASA JAWA, BAHASA MANDARIN : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">TK (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">: 35.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN<b>)</b></span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> : <span style="color: blue;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 60.000</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">/ PERTEMUAN / TATAP<b> </b>MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">60.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SENI : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">CATUR : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;">NB
: Biaya sewaktu-waktu bisa naik atau turun setelah di negosiasikan
tergantung lokasi rumah siswa. MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA – SIDOARJO</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA DIDIRIKAN DALAM BENTUK TIM DARI MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MEMPUNYAI TENTOR2 HANDAL DAN TERAMPIL YANG SEMUANYA BERASAL DARI PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI SURABAYA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MERUPAKAN LES PRIVAT YANG DI PRAKARSAI OLEH LBB </span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> YANG MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA HINGGA SIDOARJO.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SANGAT BERPENGALAMAN BERTAHUN-TAHUN DALAM MEMBANTU MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK BANGSA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">TINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK ANDA DI </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> DI PRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">. </span></div>
<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">ADA JUGA LES PRIVAT MATA PELAJARAN LAIN SELAIN </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">YANG MASIH TETAP DIPRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION.</span><br />
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<b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">HUBUNGI </span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">089676659020 </span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">// </span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">087851209620</span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;"> //</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 24pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 24pt;">EDUCATION</span></div>
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<u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">KHUSUS MENGAJAR LES PRIVAT TINGKATAN </span></u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">TK</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN (KHUSUS) :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">AKUNTANSI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">4.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MATEMATIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">5.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">BIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">6.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">KIMIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">7.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">FISIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">8.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">EKONOMI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">9.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">GEOGRAFI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">10.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SEJARAH</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">11.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SOSIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">12.BAHASA INDONESIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">13.BAHASA INGGRIS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">14.BAHASA JEPANG</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">15.BAHASA JERMAN</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">16.BAHASA JAWA</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">17.BAHASA MANDARIN <br />
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">18. KOMPUTER</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">19. BAHASA ARAB</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">20. AGAMA ISLAM </span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">NON EDUCATION :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK → GITAR, DRUM, PIANO, ORGEN, KEYBOARD DLL</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><b style="color: blue;">CATUR</b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 20.000</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPA MENCAKUP MATEMATIKA, BIOLOGI, KIMIA, FISIKA :</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">60.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPS MENCAKUP AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI, GEOGRAFI, SOSIOLOGI, SEJARAH : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MENCAKUP BAHASA INGGRIS, BAHASA INDONESIA, BAHASA JERMAN, BAHASA JEPANG, BAHASA JAWA, BAHASA MANDARIN : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">TK (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">: 35.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN<b>)</b></span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> : <span style="color: blue;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 60.000</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">/ PERTEMUAN / TATAP<b> </b>MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">60.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SENI : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">CATUR : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;">NB
: Biaya sewaktu-waktu bisa naik atau turun setelah di negosiasikan
tergantung lokasi rumah siswa. MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA – SIDOARJO</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA DIDIRIKAN DALAM BENTUK TIM DARI MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MEMPUNYAI TENTOR2 HANDAL DAN TERAMPIL YANG SEMUANYA BERASAL DARI PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI SURABAYA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MERUPAKAN LES PRIVAT YANG DI PRAKARSAI OLEH LBB </span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> YANG MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA HINGGA SIDOARJO.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SANGAT BERPENGALAMAN BERTAHUN-TAHUN DALAM MEMBANTU MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK BANGSA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">TINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK ANDA DI </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> DI PRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">. </span></div>
<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">ADA JUGA LES PRIVAT MATA PELAJARAN LAIN SELAIN </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">YANG MASIH TETAP DIPRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION.</span><br />
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<b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">HUBUNGI </span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">089676659020 </span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">// </span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">087851209620</span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;"> //</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 24pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 24pt;">EDUCATION</span></div>
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<u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">KHUSUS MENGAJAR LES PRIVAT TINGKATAN </span></u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">TK</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN (KHUSUS) :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">AKUNTANSI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">4.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MATEMATIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">5.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">BIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">6.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">KIMIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">7.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">FISIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">8.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">EKONOMI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">9.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">GEOGRAFI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">10.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SEJARAH</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">11.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SOSIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">12.BAHASA INDONESIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">13.BAHASA INGGRIS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">14.BAHASA JEPANG</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">15.BAHASA JERMAN</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">16.BAHASA JAWA</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">17.BAHASA MANDARIN <br />
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">18. KOMPUTER</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">19. BAHASA ARAB</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">20. AGAMA ISLAM </span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">NON EDUCATION :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK → GITAR, DRUM, PIANO, ORGEN, KEYBOARD DLL</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><b style="color: blue;">CATUR</b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 20.000</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPA MENCAKUP MATEMATIKA, BIOLOGI, KIMIA, FISIKA :</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">60.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPS MENCAKUP AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI, GEOGRAFI, SOSIOLOGI, SEJARAH : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MENCAKUP BAHASA INGGRIS, BAHASA INDONESIA, BAHASA JERMAN, BAHASA JEPANG, BAHASA JAWA, BAHASA MANDARIN : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">TK (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">: 35.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN<b>)</b></span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> : <span style="color: blue;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 60.000</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">/ PERTEMUAN / TATAP<b> </b>MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">60.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SENI : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">CATUR : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;">NB
: Biaya sewaktu-waktu bisa naik atau turun setelah di negosiasikan
tergantung lokasi rumah siswa. MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA – SIDOARJO</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA DIDIRIKAN DALAM BENTUK TIM DARI MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MEMPUNYAI TENTOR2 HANDAL DAN TERAMPIL YANG SEMUANYA BERASAL DARI PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI SURABAYA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MERUPAKAN LES PRIVAT YANG DI PRAKARSAI OLEH LBB </span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> YANG MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA HINGGA SIDOARJO.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SANGAT BERPENGALAMAN BERTAHUN-TAHUN DALAM MEMBANTU MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK BANGSA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">TINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK ANDA DI </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> DI PRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">. </span></div>
<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">ADA JUGA LES PRIVAT MATA PELAJARAN LAIN SELAIN </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">YANG MASIH TETAP DIPRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION.</span><br />
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<br />Les privathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00989767684801832891noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5255298841592842633.post-7559002538760547322014-08-06T06:52:00.003-07:002014-08-06T06:52:49.349-07:00PRIVAT SMA SURABAYA SIDOARJO<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">HUBUNGI </span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">089676659020 </span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">// </span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">087851209620</span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;"> //</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 24pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 24pt;">EDUCATION</span></div>
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<u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">KHUSUS MENGAJAR LES PRIVAT TINGKATAN </span></u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">TK</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN (KHUSUS) :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">AKUNTANSI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">4.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MATEMATIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">5.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">BIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">6.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">KIMIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">7.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">FISIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">8.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">EKONOMI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">9.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">GEOGRAFI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">10.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SEJARAH</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">11.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SOSIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">12.BAHASA INDONESIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">13.BAHASA INGGRIS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">14.BAHASA JEPANG</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">15.BAHASA JERMAN</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">16.BAHASA JAWA</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">17.BAHASA MANDARIN <br />
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">18. KOMPUTER</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">19. BAHASA ARAB</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">20. AGAMA ISLAM </span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">NON EDUCATION :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK → GITAR, DRUM, PIANO, ORGEN, KEYBOARD DLL</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><b style="color: blue;">CATUR</b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 20.000</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPA MENCAKUP MATEMATIKA, BIOLOGI, KIMIA, FISIKA :</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">60.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPS MENCAKUP AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI, GEOGRAFI, SOSIOLOGI, SEJARAH : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MENCAKUP BAHASA INGGRIS, BAHASA INDONESIA, BAHASA JERMAN, BAHASA JEPANG, BAHASA JAWA, BAHASA MANDARIN : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">TK (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">: 35.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN<b>)</b></span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> : <span style="color: blue;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 60.000</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">/ PERTEMUAN / TATAP<b> </b>MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">60.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SENI : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">CATUR : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;">NB
: Biaya sewaktu-waktu bisa naik atau turun setelah di negosiasikan
tergantung lokasi rumah siswa. MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA – SIDOARJO</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA DIDIRIKAN DALAM BENTUK TIM DARI MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MEMPUNYAI TENTOR2 HANDAL DAN TERAMPIL YANG SEMUANYA BERASAL DARI PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI SURABAYA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MERUPAKAN LES PRIVAT YANG DI PRAKARSAI OLEH LBB </span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> YANG MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA HINGGA SIDOARJO.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SANGAT BERPENGALAMAN BERTAHUN-TAHUN DALAM MEMBANTU MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK BANGSA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">TINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK ANDA DI </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> DI PRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">. </span></div>
<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">ADA JUGA LES PRIVAT MATA PELAJARAN LAIN SELAIN </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">YANG MASIH TETAP DIPRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION.</span><br />
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">berikut link blog kami :</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">HUBUNGI </span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">089676659020 </span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">// </span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">087851209620</span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;"> //</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 24pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 24pt;">EDUCATION</span></div>
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<u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">KHUSUS MENGAJAR LES PRIVAT TINGKATAN </span></u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">TK</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN (KHUSUS) :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">AKUNTANSI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">4.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MATEMATIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">5.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">BIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">6.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">KIMIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">7.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">FISIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">8.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">EKONOMI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">9.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">GEOGRAFI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">10.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SEJARAH</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">11.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SOSIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">12.BAHASA INDONESIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">13.BAHASA INGGRIS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">14.BAHASA JEPANG</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">15.BAHASA JERMAN</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">16.BAHASA JAWA</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">17.BAHASA MANDARIN <br />
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">18. KOMPUTER</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">19. BAHASA ARAB</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">20. AGAMA ISLAM </span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">NON EDUCATION :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK → GITAR, DRUM, PIANO, ORGEN, KEYBOARD DLL</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><b style="color: blue;">CATUR</b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 20.000</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPA MENCAKUP MATEMATIKA, BIOLOGI, KIMIA, FISIKA :</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">60.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPS MENCAKUP AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI, GEOGRAFI, SOSIOLOGI, SEJARAH : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MENCAKUP BAHASA INGGRIS, BAHASA INDONESIA, BAHASA JERMAN, BAHASA JEPANG, BAHASA JAWA, BAHASA MANDARIN : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">TK (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">: 35.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN<b>)</b></span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> : <span style="color: blue;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 60.000</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">/ PERTEMUAN / TATAP<b> </b>MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">60.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SENI : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">CATUR : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;">NB
: Biaya sewaktu-waktu bisa naik atau turun setelah di negosiasikan
tergantung lokasi rumah siswa. MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA – SIDOARJO</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA DIDIRIKAN DALAM BENTUK TIM DARI MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MEMPUNYAI TENTOR2 HANDAL DAN TERAMPIL YANG SEMUANYA BERASAL DARI PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI SURABAYA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MERUPAKAN LES PRIVAT YANG DI PRAKARSAI OLEH LBB </span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> YANG MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA HINGGA SIDOARJO.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SANGAT BERPENGALAMAN BERTAHUN-TAHUN DALAM MEMBANTU MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK BANGSA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">TINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK ANDA DI </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> DI PRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">. </span></div>
<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">ADA JUGA LES PRIVAT MATA PELAJARAN LAIN SELAIN </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">YANG MASIH TETAP DIPRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION.</span><br />
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<b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">HUBUNGI </span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">089676659020 </span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">// </span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">087851209620</span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;"> //</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 24pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 24pt;">EDUCATION</span></div>
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<u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">KHUSUS MENGAJAR LES PRIVAT TINGKATAN </span></u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">TK</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN (KHUSUS) :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">AKUNTANSI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">4.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MATEMATIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">5.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">BIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">6.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">KIMIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">7.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">FISIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">8.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">EKONOMI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">9.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">GEOGRAFI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">10.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SEJARAH</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">11.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SOSIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">12.BAHASA INDONESIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">13.BAHASA INGGRIS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">14.BAHASA JEPANG</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">15.BAHASA JERMAN</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">16.BAHASA JAWA</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">17.BAHASA MANDARIN <br />
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">18. KOMPUTER</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">19. BAHASA ARAB</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">20. AGAMA ISLAM </span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">NON EDUCATION :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK → GITAR, DRUM, PIANO, ORGEN, KEYBOARD DLL</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><b style="color: blue;">CATUR</b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 20.000</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPA MENCAKUP MATEMATIKA, BIOLOGI, KIMIA, FISIKA :</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">60.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPS MENCAKUP AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI, GEOGRAFI, SOSIOLOGI, SEJARAH : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MENCAKUP BAHASA INGGRIS, BAHASA INDONESIA, BAHASA JERMAN, BAHASA JEPANG, BAHASA JAWA, BAHASA MANDARIN : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">TK (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">: 35.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN<b>)</b></span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> : <span style="color: blue;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 60.000</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">/ PERTEMUAN / TATAP<b> </b>MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">60.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SENI : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">CATUR : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;">NB
: Biaya sewaktu-waktu bisa naik atau turun setelah di negosiasikan
tergantung lokasi rumah siswa. MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA – SIDOARJO</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA DIDIRIKAN DALAM BENTUK TIM DARI MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MEMPUNYAI TENTOR2 HANDAL DAN TERAMPIL YANG SEMUANYA BERASAL DARI PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI SURABAYA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MERUPAKAN LES PRIVAT YANG DI PRAKARSAI OLEH LBB </span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> YANG MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA HINGGA SIDOARJO.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SANGAT BERPENGALAMAN BERTAHUN-TAHUN DALAM MEMBANTU MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK BANGSA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">TINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK ANDA DI </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> DI PRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">. </span></div>
<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">ADA JUGA LES PRIVAT MATA PELAJARAN LAIN SELAIN </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">YANG MASIH TETAP DIPRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION.</span><br />
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<br />Les privathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00989767684801832891noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5255298841592842633.post-83235597392257682672014-08-06T06:50:00.000-07:002014-08-06T06:50:41.563-07:00PRIVAT SMA KOTA SURABAYA SIDOARJO<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">HUBUNGI </span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">089676659020 </span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">// </span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">087851209620</span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;"> //</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 24pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 24pt;">EDUCATION</span></div>
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<u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">KHUSUS MENGAJAR LES PRIVAT TINGKATAN </span></u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">TK</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN (KHUSUS) :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">AKUNTANSI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">4.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MATEMATIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">5.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">BIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">6.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">KIMIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">7.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">FISIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">8.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">EKONOMI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">9.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">GEOGRAFI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">10.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SEJARAH</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">11.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SOSIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">12.BAHASA INDONESIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">13.BAHASA INGGRIS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">14.BAHASA JEPANG</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">15.BAHASA JERMAN</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">16.BAHASA JAWA</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">17.BAHASA MANDARIN <br />
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">18. KOMPUTER</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">19. BAHASA ARAB</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">20. AGAMA ISLAM </span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">NON EDUCATION :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK → GITAR, DRUM, PIANO, ORGEN, KEYBOARD DLL</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><b style="color: blue;">CATUR</b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 20.000</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPA MENCAKUP MATEMATIKA, BIOLOGI, KIMIA, FISIKA :</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">60.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPS MENCAKUP AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI, GEOGRAFI, SOSIOLOGI, SEJARAH : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MENCAKUP BAHASA INGGRIS, BAHASA INDONESIA, BAHASA JERMAN, BAHASA JEPANG, BAHASA JAWA, BAHASA MANDARIN : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">TK (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">: 35.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN<b>)</b></span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> : <span style="color: blue;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 60.000</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">/ PERTEMUAN / TATAP<b> </b>MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">60.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SENI : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">CATUR : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;">NB
: Biaya sewaktu-waktu bisa naik atau turun setelah di negosiasikan
tergantung lokasi rumah siswa. MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA – SIDOARJO</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA DIDIRIKAN DALAM BENTUK TIM DARI MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MEMPUNYAI TENTOR2 HANDAL DAN TERAMPIL YANG SEMUANYA BERASAL DARI PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI SURABAYA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MERUPAKAN LES PRIVAT YANG DI PRAKARSAI OLEH LBB </span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> YANG MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA HINGGA SIDOARJO.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SANGAT BERPENGALAMAN BERTAHUN-TAHUN DALAM MEMBANTU MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK BANGSA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">TINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK ANDA DI </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> DI PRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">. </span></div>
<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">ADA JUGA LES PRIVAT MATA PELAJARAN LAIN SELAIN </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">YANG MASIH TETAP DIPRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION.</span><br />
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<b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">HUBUNGI </span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">089676659020 </span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">// </span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">087851209620</span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;"> //</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 24pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 24pt;">EDUCATION</span></div>
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<u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">KHUSUS MENGAJAR LES PRIVAT TINGKATAN </span></u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">TK</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN (KHUSUS) :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">AKUNTANSI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">4.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MATEMATIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">5.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">BIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">6.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">KIMIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">7.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">FISIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">8.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">EKONOMI</span></div>
</td><td style="height: 1.5in; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.25in;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 4.5pt;">
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">9.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">GEOGRAFI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">10.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SEJARAH</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">11.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SOSIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">12.BAHASA INDONESIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">13.BAHASA INGGRIS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">14.BAHASA JEPANG</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">15.BAHASA JERMAN</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">16.BAHASA JAWA</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">17.BAHASA MANDARIN <br />
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">18. KOMPUTER</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">19. BAHASA ARAB</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">20. AGAMA ISLAM </span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">NON EDUCATION :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK → GITAR, DRUM, PIANO, ORGEN, KEYBOARD DLL</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><b style="color: blue;">CATUR</b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 20.000</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPA MENCAKUP MATEMATIKA, BIOLOGI, KIMIA, FISIKA :</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">60.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPS MENCAKUP AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI, GEOGRAFI, SOSIOLOGI, SEJARAH : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MENCAKUP BAHASA INGGRIS, BAHASA INDONESIA, BAHASA JERMAN, BAHASA JEPANG, BAHASA JAWA, BAHASA MANDARIN : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">TK (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">: 35.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN<b>)</b></span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> : <span style="color: blue;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 60.000</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">/ PERTEMUAN / TATAP<b> </b>MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">60.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SENI : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">CATUR : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;">NB
: Biaya sewaktu-waktu bisa naik atau turun setelah di negosiasikan
tergantung lokasi rumah siswa. MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA – SIDOARJO</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA DIDIRIKAN DALAM BENTUK TIM DARI MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MEMPUNYAI TENTOR2 HANDAL DAN TERAMPIL YANG SEMUANYA BERASAL DARI PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI SURABAYA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MERUPAKAN LES PRIVAT YANG DI PRAKARSAI OLEH LBB </span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> YANG MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA HINGGA SIDOARJO.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SANGAT BERPENGALAMAN BERTAHUN-TAHUN DALAM MEMBANTU MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK BANGSA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">TINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK ANDA DI </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> DI PRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">. </span></div>
<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">ADA JUGA LES PRIVAT MATA PELAJARAN LAIN SELAIN </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">YANG MASIH TETAP DIPRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION.</span><br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">HUBUNGI </span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">089676659020 </span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">// </span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">087851209620</span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;"> //</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 24pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 24pt;">EDUCATION</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 4.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 4.5pt;">
<u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">KHUSUS MENGAJAR LES PRIVAT TINGKATAN </span></u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 4.5pt;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">TK</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 4.5pt;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 4.5pt;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 4.5pt;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 4.5pt;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN (KHUSUS) :</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 22.5pt; width: 499px;">
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">AKUNTANSI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">4.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MATEMATIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">5.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">BIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">6.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">KIMIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">7.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">FISIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">8.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">EKONOMI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">9.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">GEOGRAFI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">10.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SEJARAH</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">11.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SOSIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">12.BAHASA INDONESIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">13.BAHASA INGGRIS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">14.BAHASA JEPANG</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">15.BAHASA JERMAN</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">16.BAHASA JAWA</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">17.BAHASA MANDARIN <br />
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">18. KOMPUTER</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">19. BAHASA ARAB</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">20. AGAMA ISLAM </span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">NON EDUCATION :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK → GITAR, DRUM, PIANO, ORGEN, KEYBOARD DLL</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><b style="color: blue;">CATUR</b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 20.000</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPA MENCAKUP MATEMATIKA, BIOLOGI, KIMIA, FISIKA :</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">60.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPS MENCAKUP AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI, GEOGRAFI, SOSIOLOGI, SEJARAH : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MENCAKUP BAHASA INGGRIS, BAHASA INDONESIA, BAHASA JERMAN, BAHASA JEPANG, BAHASA JAWA, BAHASA MANDARIN : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">TK (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">: 35.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN<b>)</b></span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> : <span style="color: blue;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 60.000</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">/ PERTEMUAN / TATAP<b> </b>MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">60.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SENI : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">CATUR : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;">NB
: Biaya sewaktu-waktu bisa naik atau turun setelah di negosiasikan
tergantung lokasi rumah siswa. MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA – SIDOARJO</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA DIDIRIKAN DALAM BENTUK TIM DARI MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MEMPUNYAI TENTOR2 HANDAL DAN TERAMPIL YANG SEMUANYA BERASAL DARI PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI SURABAYA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MERUPAKAN LES PRIVAT YANG DI PRAKARSAI OLEH LBB </span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> YANG MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA HINGGA SIDOARJO.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SANGAT BERPENGALAMAN BERTAHUN-TAHUN DALAM MEMBANTU MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK BANGSA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">TINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK ANDA DI </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> DI PRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">. </span></div>
<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">ADA JUGA LES PRIVAT MATA PELAJARAN LAIN SELAIN </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">YANG MASIH TETAP DIPRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION.</span><br />
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<br />Les privathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00989767684801832891noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5255298841592842633.post-6697703334737780552014-07-14T12:26:00.000-07:002014-07-14T12:26:06.118-07:00BIMBINGAN BELAJAR TARAF SMA UNTUK KOTA SURABAYA & SIDOARJO<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">HUBUNGI </span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">089676659020 </span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">// </span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">087851209620</span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;"> //</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 24pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 24pt;">EDUCATION</span></div>
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<u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">KHUSUS MENGAJAR LES PRIVAT TINGKATAN </span></u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">TK</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN (KHUSUS) :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">AKUNTANSI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">4.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MATEMATIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">5.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">BIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">6.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">KIMIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">7.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">FISIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">8.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">EKONOMI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">9.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">GEOGRAFI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">10.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SEJARAH</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">11.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SOSIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">12.BAHASA INDONESIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">13.BAHASA INGGRIS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">14.BAHASA JEPANG</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">15.BAHASA JERMAN</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">16.BAHASA JAWA</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">17.BAHASA MANDARIN <br />
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">18. KOMPUTER</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">19. BAHASA ARAB</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">20. AGAMA ISLAM </span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">NON EDUCATION :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK → GITAR, DRUM, PIANO, ORGEN, KEYBOARD DLL</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><b style="color: blue;">CATUR</b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 20.000</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPA MENCAKUP MATEMATIKA, BIOLOGI, KIMIA, FISIKA :</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">60.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPS MENCAKUP AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI, GEOGRAFI, SOSIOLOGI, SEJARAH : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MENCAKUP BAHASA INGGRIS, BAHASA INDONESIA, BAHASA JERMAN, BAHASA JEPANG, BAHASA JAWA, BAHASA MANDARIN : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">TK (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">: 35.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN<b>)</b></span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> : <span style="color: blue;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 60.000</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">/ PERTEMUAN / TATAP<b> </b>MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">60.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SENI : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">CATUR : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;">NB
: Biaya sewaktu-waktu bisa naik atau turun setelah di negosiasikan
tergantung lokasi rumah siswa. MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA – SIDOARJO</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA DIDIRIKAN DALAM BENTUK TIM DARI MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MEMPUNYAI TENTOR2 HANDAL DAN TERAMPIL YANG SEMUANYA BERASAL DARI PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI SURABAYA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MERUPAKAN LES PRIVAT YANG DI PRAKARSAI OLEH LBB </span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> YANG MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA HINGGA SIDOARJO.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SANGAT BERPENGALAMAN BERTAHUN-TAHUN DALAM MEMBANTU MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK BANGSA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">TINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK ANDA DI </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> DI PRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">. </span></div>
<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">ADA JUGA LES PRIVAT MATA PELAJARAN LAIN SELAIN </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">YANG MASIH TETAP DIPRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION.</span><br />
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<b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">HUBUNGI </span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">089676659020 </span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">// </span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">087851209620</span></b><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;"> //</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 24pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 24pt;">EDUCATION</span></div>
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<u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">KHUSUS MENGAJAR LES PRIVAT TINGKATAN </span></u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">TK</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN (KHUSUS) :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">AKUNTANSI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">4.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MATEMATIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">5.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">BIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">6.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">KIMIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">7.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">FISIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">8.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">EKONOMI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">9.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">GEOGRAFI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">10.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SEJARAH</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">11.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SOSIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">12.BAHASA INDONESIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">13.BAHASA INGGRIS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">14.BAHASA JEPANG</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">15.BAHASA JERMAN</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">16.BAHASA JAWA</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">17.BAHASA MANDARIN <br />
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">18. KOMPUTER</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">19. BAHASA ARAB</span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">20. AGAMA ISLAM </span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">NON EDUCATION :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK → GITAR, DRUM, PIANO, ORGEN, KEYBOARD DLL</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><b style="color: blue;">CATUR</b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 20.000</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPA MENCAKUP MATEMATIKA, BIOLOGI, KIMIA, FISIKA :</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">60.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPS MENCAKUP AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI, GEOGRAFI, SOSIOLOGI, SEJARAH : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MENCAKUP BAHASA INGGRIS, BAHASA INDONESIA, BAHASA JERMAN, BAHASA JEPANG, BAHASA JAWA, BAHASA MANDARIN : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">TK (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">: 35.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN<b>)</b></span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> : <span style="color: blue;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 60.000</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">/ PERTEMUAN / TATAP<b> </b>MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">60.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SENI : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">CATUR : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;">NB
: Biaya sewaktu-waktu bisa naik atau turun setelah di negosiasikan
tergantung lokasi rumah siswa. MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA – SIDOARJO</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA DIDIRIKAN DALAM BENTUK TIM DARI MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MEMPUNYAI TENTOR2 HANDAL DAN TERAMPIL YANG SEMUANYA BERASAL DARI PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI SURABAYA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MERUPAKAN LES PRIVAT YANG DI PRAKARSAI OLEH LBB </span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> YANG MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA HINGGA SIDOARJO.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SANGAT BERPENGALAMAN BERTAHUN-TAHUN DALAM MEMBANTU MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK BANGSA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">TINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK ANDA DI </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> DI PRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">. </span></div>
<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">ADA JUGA LES PRIVAT MATA PELAJARAN LAIN SELAIN </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT BAHASA INGGRIS SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">YANG MASIH TETAP DIPRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION.</span><br />
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Les privathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00989767684801832891noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5255298841592842633.post-91399889719529043802012-08-22T20:24:00.001-07:002012-08-22T20:24:29.853-07:00PRIVAT SMA<br />
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<b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />HUBUNGI </span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">087851209620 // 089676659020 //</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 24pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 24pt;">EDUCATION</span></div>
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<u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">KHUSUS MENGAJAR LES PRIVAT TINGKATAN </span></u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">TK</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN (KHUSUS) :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">AKUNTANSI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">4.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MATEMATIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">5.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">BIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">6.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">KIMIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">7.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">FISIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">8.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">EKONOMI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">9.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">GEOGRAFI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">10.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SEJARAH</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">11.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SOSIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">12.BAHASA INDONESIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">13.BAHASA INGGRIS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">14.BAHASA JEPANG</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">15.BAHASA JERMAN</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">16.BAHASA JAWA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">17. KOMPUTER</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">NON EDUCATION :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK → GITAR, DRUM, PIANO, ORGEN, KEYBOARD DLL</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><b style="color: blue;">CATUR</b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 10.000</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPA MENCAKUP MATEMATIKA, BIOLOGI, KIMIA, FISIKA :</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPS MENCAKUP AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI, GEOGRAFI, SOSIOLOGI, SEJARAH : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MENCAKUP BAHASA INGGRIS, BAHASA INDONESIA, BAHASA JERMAN, BAHASA JEPANG, BAHASA JAWA : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">TK (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">: 30.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN<b>)</b></span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> : <span style="color: blue;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 60.000</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">/ PERTEMUAN / TATAP<b> </b>MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SENI : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">CATUR : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">35.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;">NB
: Biaya sewaktu-waktu bisa naik atau turun setelah di negosiasikan
tergantung lokasi rumah siswa. MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA – SIDOARJO</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO DIDIRIKAN DALAM BENTUK TIM DARI MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MEMPUNYAI TENTOR2 HANDAL DAN TERAMPIL YANG SEMUANYA BERASAL DARI PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI SURABAYA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MERUPAKAN LES PRIVAT YANG DI PRAKARSAI OLEH LBB </span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> YANG MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA HINGGA SIDOARJO.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SANGAT BERPENGALAMAN BERTAHUN-TAHUN DALAM MEMBANTU MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK BANGSA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">TINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK ANDA DI </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> DI PRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">. </span></div>
<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">ADA JUGA LES PRIVAT MATA PELAJARAN LAIN SELAIN </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">YANG MASIH TETAP DIPRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION.</span><br />
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Les privathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00989767684801832891noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5255298841592842633.post-44546179021929946732012-08-22T20:21:00.000-07:002012-08-22T20:21:11.470-07:00BIMBINGAN BELAJAR PRIVAT SMA KOTA SURABAYA SIDOARJO<br />
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<b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />HUBUNGI </span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">087851209620 // 089676659020 //</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 24pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 24pt;">EDUCATION</span></div>
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<u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">KHUSUS MENGAJAR LES PRIVAT TINGKATAN </span></u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">TK</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN (KHUSUS) :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">AKUNTANSI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">4.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MATEMATIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">5.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">BIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">6.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">KIMIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">7.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">FISIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">8.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">EKONOMI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">9.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">GEOGRAFI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">10.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SEJARAH</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">11.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SOSIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">12.BAHASA INDONESIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">13.BAHASA INGGRIS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">14.BAHASA JEPANG</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">15.BAHASA JERMAN</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">16.BAHASA JAWA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">17. KOMPUTER</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">NON EDUCATION :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK → GITAR, DRUM, PIANO, ORGEN, KEYBOARD DLL</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><b style="color: blue;">CATUR</b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 10.000</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPA MENCAKUP MATEMATIKA, BIOLOGI, KIMIA, FISIKA :</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPS MENCAKUP AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI, GEOGRAFI, SOSIOLOGI, SEJARAH : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MENCAKUP BAHASA INGGRIS, BAHASA INDONESIA, BAHASA JERMAN, BAHASA JEPANG, BAHASA JAWA : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">TK (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">: 30.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN<b>)</b></span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> : <span style="color: blue;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 60.000</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">/ PERTEMUAN / TATAP<b> </b>MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SENI : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">CATUR : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">35.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;">NB
: Biaya sewaktu-waktu bisa naik atau turun setelah di negosiasikan
tergantung lokasi rumah siswa. MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA – SIDOARJO</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO DIDIRIKAN DALAM BENTUK TIM DARI MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MEMPUNYAI TENTOR2 HANDAL DAN TERAMPIL YANG SEMUANYA BERASAL DARI PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI SURABAYA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MERUPAKAN LES PRIVAT YANG DI PRAKARSAI OLEH LBB </span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> YANG MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA HINGGA SIDOARJO.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SANGAT BERPENGALAMAN BERTAHUN-TAHUN DALAM MEMBANTU MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK BANGSA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">TINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK ANDA DI </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> DI PRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">. </span></div>
<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">ADA JUGA LES PRIVAT MATA PELAJARAN LAIN SELAIN </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">YANG MASIH TETAP DIPRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION.</span><br />
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Les privathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00989767684801832891noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5255298841592842633.post-3369669339761177402012-08-22T20:04:00.001-07:002012-08-22T20:24:40.777-07:00Les privathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00989767684801832891noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5255298841592842633.post-75688081047743578542012-08-22T19:48:00.001-07:002012-08-22T19:48:01.657-07:00PRIVAT SMA KOTA SURABAYA DAN SIDOARJO<br />
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<b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />HUBUNGI </span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">087851209620 // 089676659020 //</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 24pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 24pt;">EDUCATION</span></div>
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<u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">KHUSUS MENGAJAR LES PRIVAT TINGKATAN </span></u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">TK</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN (KHUSUS) :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">AKUNTANSI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">4.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MATEMATIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">5.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">BIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">6.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">KIMIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">7.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">FISIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">8.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">EKONOMI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">9.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">GEOGRAFI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">10.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SEJARAH</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">11.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SOSIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">12.BAHASA INDONESIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">13.BAHASA INGGRIS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">14.BAHASA JEPANG</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">15.BAHASA JERMAN</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">16.BAHASA JAWA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">17. KOMPUTER</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">NON EDUCATION :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK → GITAR, DRUM, PIANO, ORGEN, KEYBOARD DLL</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><b style="color: blue;">CATUR</b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 10.000</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPA MENCAKUP MATEMATIKA, BIOLOGI, KIMIA, FISIKA :</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPS MENCAKUP AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI, GEOGRAFI, SOSIOLOGI, SEJARAH : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MENCAKUP BAHASA INGGRIS, BAHASA INDONESIA, BAHASA JERMAN, BAHASA JEPANG, BAHASA JAWA : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">TK (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">: 30.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN<b>)</b></span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> : <span style="color: blue;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 60.000</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">/ PERTEMUAN / TATAP<b> </b>MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SENI : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">CATUR : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">35.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;">NB
: Biaya sewaktu-waktu bisa naik atau turun setelah di negosiasikan
tergantung lokasi rumah siswa. MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA – SIDOARJO</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO DIDIRIKAN DALAM BENTUK TIM DARI MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MEMPUNYAI TENTOR2 HANDAL DAN TERAMPIL YANG SEMUANYA BERASAL DARI PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI SURABAYA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MERUPAKAN LES PRIVAT YANG DI PRAKARSAI OLEH LBB </span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> YANG MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA HINGGA SIDOARJO.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SANGAT BERPENGALAMAN BERTAHUN-TAHUN DALAM MEMBANTU MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK BANGSA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">TINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK ANDA DI </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> DI PRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">. </span></div>
<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">ADA JUGA LES PRIVAT MATA PELAJARAN LAIN SELAIN </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">YANG MASIH TETAP DIPRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION.</span><br />
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">berikut link blog kami :</span></div>
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Les privathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00989767684801832891noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5255298841592842633.post-18854944737578428252012-08-22T19:47:00.001-07:002012-08-22T19:52:35.842-07:00<br />
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<b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />HUBUNGI </span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">087851209620 // 089676659020 //</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 24pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 24pt;">EDUCATION</span></div>
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<u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">KHUSUS MENGAJAR LES PRIVAT TINGKATAN </span></u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">TK</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN (KHUSUS) :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">AKUNTANSI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">4.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MATEMATIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">5.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">BIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">6.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">KIMIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">7.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">FISIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">8.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">EKONOMI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">9.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">GEOGRAFI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">10.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SEJARAH</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">11.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SOSIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">12.BAHASA INDONESIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">13.BAHASA INGGRIS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">14.BAHASA JEPANG</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">15.BAHASA JERMAN</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">16.BAHASA JAWA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">17. KOMPUTER</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">NON EDUCATION :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK → GITAR, DRUM, PIANO, ORGEN, KEYBOARD DLL</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><b style="color: blue;">CATUR</b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 10.000</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPA MENCAKUP MATEMATIKA, BIOLOGI, KIMIA, FISIKA :</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPS MENCAKUP AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI, GEOGRAFI, SOSIOLOGI, SEJARAH : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MENCAKUP BAHASA INGGRIS, BAHASA INDONESIA, BAHASA JERMAN, BAHASA JEPANG, BAHASA JAWA : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">TK (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">: 30.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN<b>)</b></span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> : <span style="color: blue;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 60.000</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">/ PERTEMUAN / TATAP<b> </b>MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SENI : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">CATUR : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">35.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;">NB
: Biaya sewaktu-waktu bisa naik atau turun setelah di negosiasikan
tergantung lokasi rumah siswa. MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA – SIDOARJO</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO DIDIRIKAN DALAM BENTUK TIM DARI MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MEMPUNYAI TENTOR2 HANDAL DAN TERAMPIL YANG SEMUANYA BERASAL DARI PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI SURABAYA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MERUPAKAN LES PRIVAT YANG DI PRAKARSAI OLEH LBB </span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> YANG MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA HINGGA SIDOARJO.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SANGAT BERPENGALAMAN BERTAHUN-TAHUN DALAM MEMBANTU MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK BANGSA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">TINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK ANDA DI </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> DI PRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">. </span></div>
<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">ADA JUGA LES PRIVAT MATA PELAJARAN LAIN SELAIN </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">YANG MASIH TETAP DIPRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION.</span><br />
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">berikut link blog kami :</span></div>
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Les privathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00989767684801832891noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5255298841592842633.post-83246605879695088142012-08-22T19:46:00.001-07:002012-08-22T19:52:35.858-07:00<br />
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<b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />HUBUNGI </span></b><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">087851209620 // 089676659020 //</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 24pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 24pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 24pt;">EDUCATION</span></div>
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<u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">KHUSUS MENGAJAR LES PRIVAT TINGKATAN </span></u><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">TK</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN (KHUSUS) :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">IPS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">AKUNTANSI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">4.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MATEMATIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">5.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">BIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">6.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">KIMIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">7.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">FISIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">8.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">EKONOMI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">9.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">GEOGRAFI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">10.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SEJARAH</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">11.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">SOSIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">12.BAHASA INDONESIA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">13.BAHASA INGGRIS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">14.BAHASA JEPANG</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">15.BAHASA JERMAN</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">16.BAHASA JAWA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">17. KOMPUTER</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">NON EDUCATION :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK → GITAR, DRUM, PIANO, ORGEN, KEYBOARD DLL</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><b style="color: blue;">CATUR</b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 10.000</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPA MENCAKUP MATEMATIKA, BIOLOGI, KIMIA, FISIKA :</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPS MENCAKUP AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI, GEOGRAFI, SOSIOLOGI, SEJARAH : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MENCAKUP BAHASA INGGRIS, BAHASA INDONESIA, BAHASA JERMAN, BAHASA JEPANG, BAHASA JAWA : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;">TK (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">: 30.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SD (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN<b>)</b></span><b><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMP (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> : <span style="color: blue;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SMA (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> : 60.000</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">/ PERTEMUAN / TATAP<b> </b>MUKA</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">SENI : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">CATUR : </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;">35.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;">NB
: Biaya sewaktu-waktu bisa naik atau turun setelah di negosiasikan
tergantung lokasi rumah siswa. MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA – SIDOARJO</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT MATEMATIKA SIDOARJO DIDIRIKAN DALAM BENTUK TIM DARI MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT MATEMATIKA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MEMPUNYAI TENTOR2 HANDAL DAN TERAMPIL YANG SEMUANYA BERASAL DARI PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI SURABAYA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT MATEMATIKA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MERUPAKAN LES PRIVAT YANG DI PRAKARSAI OLEH LBB </span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> YANG MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA HINGGA SIDOARJO.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT MATEMATIKA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SANGAT BERPENGALAMAN BERTAHUN-TAHUN DALAM MEMBANTU MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK BANGSA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">TINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK ANDA DI </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT MATEMATIKA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT MATEMATIKA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> DI PRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">. </span></div>
<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">ADA JUGA LES PRIVAT MATA PELAJARAN LAIN SELAIN </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT MATEMATIKA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">YANG MASIH TETAP DIPRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION.</span><br />
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<span style="color: red; font-size: 14pt;">berikut link blog kami :</span></div>
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Les privathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00989767684801832891noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5255298841592842633.post-77925462781112796312012-08-22T19:43:00.001-07:002012-08-22T19:52:35.854-07:00Les privathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00989767684801832891noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5255298841592842633.post-83222046222527255972011-10-02T03:51:00.000-07:002012-08-22T19:52:35.857-07:00LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24pt;">EDUCATION</span></div>
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<u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">KHUSUS MENGAJAR LES PRIVAT TINGKATAN </span></u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">:</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">SD </span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">SMP </span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">SMA </span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN (KHUSUS) :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">IPA </span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">IPS</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">AKUNTANSI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">4.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">MATEMATIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">5.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">BIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">6.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">KIMIA </span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">7.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">FISIKA</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">8.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EKONOMI </span></div>
</td> <td style="height: 1.5in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.25in;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: 4.5pt;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">9.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">GEOGRAFI </span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">10.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">SEJARAH</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">11.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">SOSIOLOGI</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">12.BAHASA INDONESIA </span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">13.BAHASA INGGRIS </span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">14.BAHASA JEPANG </span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">15.BAHASA JERMAN</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">16.BAHASA JAWA </span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">17. KOMPUTER </span></div>
</td> </tr>
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</table>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">NON EDUCATION :</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK → GITAR, DRUM, PIANO, ORGEN, KEYBOARD DLL</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">SENI → SENI RUPA, SENI TARI, DRAMA DLL</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">CATUR</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">UNTUK INFORMASI DAN PENDAFTARAN</span></div>
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<b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">HUBUNGI </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">089676659020</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">TENAGA PENGAJAR DI AMBIL DARI MAHASISWA TERPILIH DAN TERBAIK DARI PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI SURABAYA. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">BIAYA :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> : 5000</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPA MENCAKUP MATEMATIKA, BIOLOGI, KIMIA, FISIKA :</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN IPS MENCAKUP AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI, GEOGRAFI, SOSIOLOGI, SEJARAH : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MENCAKUP BAHASA INGGRIS, BAHASA INDONESIA, BAHASA JERMAN, BAHASA JEPANG, BAHASA JAWA : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">SD (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN<b>)</b></span><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">SMP (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> : <span style="color: blue;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">SMA (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> : 60.000</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> <span style="color: blue;">/ PERTEMUAN / TATAP<b> </b>MUKA</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">MUSIK : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">SENI : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">CATUR : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">35.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">NB
: Biaya sewaktu-waktu bisa naik atau turun setelah di
negosiasikan tergantung lokasi rumah siswa. MELAYANI DAERAH
SURABAYA – SIDOARJO</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO DIDIRIKAN DALAM BENTUK TIM DARI MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MEMPUNYAI TENTOR2 HANDAL DAN TERAMPIL YANG SEMUANYA BERASAL DARI PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI SURABAYA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> MERUPAKAN LES PRIVAT YANG DI PRAKARSAI OLEH LBB </span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">SMART</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> YANG MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA HINGGA SIDOARJO.</span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SANGAT BERPENGALAMAN BERTAHUN-TAHUN DALAM MEMBANTU MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK BANGSA. </span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">TINGKATKAN PRESTASI ANAK ANDA DI </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO.</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> DI PRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">. </span></div>
<span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">ADA JUGA LES PRIVAT MATA PELAJARAN LAIN SELAIN </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"></span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">YANG MASIH TETAP DIPRAKARSAI OLEH</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"> SMART </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">EDUCATION.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">berikut link blog kami :</span><br />
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Les privathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00989767684801832891noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5255298841592842633.post-89992329557774342272011-09-17T09:27:00.000-07:002012-08-22T19:52:35.864-07:00Les privathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00989767684801832891noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5255298841592842633.post-87223765113763572622011-08-11T06:56:00.001-07:002011-08-11T06:56:42.566-07:00PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMART</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">EDUCATION</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KHUSUS MENGAJAR LES PRIVAT TINGKATAN </span></u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SD </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMP </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN (KHUSUS) :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 22.5pt; width: 499px;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 1.5in; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="height: 1.5in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.95in;" valign="top" width="187"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">IPA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">IPS</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">AKUNTANSI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATEMATIKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BIOLOGI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KIMIA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">FISIKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">EKONOMI </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> <td style="height: 1.5in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.25in;" valign="top" width="312"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">GEOGRAFI </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SEJARAH</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">11.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SOSIOLOGI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">12.BAHASA INDONESIA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">13.BAHASA INGGRIS </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">14.BAHASA JEPANG </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">15.BAHASA JERMAN</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">16.BAHASA JAWA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">17. KOMPUTER </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NON EDUCATION :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MUSIK → GITAR, DRUM, PIANO, ORGEN, KEYBOARD DLL</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SENI → SENI RUPA, SENI TARI, DRAMA DLL</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CATUR</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">UNTUK INFORMASI DAN PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">HUBUNGI </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">089676659020</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
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</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TENAGA PENGAJAR DI AMBIL DARI MAHASISWA TERPILIH DAN TERBAIK DARI PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI SURABAYA. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
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</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BIAYA :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : 5000</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
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</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN IPA MENCAKUP MATEMATIKA, BIOLOGI, KIMIA, FISIKA :</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN IPS MENCAKUP AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI, GEOGRAFI, SOSIOLOGI, SEJARAH : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MENCAKUP BAHASA INGGRIS, BAHASA INDONESIA, BAHASA JERMAN, BAHASA JEPANG, BAHASA JAWA : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SD (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN<b>)</b></span><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMP (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : <span style="color: blue;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMA (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : 60.000</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: blue;">/ PERTEMUAN / TATAP<b> </b>MUKA</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MUSIK : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SENI : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CATUR : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">35.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NB : Biaya sewaktu-waktu bisa naik atau turun setelah di negosiasikan tergantung lokasi rumah siswa. MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA – SIDOARJO</span>Les privathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00989767684801832891noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5255298841592842633.post-8396758634362137032011-08-11T01:12:00.000-07:002011-08-11T01:12:55.005-07:00LES PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMART</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">EDUCATION</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KHUSUS MENGAJAR LES PRIVAT TINGKATAN </span></u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SD </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMP </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN (KHUSUS) :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 22.5pt; width: 499px;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 1.5in; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="height: 1.5in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.95in;" valign="top" width="187"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">IPA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">IPS</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">AKUNTANSI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATEMATIKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BIOLOGI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KIMIA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">FISIKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">EKONOMI </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> <td style="height: 1.5in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.25in;" valign="top" width="312"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">GEOGRAFI </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SEJARAH</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">11.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SOSIOLOGI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">12.BAHASA INDONESIA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">13.BAHASA INGGRIS </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">14.BAHASA JEPANG </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">15.BAHASA JERMAN</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">16.BAHASA JAWA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">17. KOMPUTER </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NON EDUCATION :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MUSIK → GITAR, DRUM, PIANO, ORGEN, KEYBOARD DLL</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SENI → SENI RUPA, SENI TARI, DRAMA DLL</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CATUR</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">UNTUK INFORMASI DAN PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">HUBUNGI </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">089676659020</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
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</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TENAGA PENGAJAR DI AMBIL DARI MAHASISWA TERPILIH DAN TERBAIK DARI PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI SURABAYA. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
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</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BIAYA :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : 5000</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN IPA MENCAKUP MATEMATIKA, BIOLOGI, KIMIA, FISIKA :</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN IPS MENCAKUP AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI, GEOGRAFI, SOSIOLOGI, SEJARAH : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MENCAKUP BAHASA INGGRIS, BAHASA INDONESIA, BAHASA JERMAN, BAHASA JEPANG, BAHASA JAWA : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SD (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN<b>)</b></span><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMP (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : <span style="color: blue;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMA (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : 60.000</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: blue;">/ PERTEMUAN / TATAP<b> </b>MUKA</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MUSIK : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SENI : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CATUR : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">35.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NB : Biaya sewaktu-waktu bisa naik atau turun setelah di negosiasikan tergantung lokasi rumah siswa. MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA – SIDOARJO</span>Les privathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00989767684801832891noreply@blogger.com0Sidoarjo, Indonesia-7.459679 112.741987-7.495428 112.6647565 -7.42393 112.8192175tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5255298841592842633.post-77708073450340867142011-08-11T01:08:00.001-07:002011-08-11T01:08:01.915-07:00ILMU DALAM BIDANG KEDOKTERAN<!--[if !mso]> <style>
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mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:1;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:1;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
border:solid #C0504D 1.0pt;
mso-border-themecolor:accent2;
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-border-insideh:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-border-insideh-themecolor:accent2;
mso-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-border-insidev-themecolor:accent2;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2FirstRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:first-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:2.25pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-insideh:cell-none;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent2;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
line-height:normal;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2LastRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:last-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:2.25pt double #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-insideh:cell-none;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent2;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
line-height:normal;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2FirstCol
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:first-column;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2LastCol
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:last-column;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent2;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2OddColumn
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:odd-column;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-shading:#EFD3D2;
mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-shading-themetint:63;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent2;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2OddRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:odd-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-shading:#EFD3D2;
mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-shading-themetint:63;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent2;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2EvenRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:even-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent2;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:1;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:1;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
border:solid #9BBB59 1.0pt;
mso-border-themecolor:accent3;
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-border-insideh:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-border-insideh-themecolor:accent3;
mso-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-border-insidev-themecolor:accent3;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3FirstRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:first-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:2.25pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-insideh:cell-none;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent3;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
line-height:normal;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3LastRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:last-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:2.25pt double #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-insideh:cell-none;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent3;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
line-height:normal;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3FirstCol
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:first-column;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3LastCol
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:last-column;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent3;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3OddColumn
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:odd-column;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-shading:#E6EED5;
mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-shading-themetint:63;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent3;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3OddRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:odd-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-shading:#E6EED5;
mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-shading-themetint:63;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent3;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3EvenRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:even-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent3;}
</style> <![endif]--> <br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMART</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">EDUCATION</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KHUSUS MENGAJAR LES PRIVAT TINGKATAN </span></u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SD </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMP </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN (KHUSUS) :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 22.5pt; width: 499px;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 1.5in; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="height: 1.5in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.95in;" valign="top" width="187"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">IPA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">IPS</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">AKUNTANSI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATEMATIKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BIOLOGI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KIMIA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">FISIKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">EKONOMI </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> <td style="height: 1.5in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.25in;" valign="top" width="312"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">GEOGRAFI </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SEJARAH</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">11.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SOSIOLOGI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">12.BAHASA INDONESIA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">13.BAHASA INGGRIS </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">14.BAHASA JEPANG </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">15.BAHASA JERMAN</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">16.BAHASA JAWA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">17. KOMPUTER </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NON EDUCATION :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MUSIK → GITAR, DRUM, PIANO, ORGEN, KEYBOARD DLL</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SENI → SENI RUPA, SENI TARI, DRAMA DLL</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CATUR</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">UNTUK INFORMASI DAN PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">HUBUNGI </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">089676659020</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
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</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TENAGA PENGAJAR DI AMBIL DARI MAHASISWA TERPILIH DAN TERBAIK DARI PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI SURABAYA. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
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</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BIAYA :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : 5000</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
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</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN IPA MENCAKUP MATEMATIKA, BIOLOGI, KIMIA, FISIKA :</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN IPS MENCAKUP AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI, GEOGRAFI, SOSIOLOGI, SEJARAH : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MENCAKUP BAHASA INGGRIS, BAHASA INDONESIA, BAHASA JERMAN, BAHASA JEPANG, BAHASA JAWA : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SD (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN<b>)</b></span><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMP (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : <span style="color: blue;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMA (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : 60.000</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: blue;">/ PERTEMUAN / TATAP<b> </b>MUKA</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MUSIK : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SENI : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CATUR : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">35.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NB : Biaya sewaktu-waktu bisa naik atau turun setelah di negosiasikan tergantung lokasi rumah siswa. MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA – SIDOARJO</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SEKILAS ARTIKEL TENTANG BIOLOGI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(DIPOSKAN OLEH LBB SMART EDUCATION : LES PRIVAT KOTA SURABAYA DAN SIDOARJO</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Biologi</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Biologi</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ilmu hayat</span> adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu" title="Ilmu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ilmu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang mempelajari aspek fisik </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kehidupan" title="Kehidupan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kehidupan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Istilah "biologi" dipinjam dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Belanda" title="Bahasa Belanda"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bahasa Belanda</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, <i>biologie</i>, yang juga diturunkan dari gabungan kata </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bahasa Yunani</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, βίος, <i>bios</i> ("hidup") dan λόγος,<i>logos</i> ("lambang", "ilmu"). Istilah "ilmu hayat" dipinjam dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bahasa Arab</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, juga berarti "ilmu kehidupan". Obyek kajian </span><strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pada masa kini sangat luas dan mencakup semua </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhluk_hidup" title="Makhluk hidup"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">makhluk hidup</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dalam berbagai aspek kehidupannya.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berbagai cabang biologi mengkhususkan diri pada setiap kelompok </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botani" title="Botani"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">botani</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu tentang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tumbuhan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoologi" title="Zoologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">zoologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu tentang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrobiologi" title="Mikrobiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">mikrobiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu tentang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasad_renik" title="Jasad renik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jasad renik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">). Perbedaan-perbedaan dan pengelompokan berdasarkan ciri-ciri fisik kelompok organisme dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistematika" title="Sistematika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sistematika</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yang di dalamnya mencakup pula </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taksonomi" title="Taksonomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">taksonomi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paleobiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Paleobiologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">paleobiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berbagai aspek kehidupan dikaji pula dalam biologi. Ciri-ciri fisik bagian tubuh dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomi" title="Anatomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">anatomi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfologi" title="Morfologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">morfologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sementara fungsinya dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fisiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Perilaku hewan dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etologi" title="Etologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">etologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Perkembangan ciri fisik makhluk hidup dalam kurun waktu panjang dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">evolusi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sedangkan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan dalam siklus kehidupan dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_perkembangan" title="Biologi perkembangan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi perkembangan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Interaksi antarsesama makhluk dan dengan alam sekitar mereka dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ekologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">; Mekanisme pewarisan sifat—yang berguna dalam upaya menjaga kelangsungan hidup suatu jenis makhluk hidup—dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">genetika</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Saat ini bahkan berkembang aspek biologi yang mengkaji kemungkinan berevolusinya makhluk hidup pada masa yang akan datang, juga kemungkinan adanya makhluk hidup di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet" title="Planet"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">planet</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-planet selain </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bumi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yaitu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrobiologi" title="Astrobiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">astrobiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Sementara itu, perkembangan teknologi memungkinkan pengkajian pada tingkat molekul penyusun organisme melalui </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_molekular" title="Biologi molekular"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi molekular</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> serta </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biokimia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yang banyak didukung oleh perkembangan teknik komputasi melalui bidang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatika" title="Bioinformatika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bioinformatika</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu biologi banyak berkembang pada abad ke-19, dengan ilmuwan menemukan bahwa organisme memiliki karakteristik pokok. Biologi kini merupakan subyek pelajaran sekolah dan universitas di seluruh dunia, dengan lebih dari jutaan makalah dibuat setiap tahun dalam susunan luas jurnal biologi dan kedokteran. </span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; margin-left: .05in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-cellspacing: 0in; mso-padding-alt: 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:EscherichiaColi_NIAID.jpg&filetimestamp=20050410214037" title=""Escherichia coli" "><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="Escherichia coli" border="0" height="76" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.jpg" width="90" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Tree_Fern.jpg&filetimestamp=20050626174418" title=""Pakis." "><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="Pakis." border="0" height="104" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" width="90" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Goliath_beetle.jpg&filetimestamp=20051004185109" title=""Kumbang tanduk" "><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="Kumbang tanduk" border="0" height="109" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.jpg" width="90" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Thompson%27s_Gazelle.jpeg&filetimestamp=20050602174531" title=""Rusa" "><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="Rusa" border="0" height="75" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.jpg" width="90" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Biologi mempelajari ilmu mengenai kehidupan. Dari kiri atas, bakteri </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Escherichia coli</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">tumbuhan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan_paku" title="Tumbuhan paku"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">pakis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusa" title="Rusa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">rusa</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, serangga </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goliathus" title="Goliathus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">kumbang tanduk</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Asal mula biologi</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Aristoteles dan biologi</span></span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu biologi dirintis oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Aristoteles</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, ilmuwan berkebangsaan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Yunani</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Dalam terminologi Aristoteles, "filosofi alam" adalah cabang filosofi yang meneliti fenomena alam, dan mencakupi bidang yang kini disebut sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fisika</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan ilmu pengetahuan alam lainnya.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Aristoteles melakukan penelitian sejarah alam di pulau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesbos" title="Lesbos"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Lesbos</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Hasil penelitiannya, termasuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Hewan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sejarah Hewan (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sejarah Hewan</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Generasi_Hewan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Generasi Hewan (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Generasi Hewan</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bagian_Hewan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Bagian Hewan (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Bagian Hewan</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, berisi beberapa observasi dan interpretasi, dan juga terdapat mitos dan kesalahan. Bagian yang penting adalah mengenai kehidupan laut. Ia memisahkan mamalia laut dari ikan, dan mengetahui bahwa hiu dan pari adalah bagian dari grup yang ia sebut Selachē (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Selachians&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Selachians (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">selachians</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">). </span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Didirikannya biologi modern</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Istilah biologi dalam pengertian modern kelihatannya diperkenalkan secara terpisah oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Reinhold_Treviranus&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biologie_oder_Philosophie_der_lebenden_Natur&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Biologie oder Philosophie der lebenden Natur (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Biologie oder Philosophie der lebenden Natur</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1802" title="1802"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">1802</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lamarck" title="Jean-Baptiste Lamarck"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Jean-Baptiste Lamarck</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydrog%C3%A9ologie&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Hydrogéologie (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Hydrogéologie</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, 1802). Namun, istilah biologi sebenarnya telah dipakai pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1800" title="1800"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">1800</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl_Friedrich_Burdach&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Karl Friedrich Burdach (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Karl Friedrich Burdach</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Bahkan, sebelumnya, istilah itu juga telah muncul dalam judul buku </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Christoph_Hanov&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Michael Christoph Hanov (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Michael Christoph Hanov</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> jilid ke-3 yang terbit pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1766" title="1766"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">1766</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yaitu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philosophiae_Naturalis_Sive_Physicae_Dogmaticae:_Geologia,_Biologia,_Phytologia_Generais_et_Dendrologia&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Philosophiae Naturalis Sive Physicae Dogmaticae: Geologia, Biologia, Phytologia Generais et Dendrologia (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Philosophiae Naturalis Sive Physicae Dogmaticae: Geologia, Biologia, Phytologia Generais et Dendrologia</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 323.25pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cakupan</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></h2><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada masa kini, biologi mencakup bidang akademik yang sangat luas, bersentuhan dengan bidang-bidang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sains" title="Sains"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sains</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang lain, dan sering kali dipandang sebagai ilmu yang mandiri. Namun, pencabangan biologi selalu mengikuti tiga dimensi yang saling tegak lurus: <i>keanekaragaman</i> (berdasarkan kelompok organisme), <i>organisasi kehidupan</i> (taraf kajian dari sistem kehidupan), dan <i>interaksi</i> (hubungan antarunit kehidupan serta antara unit kehidupan dengan lingkungannya).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Daftar ilmu-ilmu hayati</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ilmu-ilmu hayati</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (<i>biosciences</i>) mencakup semua disiplin </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu" title="Ilmu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ilmu</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang mempelajari aspek kehidupan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan makhluk suborganisme (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus" title="Virus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">virus</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viroid&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Viroid (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">viroid</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prion" title="Prion"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">prion</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">). Semula menginduk dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">biologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, semenjak akhir abad ke-19 hingga sekarang berbagai ilmu telah berkembang menuju ke arah kekhususan atau menggunakan alat-alat dari cabang utama ilmu pengetahuan lainnya sehingga menjadi disiplin yang cukup berbeda. Saat ini, ilmu-ilmu hayati berjumlah ratusan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Biologi sendiri semula merupakan bagian dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu_alam" title="Ilmu alam"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ilmu pengetahuan alam</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (<i>natural sciences</i>) yang dipelajari oleh para naturalis (ahli ilmu-ilmu alamiah). Biologi sebagai ilmu yang mandiri, dalam arti memiliki perangkat analisis dan konsep-konsep ilmiah yang kokoh, baru terbentuk pada abad ke-18, setelah penemuan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroskop" title="Mikroskop"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">mikroskop</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan tumbangnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">dogma</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Generatio_spontanea&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Generatio spontanea (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">generatio spontanea</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> oleh konsep </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Omne_vivum_ex_vivo&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Omne vivum ex vivo (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">omne vivum ex vivo</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Konsep </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">evolusi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, pewarisan sifat (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditas" title="Hereditas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hereditas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">), dan penemuan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA" title="DNA"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">DNA</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> sebagai bahan genetik memacu perkembangan biologi secara pesat.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pembagian disiplin ilmu di bawah ini tidak bersifat mutlak karena beberapa di antaranya sekarang dianggap mandiri walaupun masih memiliki keterkaitan dengan bidang induknya, misalnya genetika dengan fisiologi, biologi molekular dengan genetika, dan sebagainya. Selain itu, karena dinamisnya perkembangan ilmu-ilmu ini, seringkali ilmu-ilmu ini saling bertemu dan menghasilkan kajian antardisiplin.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu-ilmu berdasarkan kelompok organisme</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taksonomi" title="Taksonomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Taksonomi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">/Klasifikasi</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologi" title="Virologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Virologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi virus)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrobiologi" title="Mikrobiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mikrobiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi mikroorganisme) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteriologi" title="Bakteriologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bakteriologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi bakteri)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoologi" title="Protozoologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Protozoologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi protozoa)</span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikologi" title="Mikologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mikologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">jamur, kapang dan ragi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botani" title="Botani"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Botani</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi tumbuhan) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fikologi" title="Fikologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fikologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi alga)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pteridologi" title="Pteridologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pteridologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan_paku" title="Tumbuhan paku"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pakis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bryologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Bryologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bryologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi lumut)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrologi" title="Dendrologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dendrologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleobotani" title="Paleobotani"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Paleobotani</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoologi" title="Zoologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Zoologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi hewan) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nematologi" title="Nematologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nematologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi nematoda)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakologi" title="Malakologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Malakologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi moluska)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entomologi" title="Entomologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Entomologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi serangga) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="square"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apiari&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Apiari (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apiari</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi dan ternak lebah)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mirmekologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Mirmekologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mirmekologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi rayap)</span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iktiologi" title="Iktiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Iktiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi ikan)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpetologi" title="Herpetologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Herpetologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi reptilia dan amfibia)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornitologi" title="Ornitologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ornitologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi unggas)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamologi" title="Mamologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mamologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi mamalia) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="square"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primatologi" title="Primatologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Primatologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi primata)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rodentiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Rodentiologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rodentiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi rodentia)</span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleozoologi" title="Paleozoologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Paleozoologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoologi_perbandingan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Zoologi perbandingan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Zoologi perbandingan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul></ul><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu-ilmu berdasarkan hierarki organisasi</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo36; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_sel" title="Biologi sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biologi sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sel_molekular&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Biologi sel molekular (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biologi sel molekular</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo36; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomi" title="Anatomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Anatomi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomi_perbandingan" title="Anatomi perbandingan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Anatomi perbandingan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitologi" title="Sitologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sitologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu Sel)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histologi" title="Histologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Histologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu jaringan)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Organologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Organologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu organ) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="square"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonologi" title="Pulmonologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pulmonologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (paru-paru)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardiologi" title="Kardiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kardiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (jantung)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiologi" title="Radiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Radiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurologi" title="Neurologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Neurologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (saraf)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viscerologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Viscerologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Viscerologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfologi" title="Morfologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Morfologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (fisik luar) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="square"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pomologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Pomologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pomologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palinologi" title="Palinologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Palinologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul></ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo36; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fisiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (fungsi dalam tubuh) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patologi" title="Patologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Patologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onkologi" title="Onkologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Onkologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzimologi" title="Enzimologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Enzimologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imunologi" title="Imunologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Imunologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo36; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekofisiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekofisiologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekofisiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekologi_molekular&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekologi molekular (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekologi molekular</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limnologi" title="Limnologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Limnologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biologi_udara&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Biologi udara (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biologi udara</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseanografi" title="Oseanografi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Oseanografi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiologi" title="Epidemiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Epidemiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toksikologi" title="Toksikologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Toksikologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_kelautan" title="Biologi kelautan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biologi kelautan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul></ul><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu-ilmu berdasarkan aspek kehidupan</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_reproduksi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu reproduksi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu reproduksi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_perkembangan" title="Biologi perkembangan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biologi perkembangan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenologi" title="Fenologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fenologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filogeni" title="Filogeni"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Filogeni</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleontologi" title="Paleontologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Paleontologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, pewarisan sifat pada makhluk hidup </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Genetika_sel&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Genetika sel (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (sitogenetika)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika_molekular" title="Genetika molekular"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika molekular</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Genetika_Mendel&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Genetika Mendel (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika Mendel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika_populasi" title="Genetika populasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika populasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika_kuantitatif" title="Genetika kuantitatif"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika kuantitatif</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Genetika_perkembangan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Genetika perkembangan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika perkembangan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Genetika_evolusionar&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Genetika evolusionar (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika evolusionar</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fisiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fisiologi_perkembangan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Fisiologi perkembangan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fisiologi perkembangan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzimologi" title="Enzimologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Enzimologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imunologi" title="Imunologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Imunologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endokrinologi" title="Endokrinologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Endokrinologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fisiologi_molekular&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Fisiologi molekular (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fisiologi molekular</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Evolusi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etologi" title="Etologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Etologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu perilaku hewan)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_molekular" title="Biologi molekular"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biologi molekular</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cell_signalling&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Cell signalling (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cell signalling</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomika" title="Genomika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genomika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transkriptomika" title="Transkriptomika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Transkriptomika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteomika" title="Proteomika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Proteomika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolomika" title="Metabolomika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Metabolomika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Systems_Biology&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Systems Biology (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Systems Biology</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul></ul><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu-ilmu campuran dan terapan</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biokimia</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo38; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknik_bioproses" title="Teknik bioproses"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teknik biokimia</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofisika" title="Biofisika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biofisika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatika" title="Bioinformatika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bioinformatika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biostatistika" title="Biostatistika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biostatistika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">/Biometrika</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografi" title="Biogeografi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biogeografi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agronomi" title="Agronomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Agronomi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu_tanah" title="Ilmu tanah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu tanah</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitopatologi" title="Fitopatologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fitopatologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulma" title="Gulma"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">gulma</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hortikultura" title="Hortikultura"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hortikultura</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemuliaan" title="Pemuliaan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pemuliaan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Produksi_ternak&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Produksi ternak (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">produksi ternak</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kehutanan" title="Kehutanan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kehutanan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo38; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_budidaya_hutan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu budidaya hutan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu budidaya hutan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (agroforestri)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo38; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Konservasi_sumber_daya_alam&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Konservasi sumber daya alam (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Konservasi sumber daya alam</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perikanan" title="Perikanan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">perikanan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedokteran_hewan" title="Kedokteran hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kedokteran hewan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (veteriner)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedokteran" title="Kedokteran"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kedokteran</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu-ilmu yang dipelajari dalam kedokteran dicantumkan terpisah (lihat di bawah)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrobiologi" title="Astrobiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Astrobiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> / Eksobiologi</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioteknologi" title="Bioteknologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bioteknologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo38; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rekayasa_genetika" title="Rekayasa genetika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rekayasa genetika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo38; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teknologi_enzim&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Teknologi enzim (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teknologi enzim</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo38; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknik_bioproses" title="Teknik bioproses"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teknik bioproses</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_biologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sejarah biologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sejarah biologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu-ilmu yang dipelajari dalam bidang kedokteran/pengobatan/kesehatan</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patologi" title="Patologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Patologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_penyakit_dalam&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu penyakit dalam (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu penyakit dalam</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venereologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Venereologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Venereologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obstetri&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Obstetri (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Obstetri</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onkologi" title="Onkologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Onkologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_kedokteran_forensik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu kedokteran forensik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu kedokteran forensik</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_kedokteran_molekular&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu kedokteran molekular (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu kedokteran molekular</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_kedokteran_klinik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu kedokteran klinik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu kedokteran klinik</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_kedokteran_gigi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu kedokteran gigi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu kedokteran gigi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodonti" title="Periodonti"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Periodonti</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ortodonti&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ortodonti (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ortodonti</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nasofaringologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Nasofaringologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nasofaringologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginekologi" title="Ginekologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ginekologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perinatologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Perinatologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perinatologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiologi" title="Radiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Radiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontologi" title="Gerontologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gerontologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etika_kedokteran&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Etika kedokteran (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Etika kedokteran</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembagian Berdasarkan Kelompok Organisme</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Makhluk hidup atau organisme sangat beraneka ragam. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taksonomi" title="Taksonomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Taksonomi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> mempelajari bagaimana organisme dapat dikelompokkan berdasarkan kemiripan dan perbedaan yang dimiliki. Selanjutnya, berbagai kelompok itu dipelajari semua gatra kehidupannya, sehingga dikenallah ilmu biologi tumbuhan (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botani" title="Botani"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">botani</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), biologi hewan (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoologi" title="Zoologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">zoologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), biologi serangga (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entomologi" title="Entomologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">entomologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), dan seterusnya.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembagian berdasarkan organisasi kehidupan</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kehidupan berlangsung dalam hirarki yang terorganisasi. Hirarki organisme, dari yang terkecil hingga yang terbesar yang dipelajari dalam biologi, adalah sebagai berikut: </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel" title="Sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan" title="Jaringan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">jaringan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ" title="Organ"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">organ</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_organ" title="Sistem organ"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sistem organ</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individu" title="Individu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">individu</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populasi" title="Populasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">populasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunitas" title="Komunitas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">komunitas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau masyarakat;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ekosistem</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">; dan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioma" title="Bioma"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">bioma</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kajian-kajian subindividu mencakup </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_sel" title="Biologi sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomi" title="Anatomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">anatomi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan cabang-cabangnya (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitologi" title="Sitologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sitologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histologi" title="Histologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">histologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Organologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fisiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Pembagian lebih rinci juga mungkin terjadi. Misalnya, anatomi dapat dikhususkan pada setiap organ atau sistem (biasa terjadi dalam ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedokteran" title="Kedokteran"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kedokteran</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">): </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonologi" title="Pulmonologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">pulmonologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardiologi" title="Kardiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kardiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurologi" title="Neurologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">neurologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan sebagainya).</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tingkat supraindividu dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ekologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yang juga memiliki pengkhususan tersendiri, seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekofisiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekofisiologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ekofisiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau "fisiologi lingkungan", </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenologi" title="Fenologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fenologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, serta </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_perilaku&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu perilaku (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ilmu perilaku</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembagian berdasarkan interaksi</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hubungan antarunit kehidupan maupun antara unit kehidupan dan lingkungannya terjadi pada semua tingkat organisasi. Selain mempelajari kehidupan melalui berbagai tingkatan di atas, biologi juga mempelajari hal-hal berikut, melalui cabang ilmunya masing-masing:</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_perkembangan" title="Biologi perkembangan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">biologi perkembangan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (<i>developmental biology</i>): ilmu yang mempelajari tahap perkembangan makhluk hidup (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontogeni" title="Ontogeni"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ontogeni</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) dari telur yang dibuahi menjadi individu;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">genetika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: ilmu yang mempelajari pewarisan keturunan;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etologi" title="Etologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">etologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: ilmu yang mempelajari perilaku makhluk hidup;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistematika" title="Sistematika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sistematika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: ilmu yang mempelajari keanekaragaman organisme dan hubungannya dengan relasi tertentu;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ekologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: ilmu yang mempelajari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">habitat</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan interaksi makhluk hidup dengan lingkungannya;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">evolusi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: ilmu yang mempelajari perubahan yang terjadi pada makhluk hidup; dan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ksenobiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ksenobiologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ksenobiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: ilmu pengetahuan spekulatif tentang adanya makhluk hidup selain di bumi.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikologi" title="Mikologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mikologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : ilmu yang mempelajari mengenai cendawan/ jamur</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrobiologi" title="Mikrobiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mikrobiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : ilmu yang mempelajari makhluk-makhluk mikroskopis</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">bahkan terdapat sub ilmu biologi yang berkaitan dengan ilmu lain seperti biokimia dan biofisik, dimana ilmu biologi dilihat dari sudut pandang kimia dan fisika.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel (biologi)</span></h1><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Sel</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> merupakan unit organisasi terkecil yang menjadi dasar kehidupan dalam arti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologis</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Semua fungsi kehidupan diatur dan berlangsung di dalam sel. Oleh karena itu, sel dapat berfungsi secara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autonom&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Autonom (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">autonom</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> asalkan seluruh kebutuhan hidupnya terpenuhi.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Semua </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> selular terbagi ke dalam dua golongan besar berdasarkan arsitektur basal dari selnya, yaitu organisme </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokariota" title="Prokariota"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">prokariota</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan organisme </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukariota" title="Eukariota"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">eukariota</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Organisme prokariota tidak memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inti_sel" title="Inti sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">inti sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan mempunyai organisasi internal sel yang relatif lebih sederhana. Prokariota terbagi menjadi dua kelompok yang besar: </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eubakteria&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Eubakteria (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">eubakteria</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang meliputi hampir seluruh jenis </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteri" title="Bakteri"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bakteri</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">archaea</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, kelompok prokariota yang sangat mirip dengan bakteri dan berkembang-biak di lingkungan yang ekstrem seperti sumber air panas yang bersifat asam atau air yang mengandung kadar garam yang sangat tinggi. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genom" title="Genom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Genom</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> prokariota terdiri dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromosom" title="Kromosom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kromosom</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tunggal yang melingkar, tanpa organisasi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA" title="DNA"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">DNA</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Organisme eukariota memiliki organisasi intraselular yang jauh lebih kompleks, antara lain dengan membran internal, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organel" title="Organel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang memiliki membran tersendiri seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inti_sel" title="Inti sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">inti sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitoskeleton" title="Sitoskeleton"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sitoskeleton</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang sangat terstruktur. Sel eukariota memiliki beberapa kromosom linear di dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nuklei&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Nuklei (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">nuklei</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, di dalamnya terdapat sederet </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">molekul</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA" title="DNA"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">DNA</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang sangat panjang yang terbagi dalam paket-paket yang dipisahkan oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histon" title="Histon"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">histon</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein" title="Protein"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">protein</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang lain.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jika panjang DNA diberi notasi C dan jumlah kromosom dalam genom diberi notasi n, maka notasi 2nC menunjukkan genom sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diploid" title="Diploid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">diploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, 1nC menunjukkan genom sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" title="Haploid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">haploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, 3nC menunjukkan genom sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triploid" title="Triploid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">triploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, 4nC menunjukkan genom sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tetraploid&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tetraploid (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tetraploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">manusia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, C = 3,5 × 10<sup>-12</sup> g, dengan n = 23, sehingga genom manusia dirumuskan menjadi 2 x 23 x 3,5 × 10<sup>-12</sup>, karena sel eukariota manusia memiliki genom diploid.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sejenis sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diploid" title="Diploid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">diploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yaitu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_nutfah" title="Sel nutfah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel nutfah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dapat terdiferensiasi menjadi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_gamet" title="Sel gamet"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel gamet</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" title="Haploid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">haploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genom" title="Genom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Genom</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sel gamet pada manusia memiliki 23 kromosom, 22 diantaranya merupakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Otosom&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Otosom (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">otosom</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sisanya merupakan kromosom genital. Pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oosit" title="Oosit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">oosit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, kromosom genital senantiasa memiliki notasi X, sedangkan pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spermatosit&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Spermatosit (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">spermatosit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, kromosom dapat berupa X maupun Y. Setelah terjadi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertilisasi" title="Fertilisasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fertilisasi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> antara kedua sel gamet yang berbeda kromosom genitalnya, terbentuklah sebuah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigot" title="Zigot"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">zigot</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> diploid. Notasi genom yang digunakan untuk zigot adalah 46,XX atau 46,XY.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada umumnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_somatik" title="Sel somatik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel somatik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> merupakan sel diploid, namun terdapat beberapa perkecualian, antara lain: </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_darah_merah" title="Sel darah merah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel darah merah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keratinosit&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Keratinosit (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">keratinosit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> memiliki genom </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nuliploid&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Nuliploid (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">nuliploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Hepatosit bergenom </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tetraploid&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tetraploid (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tetraploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> 4nC, sedang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Megakariosit&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Megakariosit (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">megakariosit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumsum_tulang_belakang" title="Sumsum tulang belakang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sumsum tulang belakang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> memiliki genom poliploid hingga 8nC, 16nC atau 32nC dan dapat melakukan proliferasi hingga menghasilkan ribuan sel nuliploid. Banyaknya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploidi" title="Ploidi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ploidi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pada sel terjadi sebagai akibat dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replikasi" title="Replikasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">replikasi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA" title="DNA"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">DNA</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang tidak disertai pembelahan sel, yang lazim disebut sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endomitosis&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Endomitosis (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">endomitosis</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Sel_tumbuhan.png"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="180" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.gif" width="238" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sel selaput penyusun umbi bawang bombay (<i>Allium cepa</i>). Tampak dinding sel dan inti sel (berupa noktah di dalam setiap 'ruang'). Perbesaran 400 kali.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sejarah penemuan sel</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Robert Hooke</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada awalnya sel digambarkan pada tahun </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1665" title="1665"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">1665</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> oleh seorang ilmuwan Inggris </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Robert Hooke</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang telah meneliti irisan tipis </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabus" title="Gabus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">gabus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> melalui </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroskop" title="Mikroskop"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">mikroskop</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang dirancangnya sendiri. Kata <i>sel</i> berasal dari kata </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bahasa Latin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> cellula yang berarti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rongga&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Rongga (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">rongga</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">/ruangan.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada tahun 1835, sebelum teori Sel merupakan unit organisasi terkecil yang menjadi dasar kehidupan dalam arti biologis. Semua fungsi kehidupan diatur dan berlangsung di dalam sel. Karena itulah, sel dapat berfungsi secara autonom asalkan seluruh kebutuhan hidupnya terpenuhi.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Semua organisme selular terbagi ke dalam dua golongan besar berdasarkan arsitektur basal dari selnya, yaitu organisme prokariota dan organisme eukariota.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Organisme prokariota tidak memiliki inti sel dan mempunyai organisasi internal sel yang relatif lebih sederhana. Prokariota terbagi menjadi dua kelompok yang besar: eubakteria yang meliputi hampir seluruh jenis bakteri, dan archaea, kelompok prokariota yang sangat mirip dengan bakteri dan berkembang-biak di lingkungan yang ekstrem seperti sumber air panas yang bersifat asam atau air yang mengandung kadar garam yang sangat tinggi. Genom prokariota terdiri dari kromosom tunggal yang melingkar, tanpa organisasi DNA.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Organisme eukariota memiliki organisasi intraselular yang jauh lebih kompleks, antara lain dengan membran internal, organel yang memiliki membran tersendiri seperti inti sel dan sitoskeleton yang sangat terstruktur. Sel eukariota memiliki beberapa kromosom linear di dalam nuklei, di dalamnya terdapat sederet molekul DNA yang sangat panjang yang terbagi dalam paket-paket yang dipisahkan oleh histon dan protein yang lain.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jika panjang DNA diberi notasi C dan jumlah kromosom dalam genom diberi notasi n, maka notasi 2nC menunjukkan genom sel diploid, 1nC menunjukkan genom sel haploid, 3nC menunjukkan genom sel triploid, 4nC menunjukkan genom sel tetraploid. Pada manusia, C = 3,5 × 10-12 g, dengan n = 23, sehingga genom manusia dirumuskan menjadi 2 x 23 x 3,5 × 10-12, karena sel eukariota manusia memiliki genom diploid.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sejenis sel diploid yaitu sel nutfah dapat terdiferensiasi menjadi sel gamet haploid. Genom sel gamet pada manusia memiliki 23 kromosom, 22 diantaranya merupakan otosom, sisanya merupakan kromosom genital. Pada oosit, kromosom genital senantiasa memiliki notasi X, sedangkan pada spermatosit, kromosom dapat berupa X maupun Y. Setelah terjadi fertilisasi antara kedua sel gamet yang berbeda kromosom genitalnya, terbentuklah sebuah zigot diploid. Notasi genom yang digunakan untuk zigot adalah 46,XX atau 46,XY.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada umumnya sel somatik merupakan sel diploid, namun terdapat beberapa perkecualian, antara lain: sel darah merah dan keratinosit memiliki genom nuliploid. Hepatosit bergenom tetraploid 4nC, sedang megakariosit pada sumsum tulang belakang memiliki genom poliploid hingga 8nC, 16nC atau 32nC dan dapat melakukan proliferasi hingga menghasilkan ribuan sel nuliploid. Banyaknya ploidi pada sel terjadi sebagai akibat dari replikasi DNA yang tidak disertai pembelahan sel, yang lazim disebut sebagai endomitosis. sel menjadi lengkap, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Evangelista_Purkyn%C4%9B" title="Jan Evangelista Purkyně"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Jan Evangelista Purkyně</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> melakukan pengamatan terhadap </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Granula&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Granula (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">granula</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pada tanaman melalui mikroskop. Teori sel kemudian dikembangkan pada tahun 1839 oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Matthias_Jakob_Schleiden&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Matthias Jakob Schleiden (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Matthias Jakob Schleiden</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theodor_Schwann&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Theodor Schwann (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Theodor Schwann</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang mengatakan bahwa semua </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhluk_hidup" title="Makhluk hidup"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">makhluk hidup</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tersusun dari satu sel tunggal, yang disebut uniselular, atau lebih, yang disebut multiselular. Semua sel berasal dari sel yang telah ada sebelumnya, di dalam sel terjadi fungsi-fungsi vital demi kelangsungan hidup organisme dan terdapat informasi mengenai regulasi fungsi tersebut yang dapat diteruskan pada generasi sel berikutnya.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Struktur sel dan fungsi-fungsinya secara menakjubkan hampir serupa untuk semua organisme, namun jalur </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">evolusi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang ditempuh oleh masing-masing golongan besar organisme (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnum" title="Regnum"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Regnum</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) juga memiliki kekhususan sendiri-sendiri. Sel-sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokariota" title="Prokariota"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">prokariota</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> beradaptasi dengan kehidupan uniselular sedangkan sel-sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukariota" title="Eukariota"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">eukariota</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> beradaptasi untuk hidup saling bekerja sama dalam organisasi yang sangat rapi.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perkembangan sel</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Di dalam tubuh manusia, telah dikenali sekitar 210 jenis sel. Sebagaimana organisme multiselular lainnya, kehidupan manusia juga dimulai dari sebuah sel embrio diploid hasil dari fusi haploid </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oosit" title="Oosit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">oosit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spermatosit&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Spermatosit (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">spermatosit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang kemudian mengalami serangkaian mitosis. Pada tahap awal, sel-sel embrio bersifat </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Totipoten&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Totipoten (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">totipoten</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, setiap sel memiliki kapasitas untuk terdiferensiasi menjadi salah satu dari seluruh jenis sel tubuh. Selang berjalannya tahap perkembangan, kapasitas diferensiasi menjadi menurun menjadi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pluripoten&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Pluripoten (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">pluripoten</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, hingga menjadi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_progenitor" title="Sel progenitor"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel progenitor</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang hanya memiliki kapasitas untuk terdiferensiasi menjadi satu jenis sel saja, dengan kapasitas </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unipoten&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Unipoten (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">unipoten</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada level molekular, perkembangan sel dikendalikan melalui suatu proses pembelahan sel, diferensiasi sel, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morfogenesis&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Morfogenesis (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">morfogenesis</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis" title="Apoptosis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">apoptosis</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Tiap proses, pada awalnya, diaktivasi secara genetik, sebelum sel tersebut dapat menerima sinyal </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen" title="Mitogen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">mitogenik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dari lingkungan di luar sel.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Proses pembelahan sel</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siklus_sel" title="Siklus sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Siklus sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah proses duplikasi secara akurat untuk menghasilkan jumlah DNA kromosom yang cukup banyak dan mendukung segregasi untuk menghasilkan dua sel anakan yang identik secara genetik. Proses ini berlangsung terus-menerus dan berulang (siklik)</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sel tidak lepas dari siklus kehidupan yang dialami sel untuk tetap bertahan hidup. Siklus ini mengatur pertumbuhan sel dengan meregulasi waktu pembelahan dan mengatur perkembangan sel dengan mengatur jumlah ekspresi atau translasi gen pada masing-masing sel yang menentukan diferensiasinya.</span></div><h5 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></h5><h5 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fase pada siklus sel</span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></h5><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa S (sintesis): Tahap terjadinya replikasi DNA</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa M (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitosis" title="Mitosis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mitosis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">): Tahap terjadinya pembelahan sel (baik pembelahan biner atau pembentukan tunas)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa G (gap): Tahap pertumbuhan bagi sel. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa G<sub>0</sub>, sel yang baru saja mengalami pembelahan berada dalam keadaan diam atau sel tidak melakukan pertumbuhan maupun perkembangan. Kondisi ini sangat bergantung pada sinyal atau rangsangan baik dari luar atau dalam sel. Umum terjadi dan beberapa tidak melanjutkan pertumbuhan (dorman) dan mati.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa G<sub>1</sub>, sel eukariot mendapatkan sinyal untuk tumbuh, antara sitokinesis dan sintesis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa G<sub>2</sub>, pertumbuhan sel eukariot antara sintesis dan mitosis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa tersebut berlangsung dengan urutan S > G<sub>2</sub> > M > G<sub>0</sub> > G<sub>1</sub> > kembali ke S. Dalam konteks Mitosis, fase G dan S disebut sebagai Interfase.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Diferensiasi sel</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Regenerasi_sel&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Regenerasi sel (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Regenerasi sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah proses pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sel yang bertujuan untuk mengisi ruang tertentu pada jaringan atau memperbaiki bagian yang rusak.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diferensiasi_sel&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Diferensiasi sel (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Diferensiasi sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah proses pematangan suatu sel menjadi sel yang spesifik dan fungsional, terletak pada posisi tertentu di dalam jaringan, dan mendukung fisiologis hewan. Misalnya, sebuah <i>stem cell</i> mampu berdiferensiasi menjadi sel kulit.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Saat sebuah sel tunggal, yaitu sel yang telah dibuahi, mengalami pembelahan berulang kali dan menghasilkan pola akhir dengan keakuratan dan kompleksitas yang spektakuler, sel itu telah mengalami regenerasi dan diferensiasi.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regenerasi" title="Regenerasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Regenerasi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan diferensiasi sel hewan ditentukan oleh genom. Genom yang identik terdapat pada setiap sel, namun mengekspresikan set gen yang berbeda, bergantung pada jumlah gen yang diekspresikan. Misalnya, pada sel retina mata, tentu gen penyandi karakteristik penangkap cahaya terdapat dalam jumlah yang jauh lebih banyak daripada ekspresi gen indera lainnya.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Morfogenesis</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengekspresian gen itu sendiri memengaruhi jumlah sel, jenis sel, interaksi sel, bahkan lokasi sel. Oleh karena itu, sel hewan memiliki 4 proses esensial pengkonstruksian embrio yang diatur oleh ekspresi gen, sebagai berikut:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Proliferasi sel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menghasilkan banyak sel dari satu sel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Spesialisasi sel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menciptakan sel dengan karakteristik berbeda pada posisi yang berbeda</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Interaksi sel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mengkoordinasi perilaku sebuah sel dengan sel tetangganya</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pergerakan sel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menyusun sel untuk membentuk struktur jaringan dan organ</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada embrio yang berkembang, keempat proses ini berlangsung bersamaan. Tidak ada badan pengatur khusus untuk proses ini. Setiap sel dari jutaan sel embrio harus membuat keputusannya masing-masing, menurut jumlah kopi instruksi genetik dan kondisi khusus masing-masing sel.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel tubuh, seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otot" title="Otot"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">otot</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraf" title="Saraf"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">saraf</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dsb. tetap mempertahankan karakteristik karena masih mengingat sinyal yang diberikan oleh nenek moyangnya saat awal perkembangan embrio.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apoptosis</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apoptosis merupakan bagian dari perkembangan sel, sel tidak dapat mati begitu saja tanpa suatu mekanisme yang tertanam di dalam sel, yang dapat diaktivasi oleh sinyal internal maupun eksternal.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">[</span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sel_%28biologi%29&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Struktur sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">sunting</span></a><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">]</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> <span class="mw-headline">Struktur sel</span></span></h2><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">[</span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sel_%28biologi%29&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Sel eukariota"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">sunting</span></a><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">]</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> <span class="mw-headline">Sel eukariota</span></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara umum setiap sel memiliki</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membran_sel" title="Membran sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">membran sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">,</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitoplasma" title="Sitoplasma"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sitoplasma</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inti_sel" title="Inti sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">inti sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau nukleus.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sitoplasma dan inti sel bersama-sama disebut sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protoplasma&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Protoplasma (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">protoplasma</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Sitoplasma berwujud cairan kental (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitosol" title="Sitosol"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sitosol</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) yang di dalamnya terdapat berbagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organel" title="Organel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang memiliki fungsi yang terorganisasi untuk mendukung kehidupan sel. Organel memiliki struktur terpisah dari sitosol dan merupakan "kompartementasi" di dalam sel, sehingga memungkinkan terjadinya reaksi yang tidak mungkin berlangsung di sitosol. Sitoplasma juga didukung oleh jaringan kerangka yang mendukung bentuk sitoplasma sehingga tidak mudah berubah bentuk.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Organel-organel yang ditemukan pada sitoplasma adalah</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitokondria" title="Mitokondria"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mitokondria</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (kondriosom)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Golgi" title="Badan Golgi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">badan Golgi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (diktiosom)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retikulum_endoplasma" title="Retikulum endoplasma"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">retikulum endoplasma</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastida" title="Plastida"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">plastida</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (khusus tumbuhan, mencakup </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukoplas" title="Leukoplas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">leukoplas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloroplas" title="Kloroplas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kloroplas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromoplas" title="Kromoplas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kromoplas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakuola" title="Vakuola"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vakuola</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (khusus tumbuhan)</span></li>
</ul><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel prokariota</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel tumbuhan dan sel bakteri memiliki lapisan di luar membran yang dikenal sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinding_sel" title="Dinding sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">dinding sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Dinding sel bersifat tidak elastis dan membatasi perubahan ukuran sel. Keberadaan dinding sel juga menyebabkan terbentuknya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruang_antarsel&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ruang antarsel (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ruang antarsel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yang pada tumbuhan menjadi bagian penting dari transportasi hara dan mineral di dalam tubuh tumbuhan.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tumbuhan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteri" title="Bakteri"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bakteri</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> mempunyai beberapa perbedaan seperti berikut:</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableLightGridAccent2" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1;"> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 2.25pt; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 247.5pt;" valign="top" width="330"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sel tumbuhan</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 247.5pt;" valign="top" width="330"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sel hewan</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 247.5pt;" valign="top" width="330"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sel bakteri</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"></span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sel tumbuhan lebih besar daripada sel hewan.</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel hewan lebih kecil daripada sel tumbuhan.</span></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel bakteri sangat kecil.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Mempunyai bentuk yang tetap.</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak mempunyai bentuk yang tetap.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mempunyai bentuk yang tetap.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Mempunyai </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinding_sel" title="Dinding sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dinding sel</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"> [<i>cell wall</i>] dari </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selulosa" title="Selulosa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">selulosa</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">.</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinding_sel" title="Dinding sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dinding sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> [<i>cell wall</i>].</span></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinding_sel" title="Dinding sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dinding sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> [<i>cell wall</i>] dari lipoprotein.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Mempunyai </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastida" title="Plastida"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">plastida</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">.</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastida" title="Plastida"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">plastida</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastida" title="Plastida"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">plastida</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Mempunyai </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakuola" title="Vakuola"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vakuola</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"> [<i>vacuole</i>] atau rongga sel yang besar.</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakuola" title="Vakuola"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vakuola</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> [<i>vacuole</i>], walaupun kadang-kadang sel beberapa hewan uniseluler memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakuola" title="Vakuola"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vakuola</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (tapi tidak sebesar yang dimiliki tumbuhan). Yang biasa dimiliki hewan adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesikel" title="Vesikel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vesikel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau [<i>vesicle</i>].</span></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakuola" title="Vakuola"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vakuola</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Menyimpan tenaga dalam bentuk butiran (granul) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pati" title="Pati"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pati</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">.</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menyimpan tenaga dalam bentuk butiran (granul) </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glikogen" title="Glikogen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">glikogen</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tidak Mempunyai </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentrosom" title="Sentrosom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sentrosom</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"> [<i>centrosome</i>].</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentrosom" title="Sentrosom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sentrosom</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> [<i>centrosome</i>].</span></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak Mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentrosom" title="Sentrosom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sentrosom</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> [<i>centrosome</i>].</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tidak memiliki </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisosom" title="Lisosom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">lisosom</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"> [<i>lysosome</i>].</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisosom" title="Lisosom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">lisosom</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> [<i>lysosome</i>].</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Nukleus lebih kecil daripada vakuola.</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nukleus lebih besar daripada vesikel.</span></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak memiliki nukleus dalam arti sebenarnya.</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perbedaan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sel hewan dan tanaman</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara umum, perbedaan tersebut dapat dinyatakan sebagai berikut:</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableLightGridAccent3" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1;"> <td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 2.25pt; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Hewan</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tumbuhan</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"></span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Terdapat sentriol</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak ada sentriol</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tidak ada pembentukan dinding sel</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Terdapat sitokinesis dan pembentukan dinding sel</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Ada kutub animal dan vegetal</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak ada perbedaan kutub embriogenik, yang ada semacam epigeal dan hipogeal</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Jaringan sel hewan bergerak menjadi bentuk yang berbeda</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan sel tumbuhan tumbuh menjadi bentuk yang berbeda</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Terdapat proses gastrulasi</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Terdapat proses histodiferensiasi</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tidak terdapat jaringan embrionik seumur hidup</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Meristem sebagai jaringan embrionik seumur hidup</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Terdapat batasan pertumbuhan (ukuran tubuh)</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak ada batasan pertumbuhan, kecuali kemampuan akar dalam hal menopang berat tubuh bagian atas</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Apoptosis untuk perkembangan jaringan, melibatkan mitokondria dan caspase</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak ada "Apoptosis", yang ada lebih ke arah proteksi diri, tidak melibatkan mitokondria</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel-sel khusus</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel Tidak Berinti, contohnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trombosit" title="Trombosit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">trombosit</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrosit" title="Eritrosit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">eritrosit</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (Sel darah merah). Di dalam sel darah merah, terdapat </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobin" title="Hemoglobin"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">hemoglobin</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sebagai pengganti nukleus (inti sel).</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel Berinti Banyak, contohnya <i>Paramecium sp</i> dan sel otot</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel hewan berklorofil, contohnya euglena sp. Euglena sp adalah hewan uniseluler berklorofil.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel pendukung, contohnya adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sel_xilem&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sel xilem (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sel xilem</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Sel xilem akan mati dan meninggalkan dinding sel sebagai "tulang" dan saluran air. Kedua ini sangatlah membantu dalam proses transpirasi pada tumbuhan.</span></li>
</ul><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan</span></h1><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Jaringan</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah sekumpulan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel" title="Sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang memiliki bentuk dan fungsi yang sama. Jaringan-jaringan yang berbeda dapat bekerja sama untuk suatu fungsi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fisiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang sama membentuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ" title="Organ"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organ</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Jaringan dipelajari dalam cabang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang dinamakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histologi" title="Histologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">histologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sedangkan cabang biologi yang mempelajari berubahnya bentuk dan fungsi jaringan dalam hubungannya dengan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyakit" title="Penyakit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">penyakit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histopatologi" title="Histopatologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">histopatologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan dimiliki oleh organisme yang telah memiliki pembagian tugas untuk setiap kelompok sel-selnya. Organisme ber</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talus" title="Talus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">talus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alga" title="Alga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">alga</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> ("ganggang") dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fungi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> ("jamur"), tidak memiliki perbedaan jaringan, meskipun mereka dapat membentuk struktur-struktur khas mirip organ, seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tubuh_buah&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tubuh buah (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tubuh buah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sporofor&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sporofor (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sporofor</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan_lumut" title="Tumbuhan lumut"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tumbuhan lumut</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dapat dikatakan telah memiliki jaringan yang jelas, meskipun ia belum memiliki jaringan pembuluh yang jelas.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan hewan (termasuk manusia)</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ada empat kelompok jaringan dasar yang membentuk tubuh semua </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, termasuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">manusia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan organisme </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel" title="Sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">multiseluler</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tingkat rendah seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artropoda" title="Artropoda"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">artropoda</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: jaringan epitelium, jaringan pengikat, jaringan penyokong, dan jaringan saraf.</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitelium" title="Epitelium"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">epitelium</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan yang disusun oleh lapisan sel yang melapisi permukaan organ seperti permukaan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulit" title="Kulit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kulit</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Jaringan ini berfungsi untuk melindungi organ yang dilapisinya, sebagai organ </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekresi" title="Sekresi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sekresi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan penyerapan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan epitel terdiri dari 3 macam:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1. Eksotelium: epitel yang membungkus bagian luar tubuh</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2. Endotelium: epitel yang melapisi organ dalam tubuh</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3. Mesotelium: epitel yang membatasi rongga tubuh</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fungsi jaringan epitelium yakni:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a. Absorpsi, misalnya pada usus yang menyerap sari-sari makanan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b. Sekresi, contohnya testis yang mensekresikan sperma</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">c. Ekskresi, kulit yang mengeluarkan keringat</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">d. Transportasi, mengatur tekanan osmosis dalam tubuh</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">e. Proteksi, kulit melindungi jaringan tubuh di bawahnya</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">f. Penerima rangsang, kulit yang menanggapi rangsang dari luar</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">g. Pernapasan, kulit katak berfungsi sebagai alat pernapasan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">h. Alat gerak, selaput kaki pada kulit katak membantu dalam pergerakan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">g. Mengatur suhu tubuh, kulit mengatur suhu tubuh dengan mengeluarkan keringat jika tubuh kepanasan</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan pengikat.</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sesuai namanya, jaringan pengikat berfungsi untuk mengikat jaringan dan alat tubuh. Contoh jaringan ini adalah jaringan darah.</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan otot.</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan otot terbagi atas tiga kategori yang berbeda yaitu otot licin yang dapat ditemukan di organ tubuh bagian dalam, otot lurik yang dapat ditemukan pada rangka tubuh, dan otot jantung yang dapat ditemukan di jantung.</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan saraf.</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">adalah jaringan yang berfungsi untuk mengatur aktivitas otot dan organ serta menerima dan meneruskan rangsangan.</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan penyokong</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">adalah jaringan yang terdiri dari jaringan tulang rawan dan jaringan tulang yang berfungsi untuk memberi bentuk tubuh,melindungi tubuh,dan menguatkan bentuk tubuh</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan tumbuhan</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tumbuhan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> relatif lebih homogen daripada jaringan hewan. Tumbuhan tidak memiliki kemampuan lokomosi (berpindah)/bergerak secara aktif sebagaimana hewan. Meskipun demikian, banyak sel-sel baru terbentuk untuk berbagai jaringan sebagai kompensasi banyaknya sel-sel yang mati, yang menjadi pasif karena berperan sebagai sel-sel penyimpan cadangan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energi" title="Energi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">energi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (misalnya pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buah" title="Buah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">buah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbi" title="Umbi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">umbi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolit_sekunder" title="Metabolit sekunder"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">metabolit sekunder</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan untuk mengisi jaringan baru karena tumbuhan selalu bertambah massanya, khususnya bagi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan_tahunan" title="Tumbuhan tahunan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tumbuhan tahunan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Jaringan yang aktif memperbanyak diri dan tidak memiliki fungsi khusus disebut <i>jaringan meristematik</i>, sementara jaringan yang telah mantap dengan fungsinya disebut <i>jaringan tetap</i>/<i>permanen</i>.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan meristematik</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan meristematik terdiri dari sel-sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meristem" title="Meristem"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">meristem</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, suatu analog dari sel-</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_punca" title="Sel punca"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel punca</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (<i>stem cells</i>) hewan. Jaringan ini dapat ditemukan pada titik-</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Titik_tumbuh&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Titik tumbuh (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">titik tumbuh</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> di ujung </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batang" title="Batang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">batang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akar" title="Akar"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">akar</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (disebut meristem pucuk/ujung/apikal), di bawah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulit_kayu" title="Kulit kayu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kulit kayu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambium" title="Kambium"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kambium</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> gabus maupun kambium pembuluh, disebut meristem tepi/lateral), dan di tepi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruas&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ruas (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ruas</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buku_%28tumbuhan%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Buku (tumbuhan) (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">buku</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, serta pada pangkal tangkai daun (meristem antara/interkalar). Jaringan ini, terutama meristem ujung, mudah diinduksi untuk diperbanyak secara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vitro" title="In vitro"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">in vitro</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jargon" title="Jargon"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jargon</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultur_jaringan" title="Kultur jaringan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kultur jaringan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sel-sel ini dikatakan bersifat <i>embrionik</i> ("dapat membentuk embrio"). Jaringan meristematik juga terbentuk apabila ada bagian tumbuhan yang terbuka, misalnya karena terluka. Mobilisasi beberapa </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitohormon" title="Fitohormon"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fitohormon</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, biasanya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auksin" title="Auksin"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">auksin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sitokinin&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sitokinin (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sitokinin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, akan memicu terbentuknya sel-sel meristem yang membentuk semacam jaringan tidak terdiferensiasi yang disebut </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalus" title="Kalus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kalus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan permanen</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan permanen dikategorikan menjadi tiga kelompok utama: </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epidermis&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Epidermis (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">epidermis</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (jaringan pelindung, terdiri dari sel-sel yang menyusun lapisan luar </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daun" title="Daun"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">daun</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan bagian-bagian tumbuhan yang masih muda), </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_pengangkut" title="Jaringan pengangkut"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jaringan pengangkut</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (menyusun </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xilem" title="Xilem"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">xilem</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floem" title="Floem"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">floem</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_dasar" title="Jaringan dasar"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jaringan dasar</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (mencakup parenkim, klorenkim, kolenkim, dan sklerenkim).</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Epidermis melindungi bagian dalam organ sehingga tidak bersentuhan langsung dengan pengaruh keadaan di luar organ. Epidermis dapat dilindungi oleh lapisan tipis di bagian luar yang dikenal sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutikula" title="Kutikula"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kutikula</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Dapat juga ditemukan lapisan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malam_%28zat%29" title="Malam (zat)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">malam</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (<i>wax</i>). Sel-sel epidermis biasanya berbentuk segi empat apabila dilihat dari samping, berjajar homogen. Namun demikian, epidermis dapat mengalami perubahan menjadi sel-sel penutup atau sel penjaga </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stomata&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Stomata (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">stomata</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> beserta beberapa sel tetangga, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trikoma&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Trikoma (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">trikoma</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (miang atau rambut daun/batang), </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duri" title="Duri"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">duri</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, serta </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rambut_kelenjar&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Rambut kelenjar (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">rambut kelenjar</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan pengangkut dimiliki oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan_berpembuluh&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tumbuhan berpembuluh (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tumbuhan berpembuluh</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (Tracheophyta). </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnospermae" title="Gymnospermae"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Gymnospermae</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> memiliki jaringan trakeida, serabut trakeida, dan parenkim kayu sebagai penyusun xilem. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiospermae" title="Angiospermae"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Angiospermae</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> memiliki tambahan jaringan trakea selain jaringan yang dimiliki Gymnospermae. Floem (pembuluh tapis) tersusun dari jaringan buluh tapis dan sel-sel pengiring.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan dasar menyusun sebagian besar tubuh tumbuhan (biomassa). Kelompok jaringan ini memiliki banyak fungsi tergantung tempat ia berada. Seringkali ia mengisi bagian terbesar dari suatu organ, menyusun daging buah, kulit batang, isi umbi atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimpang" title="Rimpang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">rimpang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang menyimpan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pati" title="Pati"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">pati</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau metabolit sekunder tertentu (seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">alkaloid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpenoid" title="Terpenoid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">terpenoid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">). Jaringan ini juga dapat mengalami kematian dengan mengosongkan isi sel-selnya untuk membentuk struktur berongga (aerenkim) seperti ruang dalam gelembung pada tangkai daun </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eceng_gondok" title="Eceng gondok"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">eceng gondok</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau rongga dalam buluh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bambu" title="Bambu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bambu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem organ</span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Sistem Organ</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> merupakan bentuk kerjasama antar organ untuk melakukan fungsi - fungsi yang lebih kompleks lagi sehingga proses yang berlangsung di dalam tubuh suatu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dapat berjalan dengan baik sesuai aktivitas hidup </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang bersangkutan. Dalam melaksanakan kerja sama ini, setiap organ tidak bekerja sendiri-sendiri, melainkan organ - organ saling bergantung dan saling memengaruhi satu sama lainnya. Contoh sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ" title="Organ"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">organ</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pada hewan dan manusia antara lain sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pernapasan" title="Pernapasan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pernapasan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencernaan" title="Pencernaan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pencernaan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerak" title="Gerak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">gerak</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproduksi" title="Reproduksi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">reproduksi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peredaran_darah&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Peredaran darah (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">peredaran darah</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraf" title="Saraf"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">saraf</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekskresi" title="Ekskresi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ekskresi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Individu</span></h1><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Individu</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> merupakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit" title="Unit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">unit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> terkecil pembentuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masyarakat" title="Masyarakat"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">masyarakat</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu_sosial" title="Ilmu sosial"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ilmu sosial</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, individu berarti juga bagian terkecil dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelompok" title="Kelompok"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kelompok</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> masyarakat yang tidak dapat dipisah lagi menjadi bagian yang lebih kecil.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Sebagai contoh, suatu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keluarga" title="Keluarga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">keluarga</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> terdiri dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayah" title="Ayah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ayah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibu" title="Ibu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ibu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anak" title="Anak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">anak</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Ayah merupakan individu dalam kelompok sosial tersebut, yang sudah tidak dapat dibagi lagi ke dalam satuan yang lebih kecil. </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada dasarnya, setiap individu memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ciri&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ciri (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ciri</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-ciri yang berbeda.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[2]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Individu yang saling bergabung akan membentuk kelompok atau masyarakat.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[2]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Individu tersebut akan memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karakteristik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Karakteristik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">karakteristik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang sama dengan kelompok dimana dirinya bergabung.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Populasi</span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Populasi adalah kumpulan individu sejenis yang berada pada wilayah tertentu dan pada waktu yang tertentu pula.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
Kata <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">populasi</span> (dari bahasa Inggris: Population) dipakai untuk hal-hal berikut:</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam bidang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografi" title="Geografi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">geografi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> / </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demografi" title="Demografi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">demografi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, sebagai sinonim bagi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penduduk" title="Penduduk"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">penduduk</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam bidang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">biologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populasi_%28biologi%29" title="Populasi (biologi)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">populasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah sekumpulan individu dengan ciri-ciri sama (satu spesies yang sama) yang hidup dalam tempat dan waktu yang sama.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam bidang statistika, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populasi_%28statistika%29" title="Populasi (statistika)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">populasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah sekumpulan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data" title="Data"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">data</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang menjadi objek </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistika_inferensia" title="Statistika inferensia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">inferensi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span></li>
</ul><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Komunitas</span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Komunitas</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah sebuah kelompok </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosial" title="Sosial"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sosial</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dari beberapa </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang berbagi lingkungan, umumnya memiliki ketertarikan dan habitat yang sama. Dalam komunitas </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">manusia</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, individu-individu di dalamnya dapat memiliki maksud, kepercayaan, sumber daya, preferensi, kebutuhan, risiko dan sejumlah kondisi lain yang serupa. Komunitas berasal dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">bahasa Latin</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <i>communitas</i> yang berarti "kesamaan", kemudian dapat diturunkan dari <i>communis</i> yang berarti "sama, publik, dibagi oleh semua atau banyak".</span></div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem</span></h1><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Ekosistem</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah suatu sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ekologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang terbentuk oleh hubungan timbal balik tak terpisahkan antara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhluk_hidup" title="Makhluk hidup"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">makhluk hidup</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dengan lingkungannya.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Ekosistem bisa dikatakan juga suatu tatanan kesatuan secara utuh dan menyeluruh antara segenap unsur lingkungan hidup yang saling memengaruhi.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem merupakan penggabungan dari setiap unit </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biosistem&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Biosistem (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biosistem</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang melibatkan interaksi timbal balik antara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan lingkungan fisik sehingga aliran energi menuju kepada suatu struktur </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotik" title="Biotik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biotik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tertentu dan terjadi suatu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siklus_materi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Siklus materi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">siklus materi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> antara organisme dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anorganisme&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Anorganisme (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">anorganisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Matahari sebagai sumber dari semua energi yang ada. </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam ekosistem, organisme dalam komunitas berkembang bersama-sama dengan lingkungan fisik sebagai suatu sistem.</span> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Organisme akan beradaptasi dengan lingkungan fisik, sebaliknya organisme juga memengaruhi lingkungan fisik untuk keperluan hidup. Pengertian ini didasarkan pada Hipotesis Gaia, yaitu: "organisme, khususnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroorganisme" title="Mikroorganisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">mikroorganisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, bersama-sama dengan lingkungan fisik menghasilkan suatu sistem kontrol yang menjaga keadaan di bumi cocok untuk kehidupan". Hal ini mengarah pada kenyataan bahwa kandungan kimia </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfer" title="Atmosfer"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">atmosfer</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bumi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sangat terkendali dan sangat berbeda dengan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet" title="Planet"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">planet</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> lain dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_surya" title="Tata surya"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tata surya</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kehadiran, kelimpahan dan penyebaran suatu spesies dalam ekosistem ditentukan oleh tingkat ketersediaan sumber daya serta kondisi faktor kimiawi dan fisis yang harus berada dalam kisaran yang dapat ditoleransi oleh spesies tersebut, inilah yang disebut dengan hukum toleransi.</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Misalnya: Panda memiliki toleransi yang luas terhadap suhu, namun memiliki toleransi yang sempit terhadap makanannya, yaitu bambu. Dengan demikian, panda dapat hidup di ekosistem dengan kondisi apapun asalkan dalam ekosistem tersebut terdapat bambu sebagai sumber makanannya. Berbeda dengan makhluk hidup yang lain, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">manusia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dapat memperlebar kisaran toleransinya karena kemampuannya untuk berpikir, mengembangkan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknologi" title="Teknologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">teknologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan memanipulasi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alam" title="Alam"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">alam</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Wild_zebra_on_Kenya_countryside.jpg&filetimestamp=20050729174924"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="228" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.gif" width="308" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ekosistem padang rumput adalah contoh ekosistem terestrial</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Komponen pembentuk</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Komponen-komponen pembentuk ekosistem adalah:</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Abiotik</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Abiotik atau komponen tak hidup adalah komponen </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisik" title="Fisik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fisik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kimia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang merupakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium" title="Medium"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">medium</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substrat" title="Substrat"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">substrat</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tempat berlangsungnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kehidupan" title="Kehidupan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kehidupan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingkungan" title="Lingkungan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">lingkungan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tempat hidup.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[4]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Sebagian besar komponen abiotik bervariasi dalam ruang dan waktunya.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[2]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Komponen abiotik dapat berupa bahan organik, senyawa anorganik, dan faktor yang memengaruhi distribusi organisme, yaitu</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[2]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhu" title="Suhu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Suhu</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Proses biologi dipengaruhi suhu. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mamalia</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unggas" title="Unggas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">unggas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> membutuhkan energi untuk meregulasi temperatur dalam tubuhnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air" title="Air"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Air</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Ketersediaan air memengaruhi distribusi organisme. Organisme di gurun beradaptasi terhadap ketersediaan air di gurun.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garam" title="Garam"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Garam</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Konsentrasi garam memengaruhi kesetimbangan air dalam organisme melalui </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosis" title="Osmosis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">osmosis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Beberapa organisme </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terestrial" title="Terestrial"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">terestrial</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> beradaptasi dengan lingkungan dengan kandungan garam tinggi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahaya_matahari" title="Cahaya matahari"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cahaya matahari</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Intensitas dan kualitas cahaya memengaruhi proses </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotosintesis" title="Fotosintesis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">fotosintesis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Air dapat menyerap cahaya sehingga pada lingkungan air, fotosintesis terjadi di sekitar permukaan yang terjangkau cahaya matahari. Di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurun" title="Gurun"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">gurun</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, intensitas cahaya yang besar membuat peningkatan suhu sehingga </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">tumbuhan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tertekan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah" title="Tanah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tanah</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu" title="Batu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">batu</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Beberapa karakteristik tanah yang meliputi struktur fisik, pH, dan komposisi mineral membatasi penyebaran organisme berdasarkan pada kandungan sumber makanannya di tanah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iklim" title="Iklim"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Iklim</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Iklim adalah kondisi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuaca" title="Cuaca"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">cuaca</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dalam jangka waktu lama dalam suatu area. Iklim makro meliputi iklim </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Global (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">global</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional" title="Regional"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">regional</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lokal&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Lokal (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">lokal</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Iklim mikro meliputi iklim dalam suatu daerah yang dihuni </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunitas" title="Komunitas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">komunitas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tertentu.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biotik</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biotik adalah istilah yang biasanya digunakan untuk menyebut sesuatu yang hidup (organisme). Komponen biotik adalah suatu komponen yang menyusun suatu ekosistem selain komponen abiotik (tidak bernyawa). Berdasarkan peran dan fungsinya, makhluk hidup dibedakan menjadi tiga macam, yaitu:</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Heterotrof / Konsumen</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Komponen heterotrof terdiri dari organisme yang memanfaatkan bahan-bahan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Organik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang disediakan oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> lain sebagai makanannya . Komponen heterotrof disebut juga konsumen makro (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fagotrof&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Fagotrof (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fagotrof</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) karena makanan yang dimakan berukuran lebih kecil. Yang tergolong heterotrof adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">manusia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamur" title="Jamur"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jamur</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroba" title="Mikroba"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">mikroba</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengurai / dekomposer</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengurai atau dekomposer adalah organisme yang menguraikan bahan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Organik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang berasal dari organisme mati. Pengurai disebut juga konsumen makro (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sapotrof&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sapotrof (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sapotrof</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) karena makanan yang dimakan berukuran lebih besar. Organisme pengurai menyerap sebagian hasil penguraian tersebut dan melepaskan bahan-bahan yang sederhana yang dapat digunakan kembali oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produsen" title="Produsen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">produsen</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Yang tergolong pengurai adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteri" title="Bakteri"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bakteri</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamur" title="Jamur"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jamur</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Ada pula pengurai yang disebut </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detritivor" title="Detritivor"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">detritivor</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yaitu hewan pengurai yang memakan sisa-sisa bahan organik, contohnya adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kutu_kayu&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kutu kayu (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kutu kayu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Tipe dekomposisi ada tiga, yaitu</span> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobik" title="Aerobik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">aerobik</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : oksigen adalah penerima elektron / </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oksidan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Oksidan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">oksidan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobik" title="Anaerobik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">anaerobik</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : oksigen tidak terlibat. Bahan organik sebagai penerima elektron /oksidan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentasi" title="Fermentasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">fermentasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : anaerobik namun bahan organik yang teroksidasi juga sebagai penerima </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">elektron</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. komponen tersebut berada pada suatu tempat dan berinteraksi membentuk suatu kesatuan ekosistem yang teratur. Misalnya, pada suatu ekosistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akuarium" title="Akuarium"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">akuarium</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, ekosistem ini terdiri dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikan" title="Ikan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ikan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sebagai komponen heterotrof, tumbuhan air sebagai komponen autotrof, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plankton" title="Plankton"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">plankton</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang terapung di air sebagai komponen pengurai, sedangkan yang termasuk komponen </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abiotik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Abiotik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">abiotik</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air" title="Air"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">air</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasir" title="Pasir"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pasir</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu" title="Batu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">batu</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mineral</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">oksigen</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang terlarut dalam air. </span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketergantungan</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:FoodChain.svg&filetimestamp=20090330204623"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="298" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.gif" width="218" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rantai makanan</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketergantungan pada ekosistem dapat terjadi antar komponen biotik atau antara komponen biotik dan abiotik.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Antar komponen biotik</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketergantungan antar komponen biotik dapat terjadi melalui:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Rantai makanan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yaitu perpindahan materi dan energi melalui proses makan dan dimakan dengan urutan tertentu. Tiap tingkat dari rantai makanan disebut </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tingkat_trofi" title="Tingkat trofi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">tingkat trofi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau taraf trofi. Karena organisme pertama yang mampu menghasilkan zat makanan adalah tumbuhan maka tingkat trofi pertama selalu diduduki tumbuhan hijau sebagai produsen. Tingkat selanjutnya adalah tingkat trofi kedua, terdiri atas hewan pemakan tumbuhan yang biasa disebut </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsumen" title="Konsumen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">konsumen</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> primer. Hewan pemakan konsumen primer merupakan tingkat trofi ketiga, terdiri atas hewan-hewan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnivora" title="Karnivora"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">karnivora</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Setiap pertukaran energi dari satu tingkat trofi ke tingkat trofi lainnya, sebagian energi akan hilang. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Jaring- jaring makanan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yaitu rantai-rantai makanan yang saling berhubungan satu sama lain sedemikian rupa sehingga membentuk seperi jaring-jaring. Jaring-jaring makanan terjadi karena setiap jenis makhluk hidup tidak hanya memakan satu jenis makhluk hidup lainnya.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Antar komponen biotik dan abiotik</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketergantungan antara komponen biotik dan abiotik dapat terjadi melalui siklus materi, seperti</span> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">siklus </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">karbon</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">siklus air</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">siklus </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">nitrogen</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">siklus </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sulfur</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Siklus ini berfungsi untuk mencegah suatu bentuk materi menumpuk pada suatu tempat. Ulah manusia telah membuat suatu sistem yang awalnya siklik menjadi nonsiklik, manusia cenderung mengganggu keseimbangan lingkungan.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[2]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tipe-tipe Ekosistem</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara umum ada tiga tipe ekosistem, yaitu ekositem air, ekosisten darat, dan ekosistem buatan. </span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Akuatik (air)</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Upper_Lehman_Creek.jpg&filetimestamp=20080303162405"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="161" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.gif" width="238" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem sungai</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_air_tawar&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem air tawar (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem air tawar</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ciri-ciri ekosistem air tawar antara lain variasi suhu tidak menyolok, penetrasi cahaya kurang, dan terpengaruh oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iklim" title="Iklim"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">iklim</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuaca" title="Cuaca"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">cuaca</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Macam tumbuhan yang terbanyak adalah jenis </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganggang" title="Ganggang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ganggang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sedangkan lainnya tumbuhan biji. Hampir semua filum hewan terdapat dalam air tawar. Organisme yang hidup di air tawar pada umumnya telah beradaptasi. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_air_laut&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem air laut (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem air laut</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Habitat laut (oseanik) ditandai oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinitas" title="Salinitas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">salinitas</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (kadar garam) yang tinggi dengan ion CI<sup>-</sup> mencapai 55% terutama di daerah laut tropik, karena suhunya tinggi dan penguapan besar. Di daerah tropik, suhu laut sekitar 25 °C. Perbedaan suhu bagian atas dan bawah tinggi, sehingga terdapat batas antara lapisan air yang panas di bagian atas dengan air yang dingin di bagian bawah yang disebut daerah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Termoklin&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Termoklin (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">termoklin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_estuari&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem estuari (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem estuari</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Estuari (muara) merupakan tempat bersatunya sungai dengan laut. Estuari sering dipagari oleh lempengan lumpur </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intertidal&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Intertidal (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">intertidal</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang luas atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawa" title="Rawa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">rawa</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> garam. Ekosistem estuari memiliki produktivitas yang tinggi dan kaya akan nutrisi. Komunitas tumbuhan yang hidup di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Estuari&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Estuari (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">estuari</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> antara lain rumput rawa garam, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganggang" title="Ganggang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ganggang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitoplankton" title="Fitoplankton"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fitoplankton</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Komunitas hewannya antara lain berbagai cacing, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerang" title="Kerang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kerang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepiting" title="Kepiting"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kepiting</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikan" title="Ikan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ikan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_pantai&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem pantai (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem pantai</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dinamakan demikian karena yang paling banyak tumbuh di gundukan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasir" title="Pasir"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">pasir</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah tumbuhan <i>Ipomoea pes caprae</i> yang tahan terhadap hempasan gelombang dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angin" title="Angin"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">angin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Tumbuhan yang hidup di ekosistem ini menjalar dan berdaun tebal. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_sungai&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem sungai (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem sungai</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai" title="Sungai"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sungai</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah suatu badan air yang mengalir ke satu arah. Air sungai dingin dan jernih serta mengandung sedikit </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sedimen&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sedimen (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sedimen</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan makanan. Aliran air dan gelombang secara konstan memberikan oksigen pada air. Suhu air bervariasi sesuai dengan ketinggian dan garis </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lintang" title="Lintang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">lintang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Ekosistem sungai dihuni oleh hewan seperti ikan kucing, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gurame&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gurame (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">gurame</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kura-kura" title="Kura-kura"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kura-kura</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, ular, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buaya" title="Buaya"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">buaya</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumba-lumba" title="Lumba-lumba"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">lumba-lumba</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosistem_terumbu_karang" title="Ekosistem terumbu karang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem terumbu karang</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem ini terdiri dari coral yang berada dekat pantai. Efisiensi ekosistem ini sangat tinggi. Hewan-hewan yang hidup di karang memakan organisme mikroskopis dan sisa organik lain. Berbagai invertebrata, mikro organisme, dan ikan, hidup di antara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karang" title="Karang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">karang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan ganggang. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbivora" title="Herbivora"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Herbivora</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> seperti siput, landak laut, ikan, menjadi mangsa bagi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurita" title="Gurita"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">gurita</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bintang_laut" title="Bintang laut"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bintang laut</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan ikan karnivora. Kehadiran terumbu karang di dekat pantai membuat pantai memiliki pasir putih. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo23; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_laut_dalam&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem laut dalam (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem laut dalam</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kedalamannya lebih dari 6.000 m. Biasanya terdapat lele laut dan ikan laut yang dapat mengeluarkan cahaya. Sebagai produsen terdapat bakteri yang bersimbiosis dengan karang tertentu. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_lamun&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem lamun (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem lamun</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lamun atau <i>seagrass</i> adalah satu‑satunya kelompok tumbuh-tumbuhan berbunga yang hidup di lingkungan laut. Tumbuh‑tumbuhan ini hidup di habitat perairan pantai yang dangkal. Seperti halnya rumput di darat, mereka mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunas" title="Tunas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tunas</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> berdaun yang tegak dan tangkai‑tangkai yang merayap yang efektif untuk berbiak. Berbeda dengan tumbuh‑tumbuhan laut lainnya (alga dan rumput laut), lamun berbunga, berbuah dan menghasilkan biji. Mereka juga mempunyai akar dan sistem internal untuk mengangkut gas dan zat‑zat hara. Sebagai sumber daya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayati" title="Hayati"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hayati</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, lamun banyak dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai keperluan. </span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Terestrial (darat)</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Daintree_Rainforest.JPG&filetimestamp=20070616115732"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="225" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image014.gif" width="198" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem hutan hujan tropis memiliki produktivitas tinggi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Gasp%C3%A9_taiga.jpg&filetimestamp=20091217191418"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="150" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image016.gif" width="198" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem taiga merupakan hutan pinus dengan ciri iklim musim dingin yang panjang.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Greenland-sydkap_hg.jpg&filetimestamp=20071216202101"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="149" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image018.gif" width="198" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem tundra didominasi oleh vegetasi perdu.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penentuan zona dalam ekosistem terestrial ditentukan oleh temperatur dan curah hujan. Ekosistem terestrial dapat dikontrol oleh iklim dan gangguan. Iklim sangat penting untuk menentukan mengapa suatu ekosistem terestrial berada pada suatu tempat tertentu. Pola ekosistem dapat berubah akibat gangguan seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petir" title="Petir"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">petir</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, kebakaran, atau aktivitas manusia. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan_hujan_tropis" title="Hutan hujan tropis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hutan hujan tropis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hutan hujan tropis terdapat di daerah tropik dan subtropik. Ciri-cirinya adalah curah hujan 200-225 cm per tahun. Spesies pepohonan relatif banyak, jenisnya berbeda antara satu dengan yang lainnya tergantung </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Letak_geografis&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Letak geografis (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">letak geografisnya</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Tinggi pohon utama antara 20-40 m, cabang-cabang pohon tinggi dan berdaun lebat hingga membentuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tudung&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tudung (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tudung</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kanopi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kanopi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kanopi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">). Dalam hutan basah terjadi perubahan iklim mikro, yaitu iklim yang langsung terdapat di sekitar organisme. Daerah tudung cukup mendapat sinar matahari, variasi suhu dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelembapan" title="Kelembapan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kelembapan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tinggi, suhu sepanjang hari sekitar 25 °C. Dalam hutan hujan tropis sering terdapat tumbuhan khas, yaitu liana (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotan" title="Rotan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">rotan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anggrek" title="Anggrek"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">anggrek</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epifit" title="Epifit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">epifit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Hewannya antara lain, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kera" title="Kera"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kera</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burung" title="Burung"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">burung</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badak" title="Badak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">badak</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babi_hutan" title="Babi hutan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">babi hutan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harimau" title="Harimau"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">harimau</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burung_hantu" title="Burung hantu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">burung hantu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo26; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabana" title="Sabana"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sabana</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sabana dari daerah tropik terdapat di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilayah" title="Wilayah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">wilayah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dengan curah hujan 40 – 60 inci per tahun, tetapi temepratur dan kelembaban masih tergantung musim. Sabana yang terluas di dunia terdapat di Afrika; namun di Australia juga terdapat sabana yang luas. Hewan yang hidup di sabana antara lain </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serangga" title="Serangga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">serangga</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">mamalia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebra" title="Zebra"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">zebra</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singa" title="Singa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">singa</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyena" title="Hyena"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hyena</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo27; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padang_rumput" title="Padang rumput"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Padang rumput</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Padang rumput terdapat di daerah yang terbentang dari daerah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tropik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tropik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> ke </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subtropik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Subtropik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">subtropik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Ciri-ciri padang rumput adalah curah hujan kurang lebih 25-30 cm per tahun, hujan turun tidak teratur, porositas (peresapan air) tinggi, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainase" title="Drainase"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">drainase</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (aliran air) cepat. Tumbuhan yang ada terdiri atas tumbuhan terna (herbs) dan rumput yang keduanya tergantung pada kelembapan. Hewannya antara lain: bison, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebra" title="Zebra"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">zebra</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singa" title="Singa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">singa</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, anjing liar, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serigala" title="Serigala"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">serigala</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajah" title="Gajah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">gajah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerapah" title="Jerapah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jerapah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, kangguru, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serangga" title="Serangga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">serangga</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikus" title="Tikus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tikus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ular" title="Ular"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ular</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo28; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurun" title="Gurun"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gurun</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gurun terdapat di daerah tropik yang berbatasan dengan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padang_rumput" title="Padang rumput"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">padang rumput</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Ciri-ciri ekosistem gurun adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gersang" title="Gersang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">gersang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curah_hujan" title="Curah hujan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">curah hujan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> rendah (25 cm/tahun). Perbedaan suhu antara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siang" title="Siang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">siang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malam" title="Malam"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">malam</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sangat besar. Tumbuhan semusim yang terdapat di gurun berukuran kecil. Selain itu, di gurun dijumpai pula tumbuhan menahun berdaun seperti duri contohnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaktus" title="Kaktus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kaktus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, atau tak berdaun dan memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akar" title="Akar"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">akar</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> panjang serta mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan" title="Jaringan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jaringan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> untuk menyimpan air. Hewan yang hidup di gurun antara lain rodentia, semut, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ular" title="Ular"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ular</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadal" title="Kadal"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kadal</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katak" title="Katak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">katak</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalajengking" title="Kalajengking"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kalajengking</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan beberapa hewan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokturnal" title="Nokturnal"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">nokturnal</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> lain. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo29; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan_gugur" title="Hutan gugur"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hutan gugur</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hutan gugur terdapat di daerah beriklim sedang yang memiliki emapt musim, ciri-cirinya adalah curah hujan merata sepanjang tahun. Jenis pohon sedikit (10 s/d 20) dan tidak terlalu rapat. Hewan yang terdapat di hutam gugur antara lain rusa, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beruang" title="Beruang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">beruang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, rubah, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajing" title="Bajing"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bajing</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burung_pelatuk" title="Burung pelatuk"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">burung pelatuk</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan rakun (sebangsa luwak). </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo30; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiga" title="Taiga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Taiga</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Taiga terdapat di belahan bumi sebelah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utara" title="Utara"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">utara</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan di pegunungan daerah tropik, ciri-cirinya adalah suhu di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musim_dingin" title="Musim dingin"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">musim dingin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> rendah. Biasanya taiga merupakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan" title="Hutan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hutan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang tersusun atas satu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spesies" title="Spesies"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">spesies</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konifer" title="Konifer"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">konifer</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinus" title="Pinus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">pinus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan sejenisnya. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semak" title="Semak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Semak</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan tumbuhan basah sedikit sekali, sedangkan hewannya antara lain moose, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beruang" title="Beruang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">beruang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> hitam, ajag, dan burung-burung yang bermigrasi ke </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selatan" title="Selatan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">selatan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musim_gugur" title="Musim gugur"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">musim gugur</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo31; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tundra</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tundra terdapat di belahan bumi sebelah utara di dalam lingkaran </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutub_utara" title="Kutub utara"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kutub utara</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan terdapat di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puncak" title="Puncak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">puncak</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-puncak gunung tinggi. Pertumbuhan tanaman di daerah ini hanya 60 hari. Contoh tumbuhan yang dominan adalah sphagnum, liken, tumbuhan biji semusim, tumbuhan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdu" title="Perdu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">perdu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumput" title="Rumput"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">rumput</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> alang-alang. Pada umumnya, tumbuhannya mampu beradaptasi dengan keadaan yang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dingin&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Dingin (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">dingin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo32; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Karst (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batu_gamping&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Batu gamping (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">batu gamping</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> /gua).</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Karst berawal dari nama kawasan batu gamping di wilayah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Yugoslavia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Kawasan karst di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Indonesia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> rata-rata mempunyai ciri-ciri yang hampir sama yaitu, tanahnya kurang subur untuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertanian" title="Pertanian"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">pertanian</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sensitif terhadap </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosi" title="Erosi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">erosi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, mudah longsor, bersifat rentan dengan pori-pori </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aerasi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Aerasi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">aerasi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang rendah, gaya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Permeabilitas&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Permeabilitas (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">permeabilitas</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang lamban dan didominasi oleh pori-pori mikro. Ekosistem karst mengalami keunikan tersendiri, dengan keragaman aspek biotis yang tidak dijumpai di ekosistem lain. </span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Buatan</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Bali_riziere.jpg&filetimestamp=20081026101601"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="149" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.gif" width="228" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sawah merupakan salah satu contoh ekosistem buatan</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem buatan adalah ekosistem yang diciptakan manusia untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya. Ekosistem buatan mendapatkan subsidi energi dari luar, tanaman atau hewan peliharaan didominasi pengaruh manusia, dan memiliki keanekaragaman rendah. Contoh ekosistem buatan adalah:</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendungan" title="Bendungan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">bendungan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">hutan tanaman </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produksi" title="Produksi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">produksi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jati" title="Jati"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">jati</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinus" title="Pinus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pinus</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agroekosistem&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Agroekosistem (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">agroekosistem</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> berupa sawah tadah hujan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawah" title="Sawah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sawah</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> irigasi</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">perkebunan sawit</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ekosistem pemukiman seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota" title="Kota"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kota</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desa" title="Desa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">desa</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ekosistem ruang angkasa. </span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem kota memiliki metabolisme tinggi sehingga butuh energi yang banyak. Kebutuhan materi juga tinggi dan tergantung dari luar, serta memiliki pengeluaran yang eksesif seperti polusi dan panas. </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem ruang angkasa bukan merupakan suatu sistem tertutup yang dapat memenuhi sendiri kebutuhannya tanpa tergantung input dari luar. Semua ekosistem dan kehidupan selalu bergantung pada bumi. </span></div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bioma</span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah sekelompok </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">tumbuhan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang tinggal di suatu lokasi geografis tertentu. Bioma terbagi menjadi beberapa jenis, ditentukan oleh curah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hujan" title="Hujan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hujan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan intensitas </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahaya" title="Cahaya"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">cahaya</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matahari" title="Matahari"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">mataharinya</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berikut ini adalah pembagian bioma:</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">tundra</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiga" title="Taiga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">taiga</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">/hutan konifer</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padang_gurun" title="Padang gurun"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">padang gurun</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padang_rumput" title="Padang rumput"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">padang rumput</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan_gugur" title="Hutan gugur"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hutan gugur</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, dan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan_hujan_tropis" title="Hutan hujan tropis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hutan hujan tropis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BELAJARLAH</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> YANG </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">RAJIN</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> UNTUK </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">MENGGAPAI</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> CITA-CITAMU. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SMART</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> EDUCATION </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SELALU</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> MENDUKUNG </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PRESTASI</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> ANAK </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BANGSA.</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Apabila ada tambahan, saran dan kritik, tolong tambahkan pada kolom komentar di bawah ini. Terima Kasih.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div>Les privathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00989767684801832891noreply@blogger.com0Indonesia-0.789275 113.92132700000002-9.451925 90.767627000000019 7.8733749999999993 137.07502700000003tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5255298841592842633.post-28199983366649690422011-08-11T00:44:00.001-07:002011-08-11T00:44:48.478-07:00ILMU CAMPURAN DAN ILMU TERAPAN<!--[if !mso]> <style>
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mso-tstyle-border-insideh:cell-none;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent2;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
line-height:normal;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2LastRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:last-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:2.25pt double #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-insideh:cell-none;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent2;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
line-height:normal;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2FirstCol
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:first-column;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2LastCol
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:last-column;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent2;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2OddColumn
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:odd-column;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-shading:#EFD3D2;
mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-shading-themetint:63;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent2;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2OddRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:odd-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-shading:#EFD3D2;
mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-shading-themetint:63;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent2;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2EvenRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:even-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent2;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:1;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:1;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
border:solid #9BBB59 1.0pt;
mso-border-themecolor:accent3;
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-border-insideh:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-border-insideh-themecolor:accent3;
mso-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-border-insidev-themecolor:accent3;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3FirstRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:first-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:2.25pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-insideh:cell-none;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent3;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
line-height:normal;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3LastRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:last-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:2.25pt double #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-insideh:cell-none;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent3;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
line-height:normal;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3FirstCol
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:first-column;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3LastCol
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:last-column;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent3;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3OddColumn
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:odd-column;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-shading:#E6EED5;
mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-shading-themetint:63;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent3;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3OddRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:odd-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-shading:#E6EED5;
mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-shading-themetint:63;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent3;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3EvenRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:even-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent3;}
</style> <![endif]--> <br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMART</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">EDUCATION</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KHUSUS MENGAJAR LES PRIVAT TINGKATAN </span></u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SD </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMP </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN (KHUSUS) :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 22.5pt; width: 499px;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 1.5in; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="height: 1.5in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.95in;" valign="top" width="187"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">IPA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">IPS</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">AKUNTANSI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATEMATIKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BIOLOGI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KIMIA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">FISIKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">EKONOMI </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> <td style="height: 1.5in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.25in;" valign="top" width="312"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">GEOGRAFI </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SEJARAH</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">11.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SOSIOLOGI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">12.BAHASA INDONESIA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">13.BAHASA INGGRIS </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">14.BAHASA JEPANG </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">15.BAHASA JERMAN</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">16.BAHASA JAWA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">17. KOMPUTER </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NON EDUCATION :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MUSIK → GITAR, DRUM, PIANO, ORGEN, KEYBOARD DLL</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SENI → SENI RUPA, SENI TARI, DRAMA DLL</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CATUR</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">UNTUK INFORMASI DAN PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">HUBUNGI </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">089676659020</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TENAGA PENGAJAR DI AMBIL DARI MAHASISWA TERPILIH DAN TERBAIK DARI PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI SURABAYA. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BIAYA :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : 5000</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
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</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN IPA MENCAKUP MATEMATIKA, BIOLOGI, KIMIA, FISIKA :</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN IPS MENCAKUP AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI, GEOGRAFI, SOSIOLOGI, SEJARAH : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MENCAKUP BAHASA INGGRIS, BAHASA INDONESIA, BAHASA JERMAN, BAHASA JEPANG, BAHASA JAWA : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SD (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN<b>)</b></span><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMP (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : <span style="color: blue;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMA (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : 60.000</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: blue;">/ PERTEMUAN / TATAP<b> </b>MUKA</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MUSIK : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SENI : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CATUR : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">35.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NB : Biaya sewaktu-waktu bisa naik atau turun setelah di negosiasikan tergantung lokasi rumah siswa. MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA – SIDOARJO</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SEKILAS ARTIKEL TENTANG BIOLOGI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(DIPOSKAN OLEH LBB SMART EDUCATION : LES PRIVAT KOTA SURABAYA DAN SIDOARJO</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Biologi</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Biologi</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ilmu hayat</span> adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu" title="Ilmu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ilmu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang mempelajari aspek fisik </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kehidupan" title="Kehidupan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kehidupan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Istilah "biologi" dipinjam dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Belanda" title="Bahasa Belanda"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bahasa Belanda</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, <i>biologie</i>, yang juga diturunkan dari gabungan kata </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bahasa Yunani</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, βίος, <i>bios</i> ("hidup") dan λόγος,<i>logos</i> ("lambang", "ilmu"). Istilah "ilmu hayat" dipinjam dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bahasa Arab</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, juga berarti "ilmu kehidupan". Obyek kajian </span><strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pada masa kini sangat luas dan mencakup semua </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhluk_hidup" title="Makhluk hidup"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">makhluk hidup</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dalam berbagai aspek kehidupannya.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berbagai cabang biologi mengkhususkan diri pada setiap kelompok </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botani" title="Botani"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">botani</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu tentang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tumbuhan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoologi" title="Zoologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">zoologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu tentang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrobiologi" title="Mikrobiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">mikrobiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu tentang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasad_renik" title="Jasad renik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jasad renik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">). Perbedaan-perbedaan dan pengelompokan berdasarkan ciri-ciri fisik kelompok organisme dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistematika" title="Sistematika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sistematika</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yang di dalamnya mencakup pula </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taksonomi" title="Taksonomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">taksonomi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paleobiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Paleobiologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">paleobiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berbagai aspek kehidupan dikaji pula dalam biologi. Ciri-ciri fisik bagian tubuh dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomi" title="Anatomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">anatomi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfologi" title="Morfologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">morfologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sementara fungsinya dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fisiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Perilaku hewan dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etologi" title="Etologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">etologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Perkembangan ciri fisik makhluk hidup dalam kurun waktu panjang dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">evolusi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sedangkan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan dalam siklus kehidupan dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_perkembangan" title="Biologi perkembangan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi perkembangan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Interaksi antarsesama makhluk dan dengan alam sekitar mereka dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ekologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">; Mekanisme pewarisan sifat—yang berguna dalam upaya menjaga kelangsungan hidup suatu jenis makhluk hidup—dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">genetika</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Saat ini bahkan berkembang aspek biologi yang mengkaji kemungkinan berevolusinya makhluk hidup pada masa yang akan datang, juga kemungkinan adanya makhluk hidup di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet" title="Planet"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">planet</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-planet selain </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bumi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yaitu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrobiologi" title="Astrobiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">astrobiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Sementara itu, perkembangan teknologi memungkinkan pengkajian pada tingkat molekul penyusun organisme melalui </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_molekular" title="Biologi molekular"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi molekular</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> serta </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biokimia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yang banyak didukung oleh perkembangan teknik komputasi melalui bidang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatika" title="Bioinformatika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bioinformatika</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu biologi banyak berkembang pada abad ke-19, dengan ilmuwan menemukan bahwa organisme memiliki karakteristik pokok. Biologi kini merupakan subyek pelajaran sekolah dan universitas di seluruh dunia, dengan lebih dari jutaan makalah dibuat setiap tahun dalam susunan luas jurnal biologi dan kedokteran. </span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; margin-left: .05in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-cellspacing: 0in; mso-padding-alt: 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:EscherichiaColi_NIAID.jpg&filetimestamp=20050410214037" title=""Escherichia coli" "><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="Escherichia coli" border="0" height="76" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.jpg" width="90" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Tree_Fern.jpg&filetimestamp=20050626174418" title=""Pakis." "><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="Pakis." border="0" height="104" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" width="90" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Goliath_beetle.jpg&filetimestamp=20051004185109" title=""Kumbang tanduk" "><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="Kumbang tanduk" border="0" height="109" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.jpg" width="90" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Thompson%27s_Gazelle.jpeg&filetimestamp=20050602174531" title=""Rusa" "><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="Rusa" border="0" height="75" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.jpg" width="90" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Biologi mempelajari ilmu mengenai kehidupan. Dari kiri atas, bakteri </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Escherichia coli</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">tumbuhan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan_paku" title="Tumbuhan paku"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">pakis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusa" title="Rusa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">rusa</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, serangga </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goliathus" title="Goliathus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">kumbang tanduk</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Asal mula biologi</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Aristoteles dan biologi</span></span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu biologi dirintis oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Aristoteles</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, ilmuwan berkebangsaan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Yunani</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Dalam terminologi Aristoteles, "filosofi alam" adalah cabang filosofi yang meneliti fenomena alam, dan mencakupi bidang yang kini disebut sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fisika</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan ilmu pengetahuan alam lainnya.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Aristoteles melakukan penelitian sejarah alam di pulau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesbos" title="Lesbos"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Lesbos</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Hasil penelitiannya, termasuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Hewan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sejarah Hewan (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sejarah Hewan</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Generasi_Hewan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Generasi Hewan (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Generasi Hewan</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bagian_Hewan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Bagian Hewan (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Bagian Hewan</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, berisi beberapa observasi dan interpretasi, dan juga terdapat mitos dan kesalahan. Bagian yang penting adalah mengenai kehidupan laut. Ia memisahkan mamalia laut dari ikan, dan mengetahui bahwa hiu dan pari adalah bagian dari grup yang ia sebut Selachē (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Selachians&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Selachians (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">selachians</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">). </span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Didirikannya biologi modern</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Istilah biologi dalam pengertian modern kelihatannya diperkenalkan secara terpisah oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Reinhold_Treviranus&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biologie_oder_Philosophie_der_lebenden_Natur&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Biologie oder Philosophie der lebenden Natur (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Biologie oder Philosophie der lebenden Natur</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1802" title="1802"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">1802</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lamarck" title="Jean-Baptiste Lamarck"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Jean-Baptiste Lamarck</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydrog%C3%A9ologie&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Hydrogéologie (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Hydrogéologie</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, 1802). Namun, istilah biologi sebenarnya telah dipakai pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1800" title="1800"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">1800</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl_Friedrich_Burdach&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Karl Friedrich Burdach (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Karl Friedrich Burdach</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Bahkan, sebelumnya, istilah itu juga telah muncul dalam judul buku </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Christoph_Hanov&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Michael Christoph Hanov (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Michael Christoph Hanov</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> jilid ke-3 yang terbit pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1766" title="1766"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">1766</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yaitu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philosophiae_Naturalis_Sive_Physicae_Dogmaticae:_Geologia,_Biologia,_Phytologia_Generais_et_Dendrologia&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Philosophiae Naturalis Sive Physicae Dogmaticae: Geologia, Biologia, Phytologia Generais et Dendrologia (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Philosophiae Naturalis Sive Physicae Dogmaticae: Geologia, Biologia, Phytologia Generais et Dendrologia</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 323.25pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cakupan</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></h2><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada masa kini, biologi mencakup bidang akademik yang sangat luas, bersentuhan dengan bidang-bidang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sains" title="Sains"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sains</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang lain, dan sering kali dipandang sebagai ilmu yang mandiri. Namun, pencabangan biologi selalu mengikuti tiga dimensi yang saling tegak lurus: <i>keanekaragaman</i> (berdasarkan kelompok organisme), <i>organisasi kehidupan</i> (taraf kajian dari sistem kehidupan), dan <i>interaksi</i> (hubungan antarunit kehidupan serta antara unit kehidupan dengan lingkungannya).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Daftar ilmu-ilmu hayati</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ilmu-ilmu hayati</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (<i>biosciences</i>) mencakup semua disiplin </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu" title="Ilmu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ilmu</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang mempelajari aspek kehidupan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan makhluk suborganisme (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus" title="Virus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">virus</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viroid&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Viroid (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">viroid</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prion" title="Prion"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">prion</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">). Semula menginduk dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">biologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, semenjak akhir abad ke-19 hingga sekarang berbagai ilmu telah berkembang menuju ke arah kekhususan atau menggunakan alat-alat dari cabang utama ilmu pengetahuan lainnya sehingga menjadi disiplin yang cukup berbeda. Saat ini, ilmu-ilmu hayati berjumlah ratusan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Biologi sendiri semula merupakan bagian dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu_alam" title="Ilmu alam"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ilmu pengetahuan alam</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (<i>natural sciences</i>) yang dipelajari oleh para naturalis (ahli ilmu-ilmu alamiah). Biologi sebagai ilmu yang mandiri, dalam arti memiliki perangkat analisis dan konsep-konsep ilmiah yang kokoh, baru terbentuk pada abad ke-18, setelah penemuan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroskop" title="Mikroskop"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">mikroskop</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan tumbangnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">dogma</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Generatio_spontanea&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Generatio spontanea (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">generatio spontanea</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> oleh konsep </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Omne_vivum_ex_vivo&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Omne vivum ex vivo (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">omne vivum ex vivo</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Konsep </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">evolusi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, pewarisan sifat (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditas" title="Hereditas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hereditas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">), dan penemuan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA" title="DNA"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">DNA</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> sebagai bahan genetik memacu perkembangan biologi secara pesat.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pembagian disiplin ilmu di bawah ini tidak bersifat mutlak karena beberapa di antaranya sekarang dianggap mandiri walaupun masih memiliki keterkaitan dengan bidang induknya, misalnya genetika dengan fisiologi, biologi molekular dengan genetika, dan sebagainya. Selain itu, karena dinamisnya perkembangan ilmu-ilmu ini, seringkali ilmu-ilmu ini saling bertemu dan menghasilkan kajian antardisiplin.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu-ilmu berdasarkan kelompok organisme</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taksonomi" title="Taksonomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Taksonomi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">/Klasifikasi</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologi" title="Virologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Virologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi virus)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrobiologi" title="Mikrobiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mikrobiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi mikroorganisme) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteriologi" title="Bakteriologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bakteriologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi bakteri)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoologi" title="Protozoologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Protozoologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi protozoa)</span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikologi" title="Mikologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mikologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">jamur, kapang dan ragi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botani" title="Botani"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Botani</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi tumbuhan) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fikologi" title="Fikologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fikologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi alga)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pteridologi" title="Pteridologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pteridologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan_paku" title="Tumbuhan paku"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pakis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bryologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Bryologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bryologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi lumut)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrologi" title="Dendrologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dendrologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleobotani" title="Paleobotani"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Paleobotani</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoologi" title="Zoologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Zoologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi hewan) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nematologi" title="Nematologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nematologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi nematoda)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakologi" title="Malakologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Malakologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi moluska)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entomologi" title="Entomologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Entomologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi serangga) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="square"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apiari&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Apiari (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apiari</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi dan ternak lebah)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mirmekologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Mirmekologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mirmekologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi rayap)</span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iktiologi" title="Iktiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Iktiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi ikan)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpetologi" title="Herpetologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Herpetologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi reptilia dan amfibia)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornitologi" title="Ornitologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ornitologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi unggas)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamologi" title="Mamologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mamologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi mamalia) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="square"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primatologi" title="Primatologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Primatologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi primata)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rodentiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Rodentiologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rodentiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi rodentia)</span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleozoologi" title="Paleozoologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Paleozoologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoologi_perbandingan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Zoologi perbandingan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Zoologi perbandingan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul></ul><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu-ilmu berdasarkan hierarki organisasi</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo36; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_sel" title="Biologi sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biologi sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sel_molekular&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Biologi sel molekular (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biologi sel molekular</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo36; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomi" title="Anatomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Anatomi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomi_perbandingan" title="Anatomi perbandingan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Anatomi perbandingan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitologi" title="Sitologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sitologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu Sel)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histologi" title="Histologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Histologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu jaringan)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Organologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Organologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu organ) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="square"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonologi" title="Pulmonologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pulmonologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (paru-paru)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardiologi" title="Kardiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kardiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (jantung)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiologi" title="Radiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Radiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurologi" title="Neurologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Neurologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (saraf)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viscerologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Viscerologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Viscerologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfologi" title="Morfologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Morfologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (fisik luar) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="square"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pomologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Pomologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pomologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palinologi" title="Palinologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Palinologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul></ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo36; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fisiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (fungsi dalam tubuh) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patologi" title="Patologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Patologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onkologi" title="Onkologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Onkologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzimologi" title="Enzimologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Enzimologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imunologi" title="Imunologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Imunologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo36; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekofisiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekofisiologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekofisiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekologi_molekular&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekologi molekular (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekologi molekular</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limnologi" title="Limnologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Limnologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biologi_udara&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Biologi udara (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biologi udara</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseanografi" title="Oseanografi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Oseanografi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiologi" title="Epidemiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Epidemiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toksikologi" title="Toksikologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Toksikologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_kelautan" title="Biologi kelautan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biologi kelautan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul></ul><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu-ilmu berdasarkan aspek kehidupan</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_reproduksi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu reproduksi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu reproduksi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_perkembangan" title="Biologi perkembangan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biologi perkembangan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenologi" title="Fenologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fenologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filogeni" title="Filogeni"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Filogeni</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleontologi" title="Paleontologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Paleontologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, pewarisan sifat pada makhluk hidup </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Genetika_sel&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Genetika sel (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (sitogenetika)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika_molekular" title="Genetika molekular"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika molekular</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Genetika_Mendel&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Genetika Mendel (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika Mendel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika_populasi" title="Genetika populasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika populasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika_kuantitatif" title="Genetika kuantitatif"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika kuantitatif</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Genetika_perkembangan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Genetika perkembangan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika perkembangan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Genetika_evolusionar&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Genetika evolusionar (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika evolusionar</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fisiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fisiologi_perkembangan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Fisiologi perkembangan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fisiologi perkembangan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzimologi" title="Enzimologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Enzimologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imunologi" title="Imunologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Imunologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endokrinologi" title="Endokrinologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Endokrinologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fisiologi_molekular&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Fisiologi molekular (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fisiologi molekular</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Evolusi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etologi" title="Etologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Etologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu perilaku hewan)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_molekular" title="Biologi molekular"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biologi molekular</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cell_signalling&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Cell signalling (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cell signalling</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomika" title="Genomika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genomika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transkriptomika" title="Transkriptomika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Transkriptomika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteomika" title="Proteomika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Proteomika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolomika" title="Metabolomika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Metabolomika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Systems_Biology&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Systems Biology (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Systems Biology</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul></ul><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu-ilmu campuran dan terapan</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biokimia</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo38; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknik_bioproses" title="Teknik bioproses"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teknik biokimia</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofisika" title="Biofisika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biofisika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatika" title="Bioinformatika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bioinformatika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biostatistika" title="Biostatistika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biostatistika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">/Biometrika</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografi" title="Biogeografi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biogeografi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agronomi" title="Agronomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Agronomi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu_tanah" title="Ilmu tanah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu tanah</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitopatologi" title="Fitopatologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fitopatologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulma" title="Gulma"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">gulma</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hortikultura" title="Hortikultura"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hortikultura</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemuliaan" title="Pemuliaan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pemuliaan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Produksi_ternak&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Produksi ternak (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">produksi ternak</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kehutanan" title="Kehutanan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kehutanan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo38; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_budidaya_hutan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu budidaya hutan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu budidaya hutan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (agroforestri)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo38; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Konservasi_sumber_daya_alam&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Konservasi sumber daya alam (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Konservasi sumber daya alam</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perikanan" title="Perikanan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">perikanan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedokteran_hewan" title="Kedokteran hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kedokteran hewan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (veteriner)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedokteran" title="Kedokteran"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kedokteran</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu-ilmu yang dipelajari dalam kedokteran dicantumkan terpisah (lihat di bawah)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrobiologi" title="Astrobiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Astrobiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> / Eksobiologi</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioteknologi" title="Bioteknologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bioteknologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo38; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rekayasa_genetika" title="Rekayasa genetika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rekayasa genetika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo38; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teknologi_enzim&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Teknologi enzim (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teknologi enzim</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo38; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknik_bioproses" title="Teknik bioproses"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teknik bioproses</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_biologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sejarah biologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sejarah biologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu-ilmu yang dipelajari dalam bidang kedokteran/pengobatan/kesehatan</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patologi" title="Patologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Patologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_penyakit_dalam&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu penyakit dalam (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu penyakit dalam</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venereologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Venereologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Venereologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obstetri&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Obstetri (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Obstetri</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onkologi" title="Onkologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Onkologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_kedokteran_forensik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu kedokteran forensik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu kedokteran forensik</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_kedokteran_molekular&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu kedokteran molekular (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu kedokteran molekular</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_kedokteran_klinik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu kedokteran klinik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu kedokteran klinik</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_kedokteran_gigi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu kedokteran gigi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu kedokteran gigi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodonti" title="Periodonti"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Periodonti</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ortodonti&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ortodonti (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ortodonti</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nasofaringologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Nasofaringologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nasofaringologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginekologi" title="Ginekologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ginekologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perinatologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Perinatologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perinatologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiologi" title="Radiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Radiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontologi" title="Gerontologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gerontologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etika_kedokteran&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Etika kedokteran (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Etika kedokteran</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembagian Berdasarkan Kelompok Organisme</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Makhluk hidup atau organisme sangat beraneka ragam. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taksonomi" title="Taksonomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Taksonomi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> mempelajari bagaimana organisme dapat dikelompokkan berdasarkan kemiripan dan perbedaan yang dimiliki. Selanjutnya, berbagai kelompok itu dipelajari semua gatra kehidupannya, sehingga dikenallah ilmu biologi tumbuhan (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botani" title="Botani"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">botani</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), biologi hewan (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoologi" title="Zoologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">zoologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), biologi serangga (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entomologi" title="Entomologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">entomologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), dan seterusnya.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembagian berdasarkan organisasi kehidupan</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kehidupan berlangsung dalam hirarki yang terorganisasi. Hirarki organisme, dari yang terkecil hingga yang terbesar yang dipelajari dalam biologi, adalah sebagai berikut: </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel" title="Sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan" title="Jaringan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">jaringan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ" title="Organ"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">organ</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_organ" title="Sistem organ"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sistem organ</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individu" title="Individu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">individu</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populasi" title="Populasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">populasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunitas" title="Komunitas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">komunitas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau masyarakat;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ekosistem</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">; dan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioma" title="Bioma"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">bioma</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kajian-kajian subindividu mencakup </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_sel" title="Biologi sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomi" title="Anatomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">anatomi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan cabang-cabangnya (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitologi" title="Sitologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sitologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histologi" title="Histologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">histologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Organologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fisiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Pembagian lebih rinci juga mungkin terjadi. Misalnya, anatomi dapat dikhususkan pada setiap organ atau sistem (biasa terjadi dalam ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedokteran" title="Kedokteran"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kedokteran</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">): </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonologi" title="Pulmonologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">pulmonologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardiologi" title="Kardiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kardiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurologi" title="Neurologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">neurologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan sebagainya).</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tingkat supraindividu dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ekologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yang juga memiliki pengkhususan tersendiri, seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekofisiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekofisiologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ekofisiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau "fisiologi lingkungan", </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenologi" title="Fenologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fenologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, serta </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_perilaku&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu perilaku (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ilmu perilaku</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembagian berdasarkan interaksi</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hubungan antarunit kehidupan maupun antara unit kehidupan dan lingkungannya terjadi pada semua tingkat organisasi. Selain mempelajari kehidupan melalui berbagai tingkatan di atas, biologi juga mempelajari hal-hal berikut, melalui cabang ilmunya masing-masing:</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_perkembangan" title="Biologi perkembangan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">biologi perkembangan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (<i>developmental biology</i>): ilmu yang mempelajari tahap perkembangan makhluk hidup (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontogeni" title="Ontogeni"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ontogeni</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) dari telur yang dibuahi menjadi individu;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">genetika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: ilmu yang mempelajari pewarisan keturunan;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etologi" title="Etologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">etologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: ilmu yang mempelajari perilaku makhluk hidup;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistematika" title="Sistematika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sistematika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: ilmu yang mempelajari keanekaragaman organisme dan hubungannya dengan relasi tertentu;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ekologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: ilmu yang mempelajari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">habitat</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan interaksi makhluk hidup dengan lingkungannya;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">evolusi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: ilmu yang mempelajari perubahan yang terjadi pada makhluk hidup; dan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ksenobiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ksenobiologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ksenobiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: ilmu pengetahuan spekulatif tentang adanya makhluk hidup selain di bumi.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikologi" title="Mikologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mikologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : ilmu yang mempelajari mengenai cendawan/ jamur</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrobiologi" title="Mikrobiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mikrobiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : ilmu yang mempelajari makhluk-makhluk mikroskopis</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">bahkan terdapat sub ilmu biologi yang berkaitan dengan ilmu lain seperti biokimia dan biofisik, dimana ilmu biologi dilihat dari sudut pandang kimia dan fisika.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel (biologi)</span></h1><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Sel</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> merupakan unit organisasi terkecil yang menjadi dasar kehidupan dalam arti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologis</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Semua fungsi kehidupan diatur dan berlangsung di dalam sel. Oleh karena itu, sel dapat berfungsi secara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autonom&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Autonom (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">autonom</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> asalkan seluruh kebutuhan hidupnya terpenuhi.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Semua </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> selular terbagi ke dalam dua golongan besar berdasarkan arsitektur basal dari selnya, yaitu organisme </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokariota" title="Prokariota"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">prokariota</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan organisme </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukariota" title="Eukariota"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">eukariota</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Organisme prokariota tidak memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inti_sel" title="Inti sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">inti sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan mempunyai organisasi internal sel yang relatif lebih sederhana. Prokariota terbagi menjadi dua kelompok yang besar: </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eubakteria&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Eubakteria (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">eubakteria</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang meliputi hampir seluruh jenis </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteri" title="Bakteri"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bakteri</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">archaea</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, kelompok prokariota yang sangat mirip dengan bakteri dan berkembang-biak di lingkungan yang ekstrem seperti sumber air panas yang bersifat asam atau air yang mengandung kadar garam yang sangat tinggi. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genom" title="Genom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Genom</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> prokariota terdiri dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromosom" title="Kromosom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kromosom</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tunggal yang melingkar, tanpa organisasi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA" title="DNA"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">DNA</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Organisme eukariota memiliki organisasi intraselular yang jauh lebih kompleks, antara lain dengan membran internal, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organel" title="Organel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang memiliki membran tersendiri seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inti_sel" title="Inti sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">inti sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitoskeleton" title="Sitoskeleton"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sitoskeleton</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang sangat terstruktur. Sel eukariota memiliki beberapa kromosom linear di dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nuklei&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Nuklei (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">nuklei</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, di dalamnya terdapat sederet </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">molekul</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA" title="DNA"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">DNA</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang sangat panjang yang terbagi dalam paket-paket yang dipisahkan oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histon" title="Histon"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">histon</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein" title="Protein"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">protein</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang lain.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jika panjang DNA diberi notasi C dan jumlah kromosom dalam genom diberi notasi n, maka notasi 2nC menunjukkan genom sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diploid" title="Diploid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">diploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, 1nC menunjukkan genom sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" title="Haploid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">haploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, 3nC menunjukkan genom sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triploid" title="Triploid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">triploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, 4nC menunjukkan genom sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tetraploid&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tetraploid (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tetraploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">manusia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, C = 3,5 × 10<sup>-12</sup> g, dengan n = 23, sehingga genom manusia dirumuskan menjadi 2 x 23 x 3,5 × 10<sup>-12</sup>, karena sel eukariota manusia memiliki genom diploid.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sejenis sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diploid" title="Diploid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">diploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yaitu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_nutfah" title="Sel nutfah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel nutfah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dapat terdiferensiasi menjadi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_gamet" title="Sel gamet"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel gamet</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" title="Haploid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">haploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genom" title="Genom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Genom</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sel gamet pada manusia memiliki 23 kromosom, 22 diantaranya merupakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Otosom&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Otosom (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">otosom</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sisanya merupakan kromosom genital. Pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oosit" title="Oosit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">oosit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, kromosom genital senantiasa memiliki notasi X, sedangkan pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spermatosit&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Spermatosit (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">spermatosit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, kromosom dapat berupa X maupun Y. Setelah terjadi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertilisasi" title="Fertilisasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fertilisasi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> antara kedua sel gamet yang berbeda kromosom genitalnya, terbentuklah sebuah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigot" title="Zigot"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">zigot</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> diploid. Notasi genom yang digunakan untuk zigot adalah 46,XX atau 46,XY.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada umumnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_somatik" title="Sel somatik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel somatik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> merupakan sel diploid, namun terdapat beberapa perkecualian, antara lain: </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_darah_merah" title="Sel darah merah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel darah merah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keratinosit&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Keratinosit (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">keratinosit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> memiliki genom </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nuliploid&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Nuliploid (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">nuliploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Hepatosit bergenom </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tetraploid&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tetraploid (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tetraploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> 4nC, sedang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Megakariosit&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Megakariosit (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">megakariosit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumsum_tulang_belakang" title="Sumsum tulang belakang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sumsum tulang belakang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> memiliki genom poliploid hingga 8nC, 16nC atau 32nC dan dapat melakukan proliferasi hingga menghasilkan ribuan sel nuliploid. Banyaknya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploidi" title="Ploidi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ploidi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pada sel terjadi sebagai akibat dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replikasi" title="Replikasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">replikasi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA" title="DNA"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">DNA</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang tidak disertai pembelahan sel, yang lazim disebut sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endomitosis&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Endomitosis (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">endomitosis</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Sel_tumbuhan.png"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="180" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.gif" width="238" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sel selaput penyusun umbi bawang bombay (<i>Allium cepa</i>). Tampak dinding sel dan inti sel (berupa noktah di dalam setiap 'ruang'). Perbesaran 400 kali.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sejarah penemuan sel</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Robert Hooke</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada awalnya sel digambarkan pada tahun </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1665" title="1665"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">1665</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> oleh seorang ilmuwan Inggris </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Robert Hooke</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang telah meneliti irisan tipis </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabus" title="Gabus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">gabus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> melalui </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroskop" title="Mikroskop"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">mikroskop</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang dirancangnya sendiri. Kata <i>sel</i> berasal dari kata </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bahasa Latin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> cellula yang berarti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rongga&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Rongga (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">rongga</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">/ruangan.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada tahun 1835, sebelum teori Sel merupakan unit organisasi terkecil yang menjadi dasar kehidupan dalam arti biologis. Semua fungsi kehidupan diatur dan berlangsung di dalam sel. Karena itulah, sel dapat berfungsi secara autonom asalkan seluruh kebutuhan hidupnya terpenuhi.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Semua organisme selular terbagi ke dalam dua golongan besar berdasarkan arsitektur basal dari selnya, yaitu organisme prokariota dan organisme eukariota.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Organisme prokariota tidak memiliki inti sel dan mempunyai organisasi internal sel yang relatif lebih sederhana. Prokariota terbagi menjadi dua kelompok yang besar: eubakteria yang meliputi hampir seluruh jenis bakteri, dan archaea, kelompok prokariota yang sangat mirip dengan bakteri dan berkembang-biak di lingkungan yang ekstrem seperti sumber air panas yang bersifat asam atau air yang mengandung kadar garam yang sangat tinggi. Genom prokariota terdiri dari kromosom tunggal yang melingkar, tanpa organisasi DNA.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Organisme eukariota memiliki organisasi intraselular yang jauh lebih kompleks, antara lain dengan membran internal, organel yang memiliki membran tersendiri seperti inti sel dan sitoskeleton yang sangat terstruktur. Sel eukariota memiliki beberapa kromosom linear di dalam nuklei, di dalamnya terdapat sederet molekul DNA yang sangat panjang yang terbagi dalam paket-paket yang dipisahkan oleh histon dan protein yang lain.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jika panjang DNA diberi notasi C dan jumlah kromosom dalam genom diberi notasi n, maka notasi 2nC menunjukkan genom sel diploid, 1nC menunjukkan genom sel haploid, 3nC menunjukkan genom sel triploid, 4nC menunjukkan genom sel tetraploid. Pada manusia, C = 3,5 × 10-12 g, dengan n = 23, sehingga genom manusia dirumuskan menjadi 2 x 23 x 3,5 × 10-12, karena sel eukariota manusia memiliki genom diploid.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sejenis sel diploid yaitu sel nutfah dapat terdiferensiasi menjadi sel gamet haploid. Genom sel gamet pada manusia memiliki 23 kromosom, 22 diantaranya merupakan otosom, sisanya merupakan kromosom genital. Pada oosit, kromosom genital senantiasa memiliki notasi X, sedangkan pada spermatosit, kromosom dapat berupa X maupun Y. Setelah terjadi fertilisasi antara kedua sel gamet yang berbeda kromosom genitalnya, terbentuklah sebuah zigot diploid. Notasi genom yang digunakan untuk zigot adalah 46,XX atau 46,XY.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada umumnya sel somatik merupakan sel diploid, namun terdapat beberapa perkecualian, antara lain: sel darah merah dan keratinosit memiliki genom nuliploid. Hepatosit bergenom tetraploid 4nC, sedang megakariosit pada sumsum tulang belakang memiliki genom poliploid hingga 8nC, 16nC atau 32nC dan dapat melakukan proliferasi hingga menghasilkan ribuan sel nuliploid. Banyaknya ploidi pada sel terjadi sebagai akibat dari replikasi DNA yang tidak disertai pembelahan sel, yang lazim disebut sebagai endomitosis. sel menjadi lengkap, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Evangelista_Purkyn%C4%9B" title="Jan Evangelista Purkyně"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Jan Evangelista Purkyně</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> melakukan pengamatan terhadap </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Granula&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Granula (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">granula</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pada tanaman melalui mikroskop. Teori sel kemudian dikembangkan pada tahun 1839 oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Matthias_Jakob_Schleiden&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Matthias Jakob Schleiden (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Matthias Jakob Schleiden</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theodor_Schwann&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Theodor Schwann (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Theodor Schwann</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang mengatakan bahwa semua </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhluk_hidup" title="Makhluk hidup"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">makhluk hidup</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tersusun dari satu sel tunggal, yang disebut uniselular, atau lebih, yang disebut multiselular. Semua sel berasal dari sel yang telah ada sebelumnya, di dalam sel terjadi fungsi-fungsi vital demi kelangsungan hidup organisme dan terdapat informasi mengenai regulasi fungsi tersebut yang dapat diteruskan pada generasi sel berikutnya.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Struktur sel dan fungsi-fungsinya secara menakjubkan hampir serupa untuk semua organisme, namun jalur </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">evolusi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang ditempuh oleh masing-masing golongan besar organisme (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnum" title="Regnum"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Regnum</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) juga memiliki kekhususan sendiri-sendiri. Sel-sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokariota" title="Prokariota"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">prokariota</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> beradaptasi dengan kehidupan uniselular sedangkan sel-sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukariota" title="Eukariota"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">eukariota</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> beradaptasi untuk hidup saling bekerja sama dalam organisasi yang sangat rapi.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perkembangan sel</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Di dalam tubuh manusia, telah dikenali sekitar 210 jenis sel. Sebagaimana organisme multiselular lainnya, kehidupan manusia juga dimulai dari sebuah sel embrio diploid hasil dari fusi haploid </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oosit" title="Oosit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">oosit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spermatosit&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Spermatosit (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">spermatosit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang kemudian mengalami serangkaian mitosis. Pada tahap awal, sel-sel embrio bersifat </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Totipoten&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Totipoten (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">totipoten</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, setiap sel memiliki kapasitas untuk terdiferensiasi menjadi salah satu dari seluruh jenis sel tubuh. Selang berjalannya tahap perkembangan, kapasitas diferensiasi menjadi menurun menjadi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pluripoten&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Pluripoten (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">pluripoten</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, hingga menjadi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_progenitor" title="Sel progenitor"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel progenitor</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang hanya memiliki kapasitas untuk terdiferensiasi menjadi satu jenis sel saja, dengan kapasitas </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unipoten&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Unipoten (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">unipoten</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada level molekular, perkembangan sel dikendalikan melalui suatu proses pembelahan sel, diferensiasi sel, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morfogenesis&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Morfogenesis (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">morfogenesis</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis" title="Apoptosis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">apoptosis</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Tiap proses, pada awalnya, diaktivasi secara genetik, sebelum sel tersebut dapat menerima sinyal </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen" title="Mitogen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">mitogenik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dari lingkungan di luar sel.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Proses pembelahan sel</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siklus_sel" title="Siklus sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Siklus sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah proses duplikasi secara akurat untuk menghasilkan jumlah DNA kromosom yang cukup banyak dan mendukung segregasi untuk menghasilkan dua sel anakan yang identik secara genetik. Proses ini berlangsung terus-menerus dan berulang (siklik)</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sel tidak lepas dari siklus kehidupan yang dialami sel untuk tetap bertahan hidup. Siklus ini mengatur pertumbuhan sel dengan meregulasi waktu pembelahan dan mengatur perkembangan sel dengan mengatur jumlah ekspresi atau translasi gen pada masing-masing sel yang menentukan diferensiasinya.</span></div><h5 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></h5><h5 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fase pada siklus sel</span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></h5><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa S (sintesis): Tahap terjadinya replikasi DNA</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa M (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitosis" title="Mitosis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mitosis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">): Tahap terjadinya pembelahan sel (baik pembelahan biner atau pembentukan tunas)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa G (gap): Tahap pertumbuhan bagi sel. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa G<sub>0</sub>, sel yang baru saja mengalami pembelahan berada dalam keadaan diam atau sel tidak melakukan pertumbuhan maupun perkembangan. Kondisi ini sangat bergantung pada sinyal atau rangsangan baik dari luar atau dalam sel. Umum terjadi dan beberapa tidak melanjutkan pertumbuhan (dorman) dan mati.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa G<sub>1</sub>, sel eukariot mendapatkan sinyal untuk tumbuh, antara sitokinesis dan sintesis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa G<sub>2</sub>, pertumbuhan sel eukariot antara sintesis dan mitosis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa tersebut berlangsung dengan urutan S > G<sub>2</sub> > M > G<sub>0</sub> > G<sub>1</sub> > kembali ke S. Dalam konteks Mitosis, fase G dan S disebut sebagai Interfase.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Diferensiasi sel</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Regenerasi_sel&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Regenerasi sel (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Regenerasi sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah proses pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sel yang bertujuan untuk mengisi ruang tertentu pada jaringan atau memperbaiki bagian yang rusak.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diferensiasi_sel&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Diferensiasi sel (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Diferensiasi sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah proses pematangan suatu sel menjadi sel yang spesifik dan fungsional, terletak pada posisi tertentu di dalam jaringan, dan mendukung fisiologis hewan. Misalnya, sebuah <i>stem cell</i> mampu berdiferensiasi menjadi sel kulit.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Saat sebuah sel tunggal, yaitu sel yang telah dibuahi, mengalami pembelahan berulang kali dan menghasilkan pola akhir dengan keakuratan dan kompleksitas yang spektakuler, sel itu telah mengalami regenerasi dan diferensiasi.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regenerasi" title="Regenerasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Regenerasi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan diferensiasi sel hewan ditentukan oleh genom. Genom yang identik terdapat pada setiap sel, namun mengekspresikan set gen yang berbeda, bergantung pada jumlah gen yang diekspresikan. Misalnya, pada sel retina mata, tentu gen penyandi karakteristik penangkap cahaya terdapat dalam jumlah yang jauh lebih banyak daripada ekspresi gen indera lainnya.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Morfogenesis</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengekspresian gen itu sendiri memengaruhi jumlah sel, jenis sel, interaksi sel, bahkan lokasi sel. Oleh karena itu, sel hewan memiliki 4 proses esensial pengkonstruksian embrio yang diatur oleh ekspresi gen, sebagai berikut:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Proliferasi sel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menghasilkan banyak sel dari satu sel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Spesialisasi sel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menciptakan sel dengan karakteristik berbeda pada posisi yang berbeda</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Interaksi sel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mengkoordinasi perilaku sebuah sel dengan sel tetangganya</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pergerakan sel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menyusun sel untuk membentuk struktur jaringan dan organ</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada embrio yang berkembang, keempat proses ini berlangsung bersamaan. Tidak ada badan pengatur khusus untuk proses ini. Setiap sel dari jutaan sel embrio harus membuat keputusannya masing-masing, menurut jumlah kopi instruksi genetik dan kondisi khusus masing-masing sel.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel tubuh, seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otot" title="Otot"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">otot</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraf" title="Saraf"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">saraf</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dsb. tetap mempertahankan karakteristik karena masih mengingat sinyal yang diberikan oleh nenek moyangnya saat awal perkembangan embrio.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apoptosis</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apoptosis merupakan bagian dari perkembangan sel, sel tidak dapat mati begitu saja tanpa suatu mekanisme yang tertanam di dalam sel, yang dapat diaktivasi oleh sinyal internal maupun eksternal.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">[</span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sel_%28biologi%29&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Struktur sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">sunting</span></a><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">]</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> <span class="mw-headline">Struktur sel</span></span></h2><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">[</span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sel_%28biologi%29&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Sel eukariota"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">sunting</span></a><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">]</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> <span class="mw-headline">Sel eukariota</span></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara umum setiap sel memiliki</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membran_sel" title="Membran sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">membran sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">,</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitoplasma" title="Sitoplasma"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sitoplasma</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inti_sel" title="Inti sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">inti sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau nukleus.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sitoplasma dan inti sel bersama-sama disebut sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protoplasma&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Protoplasma (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">protoplasma</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Sitoplasma berwujud cairan kental (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitosol" title="Sitosol"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sitosol</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) yang di dalamnya terdapat berbagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organel" title="Organel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang memiliki fungsi yang terorganisasi untuk mendukung kehidupan sel. Organel memiliki struktur terpisah dari sitosol dan merupakan "kompartementasi" di dalam sel, sehingga memungkinkan terjadinya reaksi yang tidak mungkin berlangsung di sitosol. Sitoplasma juga didukung oleh jaringan kerangka yang mendukung bentuk sitoplasma sehingga tidak mudah berubah bentuk.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Organel-organel yang ditemukan pada sitoplasma adalah</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitokondria" title="Mitokondria"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mitokondria</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (kondriosom)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Golgi" title="Badan Golgi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">badan Golgi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (diktiosom)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retikulum_endoplasma" title="Retikulum endoplasma"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">retikulum endoplasma</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastida" title="Plastida"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">plastida</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (khusus tumbuhan, mencakup </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukoplas" title="Leukoplas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">leukoplas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloroplas" title="Kloroplas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kloroplas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromoplas" title="Kromoplas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kromoplas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakuola" title="Vakuola"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vakuola</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (khusus tumbuhan)</span></li>
</ul><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel prokariota</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel tumbuhan dan sel bakteri memiliki lapisan di luar membran yang dikenal sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinding_sel" title="Dinding sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">dinding sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Dinding sel bersifat tidak elastis dan membatasi perubahan ukuran sel. Keberadaan dinding sel juga menyebabkan terbentuknya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruang_antarsel&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ruang antarsel (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ruang antarsel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yang pada tumbuhan menjadi bagian penting dari transportasi hara dan mineral di dalam tubuh tumbuhan.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tumbuhan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteri" title="Bakteri"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bakteri</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> mempunyai beberapa perbedaan seperti berikut:</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableLightGridAccent2" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1;"> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 2.25pt; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 247.5pt;" valign="top" width="330"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sel tumbuhan</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 247.5pt;" valign="top" width="330"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sel hewan</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 247.5pt;" valign="top" width="330"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sel bakteri</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"></span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sel tumbuhan lebih besar daripada sel hewan.</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel hewan lebih kecil daripada sel tumbuhan.</span></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel bakteri sangat kecil.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Mempunyai bentuk yang tetap.</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak mempunyai bentuk yang tetap.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mempunyai bentuk yang tetap.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Mempunyai </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinding_sel" title="Dinding sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dinding sel</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"> [<i>cell wall</i>] dari </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selulosa" title="Selulosa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">selulosa</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">.</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinding_sel" title="Dinding sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dinding sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> [<i>cell wall</i>].</span></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinding_sel" title="Dinding sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dinding sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> [<i>cell wall</i>] dari lipoprotein.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Mempunyai </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastida" title="Plastida"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">plastida</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">.</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastida" title="Plastida"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">plastida</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastida" title="Plastida"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">plastida</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Mempunyai </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakuola" title="Vakuola"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vakuola</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"> [<i>vacuole</i>] atau rongga sel yang besar.</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakuola" title="Vakuola"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vakuola</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> [<i>vacuole</i>], walaupun kadang-kadang sel beberapa hewan uniseluler memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakuola" title="Vakuola"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vakuola</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (tapi tidak sebesar yang dimiliki tumbuhan). Yang biasa dimiliki hewan adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesikel" title="Vesikel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vesikel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau [<i>vesicle</i>].</span></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakuola" title="Vakuola"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vakuola</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Menyimpan tenaga dalam bentuk butiran (granul) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pati" title="Pati"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pati</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">.</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menyimpan tenaga dalam bentuk butiran (granul) </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glikogen" title="Glikogen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">glikogen</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tidak Mempunyai </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentrosom" title="Sentrosom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sentrosom</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"> [<i>centrosome</i>].</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentrosom" title="Sentrosom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sentrosom</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> [<i>centrosome</i>].</span></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak Mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentrosom" title="Sentrosom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sentrosom</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> [<i>centrosome</i>].</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tidak memiliki </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisosom" title="Lisosom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">lisosom</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"> [<i>lysosome</i>].</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisosom" title="Lisosom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">lisosom</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> [<i>lysosome</i>].</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Nukleus lebih kecil daripada vakuola.</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nukleus lebih besar daripada vesikel.</span></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak memiliki nukleus dalam arti sebenarnya.</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perbedaan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sel hewan dan tanaman</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara umum, perbedaan tersebut dapat dinyatakan sebagai berikut:</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableLightGridAccent3" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1;"> <td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 2.25pt; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Hewan</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tumbuhan</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"></span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Terdapat sentriol</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak ada sentriol</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tidak ada pembentukan dinding sel</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Terdapat sitokinesis dan pembentukan dinding sel</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Ada kutub animal dan vegetal</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak ada perbedaan kutub embriogenik, yang ada semacam epigeal dan hipogeal</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Jaringan sel hewan bergerak menjadi bentuk yang berbeda</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan sel tumbuhan tumbuh menjadi bentuk yang berbeda</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Terdapat proses gastrulasi</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Terdapat proses histodiferensiasi</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tidak terdapat jaringan embrionik seumur hidup</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Meristem sebagai jaringan embrionik seumur hidup</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Terdapat batasan pertumbuhan (ukuran tubuh)</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak ada batasan pertumbuhan, kecuali kemampuan akar dalam hal menopang berat tubuh bagian atas</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Apoptosis untuk perkembangan jaringan, melibatkan mitokondria dan caspase</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak ada "Apoptosis", yang ada lebih ke arah proteksi diri, tidak melibatkan mitokondria</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel-sel khusus</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel Tidak Berinti, contohnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trombosit" title="Trombosit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">trombosit</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrosit" title="Eritrosit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">eritrosit</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (Sel darah merah). Di dalam sel darah merah, terdapat </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobin" title="Hemoglobin"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">hemoglobin</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sebagai pengganti nukleus (inti sel).</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel Berinti Banyak, contohnya <i>Paramecium sp</i> dan sel otot</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel hewan berklorofil, contohnya euglena sp. Euglena sp adalah hewan uniseluler berklorofil.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel pendukung, contohnya adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sel_xilem&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sel xilem (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sel xilem</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Sel xilem akan mati dan meninggalkan dinding sel sebagai "tulang" dan saluran air. Kedua ini sangatlah membantu dalam proses transpirasi pada tumbuhan.</span></li>
</ul><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan</span></h1><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Jaringan</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah sekumpulan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel" title="Sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang memiliki bentuk dan fungsi yang sama. Jaringan-jaringan yang berbeda dapat bekerja sama untuk suatu fungsi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fisiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang sama membentuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ" title="Organ"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organ</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Jaringan dipelajari dalam cabang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang dinamakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histologi" title="Histologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">histologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sedangkan cabang biologi yang mempelajari berubahnya bentuk dan fungsi jaringan dalam hubungannya dengan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyakit" title="Penyakit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">penyakit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histopatologi" title="Histopatologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">histopatologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan dimiliki oleh organisme yang telah memiliki pembagian tugas untuk setiap kelompok sel-selnya. Organisme ber</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talus" title="Talus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">talus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alga" title="Alga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">alga</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> ("ganggang") dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fungi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> ("jamur"), tidak memiliki perbedaan jaringan, meskipun mereka dapat membentuk struktur-struktur khas mirip organ, seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tubuh_buah&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tubuh buah (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tubuh buah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sporofor&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sporofor (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sporofor</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan_lumut" title="Tumbuhan lumut"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tumbuhan lumut</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dapat dikatakan telah memiliki jaringan yang jelas, meskipun ia belum memiliki jaringan pembuluh yang jelas.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan hewan (termasuk manusia)</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ada empat kelompok jaringan dasar yang membentuk tubuh semua </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, termasuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">manusia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan organisme </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel" title="Sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">multiseluler</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tingkat rendah seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artropoda" title="Artropoda"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">artropoda</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: jaringan epitelium, jaringan pengikat, jaringan penyokong, dan jaringan saraf.</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitelium" title="Epitelium"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">epitelium</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan yang disusun oleh lapisan sel yang melapisi permukaan organ seperti permukaan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulit" title="Kulit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kulit</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Jaringan ini berfungsi untuk melindungi organ yang dilapisinya, sebagai organ </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekresi" title="Sekresi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sekresi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan penyerapan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan epitel terdiri dari 3 macam:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1. Eksotelium: epitel yang membungkus bagian luar tubuh</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2. Endotelium: epitel yang melapisi organ dalam tubuh</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3. Mesotelium: epitel yang membatasi rongga tubuh</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fungsi jaringan epitelium yakni:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a. Absorpsi, misalnya pada usus yang menyerap sari-sari makanan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b. Sekresi, contohnya testis yang mensekresikan sperma</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">c. Ekskresi, kulit yang mengeluarkan keringat</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">d. Transportasi, mengatur tekanan osmosis dalam tubuh</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">e. Proteksi, kulit melindungi jaringan tubuh di bawahnya</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">f. Penerima rangsang, kulit yang menanggapi rangsang dari luar</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">g. Pernapasan, kulit katak berfungsi sebagai alat pernapasan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">h. Alat gerak, selaput kaki pada kulit katak membantu dalam pergerakan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">g. Mengatur suhu tubuh, kulit mengatur suhu tubuh dengan mengeluarkan keringat jika tubuh kepanasan</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan pengikat.</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sesuai namanya, jaringan pengikat berfungsi untuk mengikat jaringan dan alat tubuh. Contoh jaringan ini adalah jaringan darah.</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan otot.</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan otot terbagi atas tiga kategori yang berbeda yaitu otot licin yang dapat ditemukan di organ tubuh bagian dalam, otot lurik yang dapat ditemukan pada rangka tubuh, dan otot jantung yang dapat ditemukan di jantung.</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan saraf.</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">adalah jaringan yang berfungsi untuk mengatur aktivitas otot dan organ serta menerima dan meneruskan rangsangan.</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan penyokong</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">adalah jaringan yang terdiri dari jaringan tulang rawan dan jaringan tulang yang berfungsi untuk memberi bentuk tubuh,melindungi tubuh,dan menguatkan bentuk tubuh</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan tumbuhan</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tumbuhan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> relatif lebih homogen daripada jaringan hewan. Tumbuhan tidak memiliki kemampuan lokomosi (berpindah)/bergerak secara aktif sebagaimana hewan. Meskipun demikian, banyak sel-sel baru terbentuk untuk berbagai jaringan sebagai kompensasi banyaknya sel-sel yang mati, yang menjadi pasif karena berperan sebagai sel-sel penyimpan cadangan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energi" title="Energi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">energi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (misalnya pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buah" title="Buah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">buah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbi" title="Umbi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">umbi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolit_sekunder" title="Metabolit sekunder"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">metabolit sekunder</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan untuk mengisi jaringan baru karena tumbuhan selalu bertambah massanya, khususnya bagi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan_tahunan" title="Tumbuhan tahunan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tumbuhan tahunan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Jaringan yang aktif memperbanyak diri dan tidak memiliki fungsi khusus disebut <i>jaringan meristematik</i>, sementara jaringan yang telah mantap dengan fungsinya disebut <i>jaringan tetap</i>/<i>permanen</i>.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan meristematik</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan meristematik terdiri dari sel-sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meristem" title="Meristem"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">meristem</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, suatu analog dari sel-</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_punca" title="Sel punca"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel punca</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (<i>stem cells</i>) hewan. Jaringan ini dapat ditemukan pada titik-</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Titik_tumbuh&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Titik tumbuh (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">titik tumbuh</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> di ujung </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batang" title="Batang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">batang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akar" title="Akar"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">akar</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (disebut meristem pucuk/ujung/apikal), di bawah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulit_kayu" title="Kulit kayu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kulit kayu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambium" title="Kambium"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kambium</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> gabus maupun kambium pembuluh, disebut meristem tepi/lateral), dan di tepi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruas&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ruas (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ruas</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buku_%28tumbuhan%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Buku (tumbuhan) (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">buku</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, serta pada pangkal tangkai daun (meristem antara/interkalar). Jaringan ini, terutama meristem ujung, mudah diinduksi untuk diperbanyak secara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vitro" title="In vitro"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">in vitro</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jargon" title="Jargon"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jargon</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultur_jaringan" title="Kultur jaringan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kultur jaringan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sel-sel ini dikatakan bersifat <i>embrionik</i> ("dapat membentuk embrio"). Jaringan meristematik juga terbentuk apabila ada bagian tumbuhan yang terbuka, misalnya karena terluka. Mobilisasi beberapa </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitohormon" title="Fitohormon"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fitohormon</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, biasanya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auksin" title="Auksin"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">auksin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sitokinin&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sitokinin (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sitokinin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, akan memicu terbentuknya sel-sel meristem yang membentuk semacam jaringan tidak terdiferensiasi yang disebut </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalus" title="Kalus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kalus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan permanen</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan permanen dikategorikan menjadi tiga kelompok utama: </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epidermis&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Epidermis (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">epidermis</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (jaringan pelindung, terdiri dari sel-sel yang menyusun lapisan luar </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daun" title="Daun"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">daun</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan bagian-bagian tumbuhan yang masih muda), </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_pengangkut" title="Jaringan pengangkut"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jaringan pengangkut</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (menyusun </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xilem" title="Xilem"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">xilem</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floem" title="Floem"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">floem</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_dasar" title="Jaringan dasar"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jaringan dasar</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (mencakup parenkim, klorenkim, kolenkim, dan sklerenkim).</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Epidermis melindungi bagian dalam organ sehingga tidak bersentuhan langsung dengan pengaruh keadaan di luar organ. Epidermis dapat dilindungi oleh lapisan tipis di bagian luar yang dikenal sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutikula" title="Kutikula"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kutikula</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Dapat juga ditemukan lapisan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malam_%28zat%29" title="Malam (zat)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">malam</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (<i>wax</i>). Sel-sel epidermis biasanya berbentuk segi empat apabila dilihat dari samping, berjajar homogen. Namun demikian, epidermis dapat mengalami perubahan menjadi sel-sel penutup atau sel penjaga </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stomata&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Stomata (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">stomata</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> beserta beberapa sel tetangga, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trikoma&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Trikoma (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">trikoma</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (miang atau rambut daun/batang), </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duri" title="Duri"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">duri</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, serta </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rambut_kelenjar&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Rambut kelenjar (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">rambut kelenjar</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan pengangkut dimiliki oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan_berpembuluh&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tumbuhan berpembuluh (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tumbuhan berpembuluh</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (Tracheophyta). </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnospermae" title="Gymnospermae"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Gymnospermae</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> memiliki jaringan trakeida, serabut trakeida, dan parenkim kayu sebagai penyusun xilem. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiospermae" title="Angiospermae"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Angiospermae</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> memiliki tambahan jaringan trakea selain jaringan yang dimiliki Gymnospermae. Floem (pembuluh tapis) tersusun dari jaringan buluh tapis dan sel-sel pengiring.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan dasar menyusun sebagian besar tubuh tumbuhan (biomassa). Kelompok jaringan ini memiliki banyak fungsi tergantung tempat ia berada. Seringkali ia mengisi bagian terbesar dari suatu organ, menyusun daging buah, kulit batang, isi umbi atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimpang" title="Rimpang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">rimpang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang menyimpan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pati" title="Pati"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">pati</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau metabolit sekunder tertentu (seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">alkaloid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpenoid" title="Terpenoid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">terpenoid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">). Jaringan ini juga dapat mengalami kematian dengan mengosongkan isi sel-selnya untuk membentuk struktur berongga (aerenkim) seperti ruang dalam gelembung pada tangkai daun </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eceng_gondok" title="Eceng gondok"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">eceng gondok</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau rongga dalam buluh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bambu" title="Bambu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bambu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem organ</span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Sistem Organ</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> merupakan bentuk kerjasama antar organ untuk melakukan fungsi - fungsi yang lebih kompleks lagi sehingga proses yang berlangsung di dalam tubuh suatu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dapat berjalan dengan baik sesuai aktivitas hidup </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang bersangkutan. Dalam melaksanakan kerja sama ini, setiap organ tidak bekerja sendiri-sendiri, melainkan organ - organ saling bergantung dan saling memengaruhi satu sama lainnya. Contoh sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ" title="Organ"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">organ</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pada hewan dan manusia antara lain sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pernapasan" title="Pernapasan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pernapasan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencernaan" title="Pencernaan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pencernaan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerak" title="Gerak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">gerak</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproduksi" title="Reproduksi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">reproduksi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peredaran_darah&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Peredaran darah (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">peredaran darah</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraf" title="Saraf"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">saraf</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekskresi" title="Ekskresi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ekskresi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Individu</span></h1><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Individu</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> merupakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit" title="Unit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">unit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> terkecil pembentuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masyarakat" title="Masyarakat"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">masyarakat</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu_sosial" title="Ilmu sosial"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ilmu sosial</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, individu berarti juga bagian terkecil dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelompok" title="Kelompok"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kelompok</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> masyarakat yang tidak dapat dipisah lagi menjadi bagian yang lebih kecil.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Sebagai contoh, suatu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keluarga" title="Keluarga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">keluarga</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> terdiri dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayah" title="Ayah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ayah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibu" title="Ibu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ibu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anak" title="Anak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">anak</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Ayah merupakan individu dalam kelompok sosial tersebut, yang sudah tidak dapat dibagi lagi ke dalam satuan yang lebih kecil. </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada dasarnya, setiap individu memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ciri&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ciri (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ciri</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-ciri yang berbeda.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[2]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Individu yang saling bergabung akan membentuk kelompok atau masyarakat.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[2]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Individu tersebut akan memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karakteristik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Karakteristik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">karakteristik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang sama dengan kelompok dimana dirinya bergabung.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Populasi</span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Populasi adalah kumpulan individu sejenis yang berada pada wilayah tertentu dan pada waktu yang tertentu pula.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
Kata <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">populasi</span> (dari bahasa Inggris: Population) dipakai untuk hal-hal berikut:</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam bidang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografi" title="Geografi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">geografi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> / </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demografi" title="Demografi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">demografi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, sebagai sinonim bagi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penduduk" title="Penduduk"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">penduduk</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam bidang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">biologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populasi_%28biologi%29" title="Populasi (biologi)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">populasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah sekumpulan individu dengan ciri-ciri sama (satu spesies yang sama) yang hidup dalam tempat dan waktu yang sama.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam bidang statistika, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populasi_%28statistika%29" title="Populasi (statistika)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">populasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah sekumpulan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data" title="Data"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">data</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang menjadi objek </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistika_inferensia" title="Statistika inferensia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">inferensi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span></li>
</ul><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Komunitas</span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Komunitas</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah sebuah kelompok </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosial" title="Sosial"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sosial</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dari beberapa </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang berbagi lingkungan, umumnya memiliki ketertarikan dan habitat yang sama. Dalam komunitas </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">manusia</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, individu-individu di dalamnya dapat memiliki maksud, kepercayaan, sumber daya, preferensi, kebutuhan, risiko dan sejumlah kondisi lain yang serupa. Komunitas berasal dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">bahasa Latin</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <i>communitas</i> yang berarti "kesamaan", kemudian dapat diturunkan dari <i>communis</i> yang berarti "sama, publik, dibagi oleh semua atau banyak".</span></div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem</span></h1><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Ekosistem</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah suatu sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ekologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang terbentuk oleh hubungan timbal balik tak terpisahkan antara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhluk_hidup" title="Makhluk hidup"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">makhluk hidup</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dengan lingkungannya.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Ekosistem bisa dikatakan juga suatu tatanan kesatuan secara utuh dan menyeluruh antara segenap unsur lingkungan hidup yang saling memengaruhi.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem merupakan penggabungan dari setiap unit </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biosistem&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Biosistem (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biosistem</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang melibatkan interaksi timbal balik antara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan lingkungan fisik sehingga aliran energi menuju kepada suatu struktur </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotik" title="Biotik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biotik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tertentu dan terjadi suatu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siklus_materi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Siklus materi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">siklus materi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> antara organisme dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anorganisme&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Anorganisme (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">anorganisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Matahari sebagai sumber dari semua energi yang ada. </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam ekosistem, organisme dalam komunitas berkembang bersama-sama dengan lingkungan fisik sebagai suatu sistem.</span> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Organisme akan beradaptasi dengan lingkungan fisik, sebaliknya organisme juga memengaruhi lingkungan fisik untuk keperluan hidup. Pengertian ini didasarkan pada Hipotesis Gaia, yaitu: "organisme, khususnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroorganisme" title="Mikroorganisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">mikroorganisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, bersama-sama dengan lingkungan fisik menghasilkan suatu sistem kontrol yang menjaga keadaan di bumi cocok untuk kehidupan". Hal ini mengarah pada kenyataan bahwa kandungan kimia </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfer" title="Atmosfer"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">atmosfer</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bumi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sangat terkendali dan sangat berbeda dengan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet" title="Planet"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">planet</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> lain dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_surya" title="Tata surya"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tata surya</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kehadiran, kelimpahan dan penyebaran suatu spesies dalam ekosistem ditentukan oleh tingkat ketersediaan sumber daya serta kondisi faktor kimiawi dan fisis yang harus berada dalam kisaran yang dapat ditoleransi oleh spesies tersebut, inilah yang disebut dengan hukum toleransi.</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Misalnya: Panda memiliki toleransi yang luas terhadap suhu, namun memiliki toleransi yang sempit terhadap makanannya, yaitu bambu. Dengan demikian, panda dapat hidup di ekosistem dengan kondisi apapun asalkan dalam ekosistem tersebut terdapat bambu sebagai sumber makanannya. Berbeda dengan makhluk hidup yang lain, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">manusia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dapat memperlebar kisaran toleransinya karena kemampuannya untuk berpikir, mengembangkan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknologi" title="Teknologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">teknologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan memanipulasi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alam" title="Alam"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">alam</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Wild_zebra_on_Kenya_countryside.jpg&filetimestamp=20050729174924"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="228" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.gif" width="308" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ekosistem padang rumput adalah contoh ekosistem terestrial</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Komponen pembentuk</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Komponen-komponen pembentuk ekosistem adalah:</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Abiotik</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Abiotik atau komponen tak hidup adalah komponen </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisik" title="Fisik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fisik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kimia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang merupakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium" title="Medium"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">medium</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substrat" title="Substrat"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">substrat</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tempat berlangsungnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kehidupan" title="Kehidupan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kehidupan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingkungan" title="Lingkungan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">lingkungan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tempat hidup.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[4]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Sebagian besar komponen abiotik bervariasi dalam ruang dan waktunya.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[2]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Komponen abiotik dapat berupa bahan organik, senyawa anorganik, dan faktor yang memengaruhi distribusi organisme, yaitu</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[2]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhu" title="Suhu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Suhu</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Proses biologi dipengaruhi suhu. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mamalia</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unggas" title="Unggas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">unggas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> membutuhkan energi untuk meregulasi temperatur dalam tubuhnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air" title="Air"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Air</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Ketersediaan air memengaruhi distribusi organisme. Organisme di gurun beradaptasi terhadap ketersediaan air di gurun.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garam" title="Garam"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Garam</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Konsentrasi garam memengaruhi kesetimbangan air dalam organisme melalui </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosis" title="Osmosis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">osmosis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Beberapa organisme </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terestrial" title="Terestrial"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">terestrial</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> beradaptasi dengan lingkungan dengan kandungan garam tinggi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahaya_matahari" title="Cahaya matahari"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cahaya matahari</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Intensitas dan kualitas cahaya memengaruhi proses </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotosintesis" title="Fotosintesis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">fotosintesis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Air dapat menyerap cahaya sehingga pada lingkungan air, fotosintesis terjadi di sekitar permukaan yang terjangkau cahaya matahari. Di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurun" title="Gurun"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">gurun</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, intensitas cahaya yang besar membuat peningkatan suhu sehingga </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">tumbuhan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tertekan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah" title="Tanah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tanah</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu" title="Batu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">batu</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Beberapa karakteristik tanah yang meliputi struktur fisik, pH, dan komposisi mineral membatasi penyebaran organisme berdasarkan pada kandungan sumber makanannya di tanah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iklim" title="Iklim"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Iklim</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Iklim adalah kondisi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuaca" title="Cuaca"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">cuaca</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dalam jangka waktu lama dalam suatu area. Iklim makro meliputi iklim </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Global (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">global</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional" title="Regional"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">regional</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lokal&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Lokal (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">lokal</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Iklim mikro meliputi iklim dalam suatu daerah yang dihuni </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunitas" title="Komunitas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">komunitas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tertentu.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biotik</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biotik adalah istilah yang biasanya digunakan untuk menyebut sesuatu yang hidup (organisme). Komponen biotik adalah suatu komponen yang menyusun suatu ekosistem selain komponen abiotik (tidak bernyawa). Berdasarkan peran dan fungsinya, makhluk hidup dibedakan menjadi tiga macam, yaitu:</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Heterotrof / Konsumen</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Komponen heterotrof terdiri dari organisme yang memanfaatkan bahan-bahan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Organik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang disediakan oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> lain sebagai makanannya . Komponen heterotrof disebut juga konsumen makro (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fagotrof&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Fagotrof (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fagotrof</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) karena makanan yang dimakan berukuran lebih kecil. Yang tergolong heterotrof adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">manusia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamur" title="Jamur"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jamur</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroba" title="Mikroba"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">mikroba</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengurai / dekomposer</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengurai atau dekomposer adalah organisme yang menguraikan bahan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Organik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang berasal dari organisme mati. Pengurai disebut juga konsumen makro (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sapotrof&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sapotrof (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sapotrof</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) karena makanan yang dimakan berukuran lebih besar. Organisme pengurai menyerap sebagian hasil penguraian tersebut dan melepaskan bahan-bahan yang sederhana yang dapat digunakan kembali oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produsen" title="Produsen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">produsen</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Yang tergolong pengurai adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteri" title="Bakteri"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bakteri</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamur" title="Jamur"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jamur</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Ada pula pengurai yang disebut </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detritivor" title="Detritivor"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">detritivor</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yaitu hewan pengurai yang memakan sisa-sisa bahan organik, contohnya adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kutu_kayu&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kutu kayu (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kutu kayu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Tipe dekomposisi ada tiga, yaitu</span> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobik" title="Aerobik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">aerobik</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : oksigen adalah penerima elektron / </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oksidan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Oksidan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">oksidan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobik" title="Anaerobik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">anaerobik</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : oksigen tidak terlibat. Bahan organik sebagai penerima elektron /oksidan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentasi" title="Fermentasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">fermentasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : anaerobik namun bahan organik yang teroksidasi juga sebagai penerima </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">elektron</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. komponen tersebut berada pada suatu tempat dan berinteraksi membentuk suatu kesatuan ekosistem yang teratur. Misalnya, pada suatu ekosistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akuarium" title="Akuarium"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">akuarium</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, ekosistem ini terdiri dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikan" title="Ikan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ikan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sebagai komponen heterotrof, tumbuhan air sebagai komponen autotrof, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plankton" title="Plankton"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">plankton</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang terapung di air sebagai komponen pengurai, sedangkan yang termasuk komponen </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abiotik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Abiotik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">abiotik</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air" title="Air"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">air</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasir" title="Pasir"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pasir</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu" title="Batu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">batu</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mineral</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">oksigen</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang terlarut dalam air. </span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketergantungan</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:FoodChain.svg&filetimestamp=20090330204623"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="298" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.gif" width="218" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rantai makanan</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketergantungan pada ekosistem dapat terjadi antar komponen biotik atau antara komponen biotik dan abiotik.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Antar komponen biotik</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketergantungan antar komponen biotik dapat terjadi melalui:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Rantai makanan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yaitu perpindahan materi dan energi melalui proses makan dan dimakan dengan urutan tertentu. Tiap tingkat dari rantai makanan disebut </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tingkat_trofi" title="Tingkat trofi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">tingkat trofi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau taraf trofi. Karena organisme pertama yang mampu menghasilkan zat makanan adalah tumbuhan maka tingkat trofi pertama selalu diduduki tumbuhan hijau sebagai produsen. Tingkat selanjutnya adalah tingkat trofi kedua, terdiri atas hewan pemakan tumbuhan yang biasa disebut </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsumen" title="Konsumen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">konsumen</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> primer. Hewan pemakan konsumen primer merupakan tingkat trofi ketiga, terdiri atas hewan-hewan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnivora" title="Karnivora"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">karnivora</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Setiap pertukaran energi dari satu tingkat trofi ke tingkat trofi lainnya, sebagian energi akan hilang. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Jaring- jaring makanan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yaitu rantai-rantai makanan yang saling berhubungan satu sama lain sedemikian rupa sehingga membentuk seperi jaring-jaring. Jaring-jaring makanan terjadi karena setiap jenis makhluk hidup tidak hanya memakan satu jenis makhluk hidup lainnya.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Antar komponen biotik dan abiotik</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketergantungan antara komponen biotik dan abiotik dapat terjadi melalui siklus materi, seperti</span> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">siklus </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">karbon</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">siklus air</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">siklus </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">nitrogen</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">siklus </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sulfur</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Siklus ini berfungsi untuk mencegah suatu bentuk materi menumpuk pada suatu tempat. Ulah manusia telah membuat suatu sistem yang awalnya siklik menjadi nonsiklik, manusia cenderung mengganggu keseimbangan lingkungan.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[2]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tipe-tipe Ekosistem</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara umum ada tiga tipe ekosistem, yaitu ekositem air, ekosisten darat, dan ekosistem buatan. </span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Akuatik (air)</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Upper_Lehman_Creek.jpg&filetimestamp=20080303162405"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="161" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.gif" width="238" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem sungai</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_air_tawar&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem air tawar (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem air tawar</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ciri-ciri ekosistem air tawar antara lain variasi suhu tidak menyolok, penetrasi cahaya kurang, dan terpengaruh oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iklim" title="Iklim"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">iklim</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuaca" title="Cuaca"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">cuaca</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Macam tumbuhan yang terbanyak adalah jenis </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganggang" title="Ganggang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ganggang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sedangkan lainnya tumbuhan biji. Hampir semua filum hewan terdapat dalam air tawar. Organisme yang hidup di air tawar pada umumnya telah beradaptasi. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_air_laut&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem air laut (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem air laut</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Habitat laut (oseanik) ditandai oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinitas" title="Salinitas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">salinitas</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (kadar garam) yang tinggi dengan ion CI<sup>-</sup> mencapai 55% terutama di daerah laut tropik, karena suhunya tinggi dan penguapan besar. Di daerah tropik, suhu laut sekitar 25 °C. Perbedaan suhu bagian atas dan bawah tinggi, sehingga terdapat batas antara lapisan air yang panas di bagian atas dengan air yang dingin di bagian bawah yang disebut daerah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Termoklin&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Termoklin (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">termoklin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_estuari&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem estuari (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem estuari</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Estuari (muara) merupakan tempat bersatunya sungai dengan laut. Estuari sering dipagari oleh lempengan lumpur </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intertidal&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Intertidal (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">intertidal</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang luas atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawa" title="Rawa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">rawa</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> garam. Ekosistem estuari memiliki produktivitas yang tinggi dan kaya akan nutrisi. Komunitas tumbuhan yang hidup di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Estuari&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Estuari (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">estuari</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> antara lain rumput rawa garam, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganggang" title="Ganggang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ganggang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitoplankton" title="Fitoplankton"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fitoplankton</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Komunitas hewannya antara lain berbagai cacing, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerang" title="Kerang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kerang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepiting" title="Kepiting"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kepiting</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikan" title="Ikan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ikan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_pantai&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem pantai (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem pantai</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dinamakan demikian karena yang paling banyak tumbuh di gundukan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasir" title="Pasir"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">pasir</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah tumbuhan <i>Ipomoea pes caprae</i> yang tahan terhadap hempasan gelombang dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angin" title="Angin"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">angin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Tumbuhan yang hidup di ekosistem ini menjalar dan berdaun tebal. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_sungai&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem sungai (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem sungai</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai" title="Sungai"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sungai</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah suatu badan air yang mengalir ke satu arah. Air sungai dingin dan jernih serta mengandung sedikit </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sedimen&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sedimen (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sedimen</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan makanan. Aliran air dan gelombang secara konstan memberikan oksigen pada air. Suhu air bervariasi sesuai dengan ketinggian dan garis </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lintang" title="Lintang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">lintang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Ekosistem sungai dihuni oleh hewan seperti ikan kucing, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gurame&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gurame (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">gurame</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kura-kura" title="Kura-kura"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kura-kura</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, ular, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buaya" title="Buaya"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">buaya</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumba-lumba" title="Lumba-lumba"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">lumba-lumba</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosistem_terumbu_karang" title="Ekosistem terumbu karang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem terumbu karang</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem ini terdiri dari coral yang berada dekat pantai. Efisiensi ekosistem ini sangat tinggi. Hewan-hewan yang hidup di karang memakan organisme mikroskopis dan sisa organik lain. Berbagai invertebrata, mikro organisme, dan ikan, hidup di antara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karang" title="Karang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">karang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan ganggang. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbivora" title="Herbivora"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Herbivora</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> seperti siput, landak laut, ikan, menjadi mangsa bagi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurita" title="Gurita"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">gurita</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bintang_laut" title="Bintang laut"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bintang laut</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan ikan karnivora. Kehadiran terumbu karang di dekat pantai membuat pantai memiliki pasir putih. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo23; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_laut_dalam&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem laut dalam (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem laut dalam</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kedalamannya lebih dari 6.000 m. Biasanya terdapat lele laut dan ikan laut yang dapat mengeluarkan cahaya. Sebagai produsen terdapat bakteri yang bersimbiosis dengan karang tertentu. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_lamun&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem lamun (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem lamun</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lamun atau <i>seagrass</i> adalah satu‑satunya kelompok tumbuh-tumbuhan berbunga yang hidup di lingkungan laut. Tumbuh‑tumbuhan ini hidup di habitat perairan pantai yang dangkal. Seperti halnya rumput di darat, mereka mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunas" title="Tunas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tunas</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> berdaun yang tegak dan tangkai‑tangkai yang merayap yang efektif untuk berbiak. Berbeda dengan tumbuh‑tumbuhan laut lainnya (alga dan rumput laut), lamun berbunga, berbuah dan menghasilkan biji. Mereka juga mempunyai akar dan sistem internal untuk mengangkut gas dan zat‑zat hara. Sebagai sumber daya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayati" title="Hayati"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hayati</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, lamun banyak dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai keperluan. </span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Terestrial (darat)</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Daintree_Rainforest.JPG&filetimestamp=20070616115732"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="225" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image014.gif" width="198" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem hutan hujan tropis memiliki produktivitas tinggi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Gasp%C3%A9_taiga.jpg&filetimestamp=20091217191418"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="150" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image016.gif" width="198" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem taiga merupakan hutan pinus dengan ciri iklim musim dingin yang panjang.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Greenland-sydkap_hg.jpg&filetimestamp=20071216202101"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="149" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image018.gif" width="198" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem tundra didominasi oleh vegetasi perdu.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penentuan zona dalam ekosistem terestrial ditentukan oleh temperatur dan curah hujan. Ekosistem terestrial dapat dikontrol oleh iklim dan gangguan. Iklim sangat penting untuk menentukan mengapa suatu ekosistem terestrial berada pada suatu tempat tertentu. Pola ekosistem dapat berubah akibat gangguan seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petir" title="Petir"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">petir</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, kebakaran, atau aktivitas manusia. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan_hujan_tropis" title="Hutan hujan tropis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hutan hujan tropis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hutan hujan tropis terdapat di daerah tropik dan subtropik. Ciri-cirinya adalah curah hujan 200-225 cm per tahun. Spesies pepohonan relatif banyak, jenisnya berbeda antara satu dengan yang lainnya tergantung </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Letak_geografis&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Letak geografis (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">letak geografisnya</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Tinggi pohon utama antara 20-40 m, cabang-cabang pohon tinggi dan berdaun lebat hingga membentuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tudung&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tudung (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tudung</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kanopi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kanopi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kanopi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">). Dalam hutan basah terjadi perubahan iklim mikro, yaitu iklim yang langsung terdapat di sekitar organisme. Daerah tudung cukup mendapat sinar matahari, variasi suhu dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelembapan" title="Kelembapan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kelembapan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tinggi, suhu sepanjang hari sekitar 25 °C. Dalam hutan hujan tropis sering terdapat tumbuhan khas, yaitu liana (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotan" title="Rotan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">rotan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anggrek" title="Anggrek"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">anggrek</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epifit" title="Epifit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">epifit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Hewannya antara lain, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kera" title="Kera"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kera</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burung" title="Burung"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">burung</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badak" title="Badak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">badak</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babi_hutan" title="Babi hutan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">babi hutan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harimau" title="Harimau"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">harimau</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burung_hantu" title="Burung hantu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">burung hantu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo26; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabana" title="Sabana"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sabana</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sabana dari daerah tropik terdapat di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilayah" title="Wilayah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">wilayah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dengan curah hujan 40 – 60 inci per tahun, tetapi temepratur dan kelembaban masih tergantung musim. Sabana yang terluas di dunia terdapat di Afrika; namun di Australia juga terdapat sabana yang luas. Hewan yang hidup di sabana antara lain </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serangga" title="Serangga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">serangga</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">mamalia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebra" title="Zebra"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">zebra</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singa" title="Singa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">singa</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyena" title="Hyena"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hyena</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo27; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padang_rumput" title="Padang rumput"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Padang rumput</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Padang rumput terdapat di daerah yang terbentang dari daerah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tropik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tropik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> ke </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subtropik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Subtropik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">subtropik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Ciri-ciri padang rumput adalah curah hujan kurang lebih 25-30 cm per tahun, hujan turun tidak teratur, porositas (peresapan air) tinggi, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainase" title="Drainase"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">drainase</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (aliran air) cepat. Tumbuhan yang ada terdiri atas tumbuhan terna (herbs) dan rumput yang keduanya tergantung pada kelembapan. Hewannya antara lain: bison, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebra" title="Zebra"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">zebra</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singa" title="Singa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">singa</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, anjing liar, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serigala" title="Serigala"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">serigala</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajah" title="Gajah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">gajah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerapah" title="Jerapah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jerapah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, kangguru, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serangga" title="Serangga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">serangga</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikus" title="Tikus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tikus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ular" title="Ular"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ular</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo28; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurun" title="Gurun"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gurun</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gurun terdapat di daerah tropik yang berbatasan dengan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padang_rumput" title="Padang rumput"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">padang rumput</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Ciri-ciri ekosistem gurun adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gersang" title="Gersang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">gersang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curah_hujan" title="Curah hujan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">curah hujan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> rendah (25 cm/tahun). Perbedaan suhu antara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siang" title="Siang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">siang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malam" title="Malam"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">malam</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sangat besar. Tumbuhan semusim yang terdapat di gurun berukuran kecil. Selain itu, di gurun dijumpai pula tumbuhan menahun berdaun seperti duri contohnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaktus" title="Kaktus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kaktus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, atau tak berdaun dan memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akar" title="Akar"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">akar</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> panjang serta mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan" title="Jaringan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jaringan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> untuk menyimpan air. Hewan yang hidup di gurun antara lain rodentia, semut, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ular" title="Ular"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ular</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadal" title="Kadal"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kadal</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katak" title="Katak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">katak</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalajengking" title="Kalajengking"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kalajengking</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan beberapa hewan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokturnal" title="Nokturnal"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">nokturnal</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> lain. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo29; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan_gugur" title="Hutan gugur"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hutan gugur</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hutan gugur terdapat di daerah beriklim sedang yang memiliki emapt musim, ciri-cirinya adalah curah hujan merata sepanjang tahun. Jenis pohon sedikit (10 s/d 20) dan tidak terlalu rapat. Hewan yang terdapat di hutam gugur antara lain rusa, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beruang" title="Beruang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">beruang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, rubah, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajing" title="Bajing"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bajing</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burung_pelatuk" title="Burung pelatuk"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">burung pelatuk</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan rakun (sebangsa luwak). </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo30; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiga" title="Taiga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Taiga</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Taiga terdapat di belahan bumi sebelah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utara" title="Utara"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">utara</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan di pegunungan daerah tropik, ciri-cirinya adalah suhu di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musim_dingin" title="Musim dingin"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">musim dingin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> rendah. Biasanya taiga merupakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan" title="Hutan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hutan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang tersusun atas satu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spesies" title="Spesies"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">spesies</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konifer" title="Konifer"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">konifer</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinus" title="Pinus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">pinus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan sejenisnya. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semak" title="Semak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Semak</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan tumbuhan basah sedikit sekali, sedangkan hewannya antara lain moose, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beruang" title="Beruang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">beruang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> hitam, ajag, dan burung-burung yang bermigrasi ke </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selatan" title="Selatan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">selatan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musim_gugur" title="Musim gugur"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">musim gugur</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo31; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tundra</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tundra terdapat di belahan bumi sebelah utara di dalam lingkaran </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutub_utara" title="Kutub utara"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kutub utara</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan terdapat di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puncak" title="Puncak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">puncak</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-puncak gunung tinggi. Pertumbuhan tanaman di daerah ini hanya 60 hari. Contoh tumbuhan yang dominan adalah sphagnum, liken, tumbuhan biji semusim, tumbuhan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdu" title="Perdu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">perdu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumput" title="Rumput"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">rumput</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> alang-alang. Pada umumnya, tumbuhannya mampu beradaptasi dengan keadaan yang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dingin&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Dingin (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">dingin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo32; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Karst (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batu_gamping&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Batu gamping (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">batu gamping</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> /gua).</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Karst berawal dari nama kawasan batu gamping di wilayah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Yugoslavia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Kawasan karst di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Indonesia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> rata-rata mempunyai ciri-ciri yang hampir sama yaitu, tanahnya kurang subur untuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertanian" title="Pertanian"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">pertanian</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sensitif terhadap </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosi" title="Erosi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">erosi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, mudah longsor, bersifat rentan dengan pori-pori </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aerasi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Aerasi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">aerasi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang rendah, gaya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Permeabilitas&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Permeabilitas (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">permeabilitas</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang lamban dan didominasi oleh pori-pori mikro. Ekosistem karst mengalami keunikan tersendiri, dengan keragaman aspek biotis yang tidak dijumpai di ekosistem lain. </span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Buatan</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Bali_riziere.jpg&filetimestamp=20081026101601"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="149" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.gif" width="228" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sawah merupakan salah satu contoh ekosistem buatan</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem buatan adalah ekosistem yang diciptakan manusia untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya. Ekosistem buatan mendapatkan subsidi energi dari luar, tanaman atau hewan peliharaan didominasi pengaruh manusia, dan memiliki keanekaragaman rendah. Contoh ekosistem buatan adalah:</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendungan" title="Bendungan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">bendungan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">hutan tanaman </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produksi" title="Produksi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">produksi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jati" title="Jati"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">jati</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinus" title="Pinus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pinus</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agroekosistem&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Agroekosistem (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">agroekosistem</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> berupa sawah tadah hujan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawah" title="Sawah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sawah</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> irigasi</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">perkebunan sawit</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ekosistem pemukiman seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota" title="Kota"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kota</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desa" title="Desa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">desa</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ekosistem ruang angkasa. </span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem kota memiliki metabolisme tinggi sehingga butuh energi yang banyak. Kebutuhan materi juga tinggi dan tergantung dari luar, serta memiliki pengeluaran yang eksesif seperti polusi dan panas. </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem ruang angkasa bukan merupakan suatu sistem tertutup yang dapat memenuhi sendiri kebutuhannya tanpa tergantung input dari luar. Semua ekosistem dan kehidupan selalu bergantung pada bumi. </span></div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bioma</span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah sekelompok </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">tumbuhan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang tinggal di suatu lokasi geografis tertentu. Bioma terbagi menjadi beberapa jenis, ditentukan oleh curah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hujan" title="Hujan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hujan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan intensitas </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahaya" title="Cahaya"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">cahaya</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matahari" title="Matahari"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">mataharinya</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berikut ini adalah pembagian bioma:</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">tundra</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiga" title="Taiga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">taiga</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">/hutan konifer</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padang_gurun" title="Padang gurun"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">padang gurun</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padang_rumput" title="Padang rumput"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">padang rumput</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan_gugur" title="Hutan gugur"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hutan gugur</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, dan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan_hujan_tropis" title="Hutan hujan tropis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hutan hujan tropis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BELAJARLAH</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> YANG </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">RAJIN</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> UNTUK </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">MENGGAPAI</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> CITA-CITAMU. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SMART</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> EDUCATION </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SELALU</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> MENDUKUNG </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PRESTASI</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> ANAK </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BANGSA.</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Apabila ada tambahan, saran dan kritik, tolong tambahkan pada kolom komentar di bawah ini. Terima Kasih.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div>Les privathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00989767684801832891noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5255298841592842633.post-10591731720136799602011-08-11T00:24:00.001-07:002011-08-11T00:24:34.930-07:00ILMU BERDASARKAN ASPEK KEHIDUPAN<!--[if !mso]> <style>
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mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent2;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
line-height:normal;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2LastRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:last-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:2.25pt double #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-insideh:cell-none;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent2;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
line-height:normal;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2FirstCol
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:first-column;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2LastCol
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:last-column;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent2;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2OddColumn
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:odd-column;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-shading:#EFD3D2;
mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-shading-themetint:63;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent2;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2OddRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:odd-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-shading:#EFD3D2;
mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-shading-themetint:63;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent2;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2EvenRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:even-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent2;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:1;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:1;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
border:solid #9BBB59 1.0pt;
mso-border-themecolor:accent3;
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-border-insideh:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-border-insideh-themecolor:accent3;
mso-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-border-insidev-themecolor:accent3;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3FirstRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:first-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:2.25pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-insideh:cell-none;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent3;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
line-height:normal;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3LastRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:last-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:2.25pt double #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-insideh:cell-none;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent3;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
line-height:normal;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3FirstCol
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:first-column;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3LastCol
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:last-column;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent3;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3OddColumn
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:odd-column;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-shading:#E6EED5;
mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-shading-themetint:63;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent3;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3OddRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:odd-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-shading:#E6EED5;
mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-shading-themetint:63;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent3;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3EvenRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:even-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent3;}
</style> <![endif]--> <br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMART</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">EDUCATION</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KHUSUS MENGAJAR LES PRIVAT TINGKATAN </span></u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SD </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMP </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN (KHUSUS) :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 22.5pt; width: 499px;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 1.5in; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="height: 1.5in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.95in;" valign="top" width="187"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">IPA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">IPS</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">AKUNTANSI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATEMATIKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BIOLOGI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KIMIA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">FISIKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">EKONOMI </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> <td style="height: 1.5in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.25in;" valign="top" width="312"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">GEOGRAFI </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SEJARAH</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">11.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SOSIOLOGI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">12.BAHASA INDONESIA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">13.BAHASA INGGRIS </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">14.BAHASA JEPANG </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">15.BAHASA JERMAN</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">16.BAHASA JAWA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">17. KOMPUTER </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NON EDUCATION :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MUSIK → GITAR, DRUM, PIANO, ORGEN, KEYBOARD DLL</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SENI → SENI RUPA, SENI TARI, DRAMA DLL</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CATUR</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">UNTUK INFORMASI DAN PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">HUBUNGI </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">089676659020</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TENAGA PENGAJAR DI AMBIL DARI MAHASISWA TERPILIH DAN TERBAIK DARI PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI SURABAYA. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BIAYA :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : 5000</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
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</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN IPA MENCAKUP MATEMATIKA, BIOLOGI, KIMIA, FISIKA :</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN IPS MENCAKUP AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI, GEOGRAFI, SOSIOLOGI, SEJARAH : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MENCAKUP BAHASA INGGRIS, BAHASA INDONESIA, BAHASA JERMAN, BAHASA JEPANG, BAHASA JAWA : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SD (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN<b>)</b></span><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMP (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : <span style="color: blue;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMA (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : 60.000</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: blue;">/ PERTEMUAN / TATAP<b> </b>MUKA</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MUSIK : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SENI : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CATUR : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">35.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NB : Biaya sewaktu-waktu bisa naik atau turun setelah di negosiasikan tergantung lokasi rumah siswa. MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA – SIDOARJO</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SEKILAS ARTIKEL TENTANG BIOLOGI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(DIPOSKAN OLEH LBB SMART EDUCATION : LES PRIVAT KOTA SURABAYA DAN SIDOARJO</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Biologi</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Biologi</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ilmu hayat</span> adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu" title="Ilmu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ilmu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang mempelajari aspek fisik </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kehidupan" title="Kehidupan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kehidupan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Istilah "biologi" dipinjam dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Belanda" title="Bahasa Belanda"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bahasa Belanda</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, <i>biologie</i>, yang juga diturunkan dari gabungan kata </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bahasa Yunani</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, βίος, <i>bios</i> ("hidup") dan λόγος,<i>logos</i> ("lambang", "ilmu"). Istilah "ilmu hayat" dipinjam dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bahasa Arab</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, juga berarti "ilmu kehidupan". Obyek kajian </span><strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pada masa kini sangat luas dan mencakup semua </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhluk_hidup" title="Makhluk hidup"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">makhluk hidup</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dalam berbagai aspek kehidupannya.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berbagai cabang biologi mengkhususkan diri pada setiap kelompok </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botani" title="Botani"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">botani</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu tentang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tumbuhan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoologi" title="Zoologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">zoologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu tentang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrobiologi" title="Mikrobiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">mikrobiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu tentang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasad_renik" title="Jasad renik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jasad renik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">). Perbedaan-perbedaan dan pengelompokan berdasarkan ciri-ciri fisik kelompok organisme dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistematika" title="Sistematika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sistematika</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yang di dalamnya mencakup pula </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taksonomi" title="Taksonomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">taksonomi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paleobiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Paleobiologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">paleobiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berbagai aspek kehidupan dikaji pula dalam biologi. Ciri-ciri fisik bagian tubuh dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomi" title="Anatomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">anatomi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfologi" title="Morfologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">morfologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sementara fungsinya dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fisiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Perilaku hewan dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etologi" title="Etologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">etologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Perkembangan ciri fisik makhluk hidup dalam kurun waktu panjang dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">evolusi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sedangkan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan dalam siklus kehidupan dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_perkembangan" title="Biologi perkembangan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi perkembangan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Interaksi antarsesama makhluk dan dengan alam sekitar mereka dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ekologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">; Mekanisme pewarisan sifat—yang berguna dalam upaya menjaga kelangsungan hidup suatu jenis makhluk hidup—dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">genetika</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Saat ini bahkan berkembang aspek biologi yang mengkaji kemungkinan berevolusinya makhluk hidup pada masa yang akan datang, juga kemungkinan adanya makhluk hidup di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet" title="Planet"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">planet</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-planet selain </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bumi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yaitu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrobiologi" title="Astrobiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">astrobiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Sementara itu, perkembangan teknologi memungkinkan pengkajian pada tingkat molekul penyusun organisme melalui </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_molekular" title="Biologi molekular"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi molekular</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> serta </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biokimia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yang banyak didukung oleh perkembangan teknik komputasi melalui bidang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatika" title="Bioinformatika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bioinformatika</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu biologi banyak berkembang pada abad ke-19, dengan ilmuwan menemukan bahwa organisme memiliki karakteristik pokok. Biologi kini merupakan subyek pelajaran sekolah dan universitas di seluruh dunia, dengan lebih dari jutaan makalah dibuat setiap tahun dalam susunan luas jurnal biologi dan kedokteran. </span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; margin-left: .05in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-cellspacing: 0in; mso-padding-alt: 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:EscherichiaColi_NIAID.jpg&filetimestamp=20050410214037" title=""Escherichia coli" "><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="Escherichia coli" border="0" height="76" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.jpg" width="90" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Tree_Fern.jpg&filetimestamp=20050626174418" title=""Pakis." "><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="Pakis." border="0" height="104" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" width="90" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Goliath_beetle.jpg&filetimestamp=20051004185109" title=""Kumbang tanduk" "><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="Kumbang tanduk" border="0" height="109" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.jpg" width="90" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Thompson%27s_Gazelle.jpeg&filetimestamp=20050602174531" title=""Rusa" "><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="Rusa" border="0" height="75" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.jpg" width="90" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Biologi mempelajari ilmu mengenai kehidupan. Dari kiri atas, bakteri </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Escherichia coli</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">tumbuhan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan_paku" title="Tumbuhan paku"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">pakis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusa" title="Rusa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">rusa</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, serangga </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goliathus" title="Goliathus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">kumbang tanduk</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Asal mula biologi</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Aristoteles dan biologi</span></span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu biologi dirintis oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Aristoteles</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, ilmuwan berkebangsaan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Yunani</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Dalam terminologi Aristoteles, "filosofi alam" adalah cabang filosofi yang meneliti fenomena alam, dan mencakupi bidang yang kini disebut sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fisika</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan ilmu pengetahuan alam lainnya.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Aristoteles melakukan penelitian sejarah alam di pulau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesbos" title="Lesbos"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Lesbos</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Hasil penelitiannya, termasuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Hewan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sejarah Hewan (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sejarah Hewan</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Generasi_Hewan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Generasi Hewan (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Generasi Hewan</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bagian_Hewan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Bagian Hewan (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Bagian Hewan</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, berisi beberapa observasi dan interpretasi, dan juga terdapat mitos dan kesalahan. Bagian yang penting adalah mengenai kehidupan laut. Ia memisahkan mamalia laut dari ikan, dan mengetahui bahwa hiu dan pari adalah bagian dari grup yang ia sebut Selachē (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Selachians&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Selachians (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">selachians</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">). </span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Didirikannya biologi modern</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Istilah biologi dalam pengertian modern kelihatannya diperkenalkan secara terpisah oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Reinhold_Treviranus&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biologie_oder_Philosophie_der_lebenden_Natur&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Biologie oder Philosophie der lebenden Natur (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Biologie oder Philosophie der lebenden Natur</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1802" title="1802"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">1802</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lamarck" title="Jean-Baptiste Lamarck"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Jean-Baptiste Lamarck</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydrog%C3%A9ologie&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Hydrogéologie (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Hydrogéologie</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, 1802). Namun, istilah biologi sebenarnya telah dipakai pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1800" title="1800"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">1800</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl_Friedrich_Burdach&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Karl Friedrich Burdach (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Karl Friedrich Burdach</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Bahkan, sebelumnya, istilah itu juga telah muncul dalam judul buku </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Christoph_Hanov&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Michael Christoph Hanov (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Michael Christoph Hanov</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> jilid ke-3 yang terbit pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1766" title="1766"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">1766</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yaitu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philosophiae_Naturalis_Sive_Physicae_Dogmaticae:_Geologia,_Biologia,_Phytologia_Generais_et_Dendrologia&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Philosophiae Naturalis Sive Physicae Dogmaticae: Geologia, Biologia, Phytologia Generais et Dendrologia (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Philosophiae Naturalis Sive Physicae Dogmaticae: Geologia, Biologia, Phytologia Generais et Dendrologia</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 323.25pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cakupan</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></h2><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada masa kini, biologi mencakup bidang akademik yang sangat luas, bersentuhan dengan bidang-bidang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sains" title="Sains"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sains</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang lain, dan sering kali dipandang sebagai ilmu yang mandiri. Namun, pencabangan biologi selalu mengikuti tiga dimensi yang saling tegak lurus: <i>keanekaragaman</i> (berdasarkan kelompok organisme), <i>organisasi kehidupan</i> (taraf kajian dari sistem kehidupan), dan <i>interaksi</i> (hubungan antarunit kehidupan serta antara unit kehidupan dengan lingkungannya).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Daftar ilmu-ilmu hayati</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ilmu-ilmu hayati</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (<i>biosciences</i>) mencakup semua disiplin </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu" title="Ilmu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ilmu</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang mempelajari aspek kehidupan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan makhluk suborganisme (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus" title="Virus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">virus</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viroid&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Viroid (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">viroid</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prion" title="Prion"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">prion</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">). Semula menginduk dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">biologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, semenjak akhir abad ke-19 hingga sekarang berbagai ilmu telah berkembang menuju ke arah kekhususan atau menggunakan alat-alat dari cabang utama ilmu pengetahuan lainnya sehingga menjadi disiplin yang cukup berbeda. Saat ini, ilmu-ilmu hayati berjumlah ratusan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Biologi sendiri semula merupakan bagian dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu_alam" title="Ilmu alam"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ilmu pengetahuan alam</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (<i>natural sciences</i>) yang dipelajari oleh para naturalis (ahli ilmu-ilmu alamiah). Biologi sebagai ilmu yang mandiri, dalam arti memiliki perangkat analisis dan konsep-konsep ilmiah yang kokoh, baru terbentuk pada abad ke-18, setelah penemuan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroskop" title="Mikroskop"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">mikroskop</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan tumbangnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">dogma</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Generatio_spontanea&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Generatio spontanea (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">generatio spontanea</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> oleh konsep </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Omne_vivum_ex_vivo&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Omne vivum ex vivo (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">omne vivum ex vivo</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Konsep </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">evolusi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, pewarisan sifat (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditas" title="Hereditas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hereditas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">), dan penemuan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA" title="DNA"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">DNA</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> sebagai bahan genetik memacu perkembangan biologi secara pesat.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pembagian disiplin ilmu di bawah ini tidak bersifat mutlak karena beberapa di antaranya sekarang dianggap mandiri walaupun masih memiliki keterkaitan dengan bidang induknya, misalnya genetika dengan fisiologi, biologi molekular dengan genetika, dan sebagainya. Selain itu, karena dinamisnya perkembangan ilmu-ilmu ini, seringkali ilmu-ilmu ini saling bertemu dan menghasilkan kajian antardisiplin.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu-ilmu berdasarkan kelompok organisme</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taksonomi" title="Taksonomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Taksonomi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">/Klasifikasi</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologi" title="Virologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Virologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi virus)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrobiologi" title="Mikrobiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mikrobiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi mikroorganisme) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteriologi" title="Bakteriologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bakteriologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi bakteri)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoologi" title="Protozoologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Protozoologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi protozoa)</span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikologi" title="Mikologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mikologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">jamur, kapang dan ragi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botani" title="Botani"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Botani</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi tumbuhan) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fikologi" title="Fikologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fikologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi alga)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pteridologi" title="Pteridologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pteridologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan_paku" title="Tumbuhan paku"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pakis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bryologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Bryologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bryologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi lumut)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrologi" title="Dendrologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dendrologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleobotani" title="Paleobotani"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Paleobotani</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoologi" title="Zoologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Zoologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi hewan) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nematologi" title="Nematologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nematologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi nematoda)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakologi" title="Malakologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Malakologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi moluska)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entomologi" title="Entomologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Entomologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi serangga) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="square"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apiari&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Apiari (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apiari</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi dan ternak lebah)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mirmekologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Mirmekologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mirmekologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi rayap)</span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iktiologi" title="Iktiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Iktiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi ikan)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpetologi" title="Herpetologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Herpetologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi reptilia dan amfibia)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornitologi" title="Ornitologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ornitologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi unggas)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamologi" title="Mamologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mamologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi mamalia) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="square"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primatologi" title="Primatologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Primatologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi primata)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rodentiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Rodentiologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rodentiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi rodentia)</span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleozoologi" title="Paleozoologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Paleozoologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoologi_perbandingan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Zoologi perbandingan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Zoologi perbandingan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul></ul><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu-ilmu berdasarkan hierarki organisasi</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo36; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_sel" title="Biologi sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biologi sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sel_molekular&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Biologi sel molekular (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biologi sel molekular</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo36; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomi" title="Anatomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Anatomi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomi_perbandingan" title="Anatomi perbandingan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Anatomi perbandingan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitologi" title="Sitologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sitologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu Sel)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histologi" title="Histologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Histologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu jaringan)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Organologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Organologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu organ) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="square"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonologi" title="Pulmonologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pulmonologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (paru-paru)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardiologi" title="Kardiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kardiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (jantung)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiologi" title="Radiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Radiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurologi" title="Neurologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Neurologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (saraf)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viscerologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Viscerologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Viscerologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfologi" title="Morfologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Morfologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (fisik luar) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="square"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pomologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Pomologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pomologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palinologi" title="Palinologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Palinologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul></ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo36; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fisiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (fungsi dalam tubuh) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patologi" title="Patologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Patologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onkologi" title="Onkologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Onkologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzimologi" title="Enzimologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Enzimologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imunologi" title="Imunologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Imunologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo36; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekofisiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekofisiologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekofisiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekologi_molekular&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekologi molekular (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekologi molekular</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limnologi" title="Limnologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Limnologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biologi_udara&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Biologi udara (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biologi udara</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseanografi" title="Oseanografi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Oseanografi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiologi" title="Epidemiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Epidemiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toksikologi" title="Toksikologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Toksikologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_kelautan" title="Biologi kelautan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biologi kelautan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul></ul><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu-ilmu berdasarkan aspek kehidupan</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_reproduksi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu reproduksi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu reproduksi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_perkembangan" title="Biologi perkembangan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biologi perkembangan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenologi" title="Fenologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fenologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filogeni" title="Filogeni"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Filogeni</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleontologi" title="Paleontologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Paleontologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, pewarisan sifat pada makhluk hidup </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Genetika_sel&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Genetika sel (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (sitogenetika)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika_molekular" title="Genetika molekular"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika molekular</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Genetika_Mendel&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Genetika Mendel (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika Mendel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika_populasi" title="Genetika populasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika populasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika_kuantitatif" title="Genetika kuantitatif"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika kuantitatif</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Genetika_perkembangan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Genetika perkembangan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika perkembangan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Genetika_evolusionar&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Genetika evolusionar (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika evolusionar</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fisiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fisiologi_perkembangan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Fisiologi perkembangan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fisiologi perkembangan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzimologi" title="Enzimologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Enzimologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imunologi" title="Imunologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Imunologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endokrinologi" title="Endokrinologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Endokrinologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fisiologi_molekular&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Fisiologi molekular (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fisiologi molekular</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Evolusi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etologi" title="Etologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Etologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu perilaku hewan)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_molekular" title="Biologi molekular"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biologi molekular</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cell_signalling&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Cell signalling (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cell signalling</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomika" title="Genomika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genomika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transkriptomika" title="Transkriptomika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Transkriptomika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteomika" title="Proteomika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Proteomika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolomika" title="Metabolomika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Metabolomika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Systems_Biology&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Systems Biology (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Systems Biology</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul></ul><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu-ilmu campuran dan terapan</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biokimia</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo38; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknik_bioproses" title="Teknik bioproses"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teknik biokimia</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofisika" title="Biofisika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biofisika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatika" title="Bioinformatika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bioinformatika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biostatistika" title="Biostatistika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biostatistika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">/Biometrika</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografi" title="Biogeografi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biogeografi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agronomi" title="Agronomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Agronomi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu_tanah" title="Ilmu tanah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu tanah</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitopatologi" title="Fitopatologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fitopatologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulma" title="Gulma"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">gulma</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hortikultura" title="Hortikultura"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hortikultura</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemuliaan" title="Pemuliaan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pemuliaan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Produksi_ternak&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Produksi ternak (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">produksi ternak</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kehutanan" title="Kehutanan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kehutanan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo38; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_budidaya_hutan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu budidaya hutan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu budidaya hutan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (agroforestri)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo38; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Konservasi_sumber_daya_alam&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Konservasi sumber daya alam (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Konservasi sumber daya alam</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perikanan" title="Perikanan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">perikanan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedokteran_hewan" title="Kedokteran hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kedokteran hewan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (veteriner)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedokteran" title="Kedokteran"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kedokteran</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu-ilmu yang dipelajari dalam kedokteran dicantumkan terpisah (lihat di bawah)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrobiologi" title="Astrobiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Astrobiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> / Eksobiologi</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioteknologi" title="Bioteknologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bioteknologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo38; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rekayasa_genetika" title="Rekayasa genetika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rekayasa genetika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo38; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teknologi_enzim&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Teknologi enzim (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teknologi enzim</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo38; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknik_bioproses" title="Teknik bioproses"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teknik bioproses</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_biologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sejarah biologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sejarah biologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu-ilmu yang dipelajari dalam bidang kedokteran/pengobatan/kesehatan</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patologi" title="Patologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Patologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_penyakit_dalam&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu penyakit dalam (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu penyakit dalam</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venereologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Venereologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Venereologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obstetri&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Obstetri (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Obstetri</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onkologi" title="Onkologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Onkologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_kedokteran_forensik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu kedokteran forensik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu kedokteran forensik</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_kedokteran_molekular&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu kedokteran molekular (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu kedokteran molekular</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_kedokteran_klinik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu kedokteran klinik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu kedokteran klinik</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_kedokteran_gigi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu kedokteran gigi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu kedokteran gigi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodonti" title="Periodonti"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Periodonti</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ortodonti&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ortodonti (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ortodonti</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nasofaringologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Nasofaringologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nasofaringologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginekologi" title="Ginekologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ginekologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perinatologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Perinatologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perinatologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiologi" title="Radiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Radiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontologi" title="Gerontologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gerontologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etika_kedokteran&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Etika kedokteran (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Etika kedokteran</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembagian Berdasarkan Kelompok Organisme</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Makhluk hidup atau organisme sangat beraneka ragam. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taksonomi" title="Taksonomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Taksonomi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> mempelajari bagaimana organisme dapat dikelompokkan berdasarkan kemiripan dan perbedaan yang dimiliki. Selanjutnya, berbagai kelompok itu dipelajari semua gatra kehidupannya, sehingga dikenallah ilmu biologi tumbuhan (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botani" title="Botani"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">botani</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), biologi hewan (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoologi" title="Zoologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">zoologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), biologi serangga (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entomologi" title="Entomologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">entomologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), dan seterusnya.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembagian berdasarkan organisasi kehidupan</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kehidupan berlangsung dalam hirarki yang terorganisasi. Hirarki organisme, dari yang terkecil hingga yang terbesar yang dipelajari dalam biologi, adalah sebagai berikut: </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel" title="Sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan" title="Jaringan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">jaringan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ" title="Organ"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">organ</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_organ" title="Sistem organ"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sistem organ</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individu" title="Individu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">individu</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populasi" title="Populasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">populasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunitas" title="Komunitas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">komunitas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau masyarakat;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ekosistem</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">; dan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioma" title="Bioma"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">bioma</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kajian-kajian subindividu mencakup </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_sel" title="Biologi sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomi" title="Anatomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">anatomi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan cabang-cabangnya (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitologi" title="Sitologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sitologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histologi" title="Histologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">histologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Organologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fisiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Pembagian lebih rinci juga mungkin terjadi. Misalnya, anatomi dapat dikhususkan pada setiap organ atau sistem (biasa terjadi dalam ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedokteran" title="Kedokteran"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kedokteran</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">): </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonologi" title="Pulmonologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">pulmonologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardiologi" title="Kardiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kardiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurologi" title="Neurologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">neurologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan sebagainya).</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tingkat supraindividu dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ekologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yang juga memiliki pengkhususan tersendiri, seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekofisiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekofisiologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ekofisiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau "fisiologi lingkungan", </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenologi" title="Fenologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fenologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, serta </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_perilaku&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu perilaku (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ilmu perilaku</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembagian berdasarkan interaksi</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hubungan antarunit kehidupan maupun antara unit kehidupan dan lingkungannya terjadi pada semua tingkat organisasi. Selain mempelajari kehidupan melalui berbagai tingkatan di atas, biologi juga mempelajari hal-hal berikut, melalui cabang ilmunya masing-masing:</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_perkembangan" title="Biologi perkembangan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">biologi perkembangan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (<i>developmental biology</i>): ilmu yang mempelajari tahap perkembangan makhluk hidup (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontogeni" title="Ontogeni"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ontogeni</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) dari telur yang dibuahi menjadi individu;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">genetika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: ilmu yang mempelajari pewarisan keturunan;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etologi" title="Etologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">etologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: ilmu yang mempelajari perilaku makhluk hidup;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistematika" title="Sistematika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sistematika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: ilmu yang mempelajari keanekaragaman organisme dan hubungannya dengan relasi tertentu;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ekologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: ilmu yang mempelajari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">habitat</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan interaksi makhluk hidup dengan lingkungannya;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">evolusi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: ilmu yang mempelajari perubahan yang terjadi pada makhluk hidup; dan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ksenobiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ksenobiologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ksenobiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: ilmu pengetahuan spekulatif tentang adanya makhluk hidup selain di bumi.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikologi" title="Mikologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mikologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : ilmu yang mempelajari mengenai cendawan/ jamur</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrobiologi" title="Mikrobiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mikrobiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : ilmu yang mempelajari makhluk-makhluk mikroskopis</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">bahkan terdapat sub ilmu biologi yang berkaitan dengan ilmu lain seperti biokimia dan biofisik, dimana ilmu biologi dilihat dari sudut pandang kimia dan fisika.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel (biologi)</span></h1><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Sel</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> merupakan unit organisasi terkecil yang menjadi dasar kehidupan dalam arti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologis</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Semua fungsi kehidupan diatur dan berlangsung di dalam sel. Oleh karena itu, sel dapat berfungsi secara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autonom&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Autonom (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">autonom</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> asalkan seluruh kebutuhan hidupnya terpenuhi.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Semua </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> selular terbagi ke dalam dua golongan besar berdasarkan arsitektur basal dari selnya, yaitu organisme </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokariota" title="Prokariota"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">prokariota</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan organisme </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukariota" title="Eukariota"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">eukariota</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Organisme prokariota tidak memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inti_sel" title="Inti sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">inti sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan mempunyai organisasi internal sel yang relatif lebih sederhana. Prokariota terbagi menjadi dua kelompok yang besar: </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eubakteria&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Eubakteria (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">eubakteria</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang meliputi hampir seluruh jenis </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteri" title="Bakteri"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bakteri</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">archaea</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, kelompok prokariota yang sangat mirip dengan bakteri dan berkembang-biak di lingkungan yang ekstrem seperti sumber air panas yang bersifat asam atau air yang mengandung kadar garam yang sangat tinggi. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genom" title="Genom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Genom</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> prokariota terdiri dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromosom" title="Kromosom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kromosom</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tunggal yang melingkar, tanpa organisasi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA" title="DNA"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">DNA</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Organisme eukariota memiliki organisasi intraselular yang jauh lebih kompleks, antara lain dengan membran internal, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organel" title="Organel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang memiliki membran tersendiri seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inti_sel" title="Inti sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">inti sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitoskeleton" title="Sitoskeleton"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sitoskeleton</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang sangat terstruktur. Sel eukariota memiliki beberapa kromosom linear di dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nuklei&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Nuklei (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">nuklei</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, di dalamnya terdapat sederet </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">molekul</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA" title="DNA"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">DNA</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang sangat panjang yang terbagi dalam paket-paket yang dipisahkan oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histon" title="Histon"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">histon</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein" title="Protein"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">protein</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang lain.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jika panjang DNA diberi notasi C dan jumlah kromosom dalam genom diberi notasi n, maka notasi 2nC menunjukkan genom sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diploid" title="Diploid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">diploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, 1nC menunjukkan genom sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" title="Haploid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">haploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, 3nC menunjukkan genom sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triploid" title="Triploid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">triploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, 4nC menunjukkan genom sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tetraploid&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tetraploid (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tetraploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">manusia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, C = 3,5 × 10<sup>-12</sup> g, dengan n = 23, sehingga genom manusia dirumuskan menjadi 2 x 23 x 3,5 × 10<sup>-12</sup>, karena sel eukariota manusia memiliki genom diploid.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sejenis sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diploid" title="Diploid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">diploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yaitu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_nutfah" title="Sel nutfah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel nutfah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dapat terdiferensiasi menjadi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_gamet" title="Sel gamet"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel gamet</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" title="Haploid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">haploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genom" title="Genom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Genom</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sel gamet pada manusia memiliki 23 kromosom, 22 diantaranya merupakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Otosom&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Otosom (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">otosom</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sisanya merupakan kromosom genital. Pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oosit" title="Oosit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">oosit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, kromosom genital senantiasa memiliki notasi X, sedangkan pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spermatosit&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Spermatosit (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">spermatosit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, kromosom dapat berupa X maupun Y. Setelah terjadi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertilisasi" title="Fertilisasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fertilisasi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> antara kedua sel gamet yang berbeda kromosom genitalnya, terbentuklah sebuah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigot" title="Zigot"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">zigot</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> diploid. Notasi genom yang digunakan untuk zigot adalah 46,XX atau 46,XY.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada umumnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_somatik" title="Sel somatik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel somatik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> merupakan sel diploid, namun terdapat beberapa perkecualian, antara lain: </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_darah_merah" title="Sel darah merah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel darah merah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keratinosit&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Keratinosit (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">keratinosit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> memiliki genom </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nuliploid&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Nuliploid (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">nuliploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Hepatosit bergenom </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tetraploid&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tetraploid (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tetraploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> 4nC, sedang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Megakariosit&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Megakariosit (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">megakariosit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumsum_tulang_belakang" title="Sumsum tulang belakang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sumsum tulang belakang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> memiliki genom poliploid hingga 8nC, 16nC atau 32nC dan dapat melakukan proliferasi hingga menghasilkan ribuan sel nuliploid. Banyaknya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploidi" title="Ploidi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ploidi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pada sel terjadi sebagai akibat dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replikasi" title="Replikasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">replikasi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA" title="DNA"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">DNA</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang tidak disertai pembelahan sel, yang lazim disebut sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endomitosis&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Endomitosis (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">endomitosis</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Sel_tumbuhan.png"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="180" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.gif" width="238" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sel selaput penyusun umbi bawang bombay (<i>Allium cepa</i>). Tampak dinding sel dan inti sel (berupa noktah di dalam setiap 'ruang'). Perbesaran 400 kali.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sejarah penemuan sel</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Robert Hooke</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada awalnya sel digambarkan pada tahun </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1665" title="1665"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">1665</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> oleh seorang ilmuwan Inggris </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Robert Hooke</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang telah meneliti irisan tipis </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabus" title="Gabus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">gabus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> melalui </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroskop" title="Mikroskop"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">mikroskop</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang dirancangnya sendiri. Kata <i>sel</i> berasal dari kata </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bahasa Latin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> cellula yang berarti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rongga&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Rongga (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">rongga</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">/ruangan.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada tahun 1835, sebelum teori Sel merupakan unit organisasi terkecil yang menjadi dasar kehidupan dalam arti biologis. Semua fungsi kehidupan diatur dan berlangsung di dalam sel. Karena itulah, sel dapat berfungsi secara autonom asalkan seluruh kebutuhan hidupnya terpenuhi.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Semua organisme selular terbagi ke dalam dua golongan besar berdasarkan arsitektur basal dari selnya, yaitu organisme prokariota dan organisme eukariota.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Organisme prokariota tidak memiliki inti sel dan mempunyai organisasi internal sel yang relatif lebih sederhana. Prokariota terbagi menjadi dua kelompok yang besar: eubakteria yang meliputi hampir seluruh jenis bakteri, dan archaea, kelompok prokariota yang sangat mirip dengan bakteri dan berkembang-biak di lingkungan yang ekstrem seperti sumber air panas yang bersifat asam atau air yang mengandung kadar garam yang sangat tinggi. Genom prokariota terdiri dari kromosom tunggal yang melingkar, tanpa organisasi DNA.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Organisme eukariota memiliki organisasi intraselular yang jauh lebih kompleks, antara lain dengan membran internal, organel yang memiliki membran tersendiri seperti inti sel dan sitoskeleton yang sangat terstruktur. Sel eukariota memiliki beberapa kromosom linear di dalam nuklei, di dalamnya terdapat sederet molekul DNA yang sangat panjang yang terbagi dalam paket-paket yang dipisahkan oleh histon dan protein yang lain.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jika panjang DNA diberi notasi C dan jumlah kromosom dalam genom diberi notasi n, maka notasi 2nC menunjukkan genom sel diploid, 1nC menunjukkan genom sel haploid, 3nC menunjukkan genom sel triploid, 4nC menunjukkan genom sel tetraploid. Pada manusia, C = 3,5 × 10-12 g, dengan n = 23, sehingga genom manusia dirumuskan menjadi 2 x 23 x 3,5 × 10-12, karena sel eukariota manusia memiliki genom diploid.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sejenis sel diploid yaitu sel nutfah dapat terdiferensiasi menjadi sel gamet haploid. Genom sel gamet pada manusia memiliki 23 kromosom, 22 diantaranya merupakan otosom, sisanya merupakan kromosom genital. Pada oosit, kromosom genital senantiasa memiliki notasi X, sedangkan pada spermatosit, kromosom dapat berupa X maupun Y. Setelah terjadi fertilisasi antara kedua sel gamet yang berbeda kromosom genitalnya, terbentuklah sebuah zigot diploid. Notasi genom yang digunakan untuk zigot adalah 46,XX atau 46,XY.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada umumnya sel somatik merupakan sel diploid, namun terdapat beberapa perkecualian, antara lain: sel darah merah dan keratinosit memiliki genom nuliploid. Hepatosit bergenom tetraploid 4nC, sedang megakariosit pada sumsum tulang belakang memiliki genom poliploid hingga 8nC, 16nC atau 32nC dan dapat melakukan proliferasi hingga menghasilkan ribuan sel nuliploid. Banyaknya ploidi pada sel terjadi sebagai akibat dari replikasi DNA yang tidak disertai pembelahan sel, yang lazim disebut sebagai endomitosis. sel menjadi lengkap, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Evangelista_Purkyn%C4%9B" title="Jan Evangelista Purkyně"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Jan Evangelista Purkyně</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> melakukan pengamatan terhadap </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Granula&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Granula (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">granula</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pada tanaman melalui mikroskop. Teori sel kemudian dikembangkan pada tahun 1839 oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Matthias_Jakob_Schleiden&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Matthias Jakob Schleiden (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Matthias Jakob Schleiden</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theodor_Schwann&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Theodor Schwann (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Theodor Schwann</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang mengatakan bahwa semua </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhluk_hidup" title="Makhluk hidup"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">makhluk hidup</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tersusun dari satu sel tunggal, yang disebut uniselular, atau lebih, yang disebut multiselular. Semua sel berasal dari sel yang telah ada sebelumnya, di dalam sel terjadi fungsi-fungsi vital demi kelangsungan hidup organisme dan terdapat informasi mengenai regulasi fungsi tersebut yang dapat diteruskan pada generasi sel berikutnya.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Struktur sel dan fungsi-fungsinya secara menakjubkan hampir serupa untuk semua organisme, namun jalur </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">evolusi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang ditempuh oleh masing-masing golongan besar organisme (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnum" title="Regnum"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Regnum</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) juga memiliki kekhususan sendiri-sendiri. Sel-sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokariota" title="Prokariota"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">prokariota</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> beradaptasi dengan kehidupan uniselular sedangkan sel-sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukariota" title="Eukariota"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">eukariota</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> beradaptasi untuk hidup saling bekerja sama dalam organisasi yang sangat rapi.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perkembangan sel</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Di dalam tubuh manusia, telah dikenali sekitar 210 jenis sel. Sebagaimana organisme multiselular lainnya, kehidupan manusia juga dimulai dari sebuah sel embrio diploid hasil dari fusi haploid </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oosit" title="Oosit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">oosit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spermatosit&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Spermatosit (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">spermatosit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang kemudian mengalami serangkaian mitosis. Pada tahap awal, sel-sel embrio bersifat </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Totipoten&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Totipoten (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">totipoten</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, setiap sel memiliki kapasitas untuk terdiferensiasi menjadi salah satu dari seluruh jenis sel tubuh. Selang berjalannya tahap perkembangan, kapasitas diferensiasi menjadi menurun menjadi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pluripoten&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Pluripoten (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">pluripoten</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, hingga menjadi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_progenitor" title="Sel progenitor"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel progenitor</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang hanya memiliki kapasitas untuk terdiferensiasi menjadi satu jenis sel saja, dengan kapasitas </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unipoten&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Unipoten (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">unipoten</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada level molekular, perkembangan sel dikendalikan melalui suatu proses pembelahan sel, diferensiasi sel, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morfogenesis&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Morfogenesis (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">morfogenesis</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis" title="Apoptosis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">apoptosis</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Tiap proses, pada awalnya, diaktivasi secara genetik, sebelum sel tersebut dapat menerima sinyal </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen" title="Mitogen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">mitogenik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dari lingkungan di luar sel.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Proses pembelahan sel</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siklus_sel" title="Siklus sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Siklus sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah proses duplikasi secara akurat untuk menghasilkan jumlah DNA kromosom yang cukup banyak dan mendukung segregasi untuk menghasilkan dua sel anakan yang identik secara genetik. Proses ini berlangsung terus-menerus dan berulang (siklik)</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sel tidak lepas dari siklus kehidupan yang dialami sel untuk tetap bertahan hidup. Siklus ini mengatur pertumbuhan sel dengan meregulasi waktu pembelahan dan mengatur perkembangan sel dengan mengatur jumlah ekspresi atau translasi gen pada masing-masing sel yang menentukan diferensiasinya.</span></div><h5 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></h5><h5 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fase pada siklus sel</span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></h5><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa S (sintesis): Tahap terjadinya replikasi DNA</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa M (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitosis" title="Mitosis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mitosis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">): Tahap terjadinya pembelahan sel (baik pembelahan biner atau pembentukan tunas)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa G (gap): Tahap pertumbuhan bagi sel. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa G<sub>0</sub>, sel yang baru saja mengalami pembelahan berada dalam keadaan diam atau sel tidak melakukan pertumbuhan maupun perkembangan. Kondisi ini sangat bergantung pada sinyal atau rangsangan baik dari luar atau dalam sel. Umum terjadi dan beberapa tidak melanjutkan pertumbuhan (dorman) dan mati.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa G<sub>1</sub>, sel eukariot mendapatkan sinyal untuk tumbuh, antara sitokinesis dan sintesis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa G<sub>2</sub>, pertumbuhan sel eukariot antara sintesis dan mitosis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa tersebut berlangsung dengan urutan S > G<sub>2</sub> > M > G<sub>0</sub> > G<sub>1</sub> > kembali ke S. Dalam konteks Mitosis, fase G dan S disebut sebagai Interfase.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Diferensiasi sel</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Regenerasi_sel&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Regenerasi sel (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Regenerasi sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah proses pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sel yang bertujuan untuk mengisi ruang tertentu pada jaringan atau memperbaiki bagian yang rusak.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diferensiasi_sel&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Diferensiasi sel (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Diferensiasi sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah proses pematangan suatu sel menjadi sel yang spesifik dan fungsional, terletak pada posisi tertentu di dalam jaringan, dan mendukung fisiologis hewan. Misalnya, sebuah <i>stem cell</i> mampu berdiferensiasi menjadi sel kulit.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Saat sebuah sel tunggal, yaitu sel yang telah dibuahi, mengalami pembelahan berulang kali dan menghasilkan pola akhir dengan keakuratan dan kompleksitas yang spektakuler, sel itu telah mengalami regenerasi dan diferensiasi.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regenerasi" title="Regenerasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Regenerasi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan diferensiasi sel hewan ditentukan oleh genom. Genom yang identik terdapat pada setiap sel, namun mengekspresikan set gen yang berbeda, bergantung pada jumlah gen yang diekspresikan. Misalnya, pada sel retina mata, tentu gen penyandi karakteristik penangkap cahaya terdapat dalam jumlah yang jauh lebih banyak daripada ekspresi gen indera lainnya.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Morfogenesis</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengekspresian gen itu sendiri memengaruhi jumlah sel, jenis sel, interaksi sel, bahkan lokasi sel. Oleh karena itu, sel hewan memiliki 4 proses esensial pengkonstruksian embrio yang diatur oleh ekspresi gen, sebagai berikut:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Proliferasi sel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menghasilkan banyak sel dari satu sel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Spesialisasi sel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menciptakan sel dengan karakteristik berbeda pada posisi yang berbeda</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Interaksi sel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mengkoordinasi perilaku sebuah sel dengan sel tetangganya</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pergerakan sel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menyusun sel untuk membentuk struktur jaringan dan organ</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada embrio yang berkembang, keempat proses ini berlangsung bersamaan. Tidak ada badan pengatur khusus untuk proses ini. Setiap sel dari jutaan sel embrio harus membuat keputusannya masing-masing, menurut jumlah kopi instruksi genetik dan kondisi khusus masing-masing sel.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel tubuh, seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otot" title="Otot"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">otot</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraf" title="Saraf"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">saraf</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dsb. tetap mempertahankan karakteristik karena masih mengingat sinyal yang diberikan oleh nenek moyangnya saat awal perkembangan embrio.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apoptosis</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apoptosis merupakan bagian dari perkembangan sel, sel tidak dapat mati begitu saja tanpa suatu mekanisme yang tertanam di dalam sel, yang dapat diaktivasi oleh sinyal internal maupun eksternal.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">[</span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sel_%28biologi%29&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Struktur sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">sunting</span></a><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">]</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> <span class="mw-headline">Struktur sel</span></span></h2><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">[</span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sel_%28biologi%29&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Sel eukariota"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">sunting</span></a><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">]</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> <span class="mw-headline">Sel eukariota</span></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara umum setiap sel memiliki</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membran_sel" title="Membran sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">membran sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">,</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitoplasma" title="Sitoplasma"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sitoplasma</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inti_sel" title="Inti sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">inti sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau nukleus.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sitoplasma dan inti sel bersama-sama disebut sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protoplasma&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Protoplasma (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">protoplasma</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Sitoplasma berwujud cairan kental (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitosol" title="Sitosol"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sitosol</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) yang di dalamnya terdapat berbagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organel" title="Organel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang memiliki fungsi yang terorganisasi untuk mendukung kehidupan sel. Organel memiliki struktur terpisah dari sitosol dan merupakan "kompartementasi" di dalam sel, sehingga memungkinkan terjadinya reaksi yang tidak mungkin berlangsung di sitosol. Sitoplasma juga didukung oleh jaringan kerangka yang mendukung bentuk sitoplasma sehingga tidak mudah berubah bentuk.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Organel-organel yang ditemukan pada sitoplasma adalah</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitokondria" title="Mitokondria"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mitokondria</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (kondriosom)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Golgi" title="Badan Golgi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">badan Golgi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (diktiosom)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retikulum_endoplasma" title="Retikulum endoplasma"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">retikulum endoplasma</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastida" title="Plastida"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">plastida</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (khusus tumbuhan, mencakup </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukoplas" title="Leukoplas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">leukoplas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloroplas" title="Kloroplas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kloroplas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromoplas" title="Kromoplas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kromoplas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakuola" title="Vakuola"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vakuola</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (khusus tumbuhan)</span></li>
</ul><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel prokariota</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel tumbuhan dan sel bakteri memiliki lapisan di luar membran yang dikenal sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinding_sel" title="Dinding sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">dinding sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Dinding sel bersifat tidak elastis dan membatasi perubahan ukuran sel. Keberadaan dinding sel juga menyebabkan terbentuknya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruang_antarsel&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ruang antarsel (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ruang antarsel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yang pada tumbuhan menjadi bagian penting dari transportasi hara dan mineral di dalam tubuh tumbuhan.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tumbuhan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteri" title="Bakteri"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bakteri</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> mempunyai beberapa perbedaan seperti berikut:</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableLightGridAccent2" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1;"> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 2.25pt; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 247.5pt;" valign="top" width="330"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sel tumbuhan</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 247.5pt;" valign="top" width="330"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sel hewan</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 247.5pt;" valign="top" width="330"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sel bakteri</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"></span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sel tumbuhan lebih besar daripada sel hewan.</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel hewan lebih kecil daripada sel tumbuhan.</span></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel bakteri sangat kecil.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Mempunyai bentuk yang tetap.</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak mempunyai bentuk yang tetap.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mempunyai bentuk yang tetap.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Mempunyai </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinding_sel" title="Dinding sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dinding sel</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"> [<i>cell wall</i>] dari </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selulosa" title="Selulosa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">selulosa</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">.</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinding_sel" title="Dinding sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dinding sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> [<i>cell wall</i>].</span></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinding_sel" title="Dinding sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dinding sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> [<i>cell wall</i>] dari lipoprotein.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Mempunyai </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastida" title="Plastida"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">plastida</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">.</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastida" title="Plastida"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">plastida</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastida" title="Plastida"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">plastida</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Mempunyai </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakuola" title="Vakuola"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vakuola</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"> [<i>vacuole</i>] atau rongga sel yang besar.</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakuola" title="Vakuola"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vakuola</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> [<i>vacuole</i>], walaupun kadang-kadang sel beberapa hewan uniseluler memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakuola" title="Vakuola"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vakuola</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (tapi tidak sebesar yang dimiliki tumbuhan). Yang biasa dimiliki hewan adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesikel" title="Vesikel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vesikel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau [<i>vesicle</i>].</span></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakuola" title="Vakuola"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vakuola</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Menyimpan tenaga dalam bentuk butiran (granul) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pati" title="Pati"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pati</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">.</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menyimpan tenaga dalam bentuk butiran (granul) </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glikogen" title="Glikogen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">glikogen</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tidak Mempunyai </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentrosom" title="Sentrosom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sentrosom</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"> [<i>centrosome</i>].</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentrosom" title="Sentrosom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sentrosom</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> [<i>centrosome</i>].</span></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak Mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentrosom" title="Sentrosom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sentrosom</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> [<i>centrosome</i>].</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tidak memiliki </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisosom" title="Lisosom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">lisosom</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"> [<i>lysosome</i>].</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisosom" title="Lisosom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">lisosom</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> [<i>lysosome</i>].</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Nukleus lebih kecil daripada vakuola.</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nukleus lebih besar daripada vesikel.</span></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak memiliki nukleus dalam arti sebenarnya.</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perbedaan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sel hewan dan tanaman</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara umum, perbedaan tersebut dapat dinyatakan sebagai berikut:</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableLightGridAccent3" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1;"> <td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 2.25pt; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Hewan</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tumbuhan</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"></span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Terdapat sentriol</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak ada sentriol</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tidak ada pembentukan dinding sel</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Terdapat sitokinesis dan pembentukan dinding sel</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Ada kutub animal dan vegetal</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak ada perbedaan kutub embriogenik, yang ada semacam epigeal dan hipogeal</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Jaringan sel hewan bergerak menjadi bentuk yang berbeda</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan sel tumbuhan tumbuh menjadi bentuk yang berbeda</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Terdapat proses gastrulasi</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Terdapat proses histodiferensiasi</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tidak terdapat jaringan embrionik seumur hidup</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Meristem sebagai jaringan embrionik seumur hidup</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Terdapat batasan pertumbuhan (ukuran tubuh)</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak ada batasan pertumbuhan, kecuali kemampuan akar dalam hal menopang berat tubuh bagian atas</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Apoptosis untuk perkembangan jaringan, melibatkan mitokondria dan caspase</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak ada "Apoptosis", yang ada lebih ke arah proteksi diri, tidak melibatkan mitokondria</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel-sel khusus</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel Tidak Berinti, contohnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trombosit" title="Trombosit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">trombosit</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrosit" title="Eritrosit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">eritrosit</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (Sel darah merah). Di dalam sel darah merah, terdapat </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobin" title="Hemoglobin"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">hemoglobin</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sebagai pengganti nukleus (inti sel).</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel Berinti Banyak, contohnya <i>Paramecium sp</i> dan sel otot</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel hewan berklorofil, contohnya euglena sp. Euglena sp adalah hewan uniseluler berklorofil.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel pendukung, contohnya adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sel_xilem&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sel xilem (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sel xilem</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Sel xilem akan mati dan meninggalkan dinding sel sebagai "tulang" dan saluran air. Kedua ini sangatlah membantu dalam proses transpirasi pada tumbuhan.</span></li>
</ul><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan</span></h1><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Jaringan</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah sekumpulan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel" title="Sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang memiliki bentuk dan fungsi yang sama. Jaringan-jaringan yang berbeda dapat bekerja sama untuk suatu fungsi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fisiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang sama membentuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ" title="Organ"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organ</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Jaringan dipelajari dalam cabang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang dinamakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histologi" title="Histologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">histologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sedangkan cabang biologi yang mempelajari berubahnya bentuk dan fungsi jaringan dalam hubungannya dengan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyakit" title="Penyakit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">penyakit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histopatologi" title="Histopatologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">histopatologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan dimiliki oleh organisme yang telah memiliki pembagian tugas untuk setiap kelompok sel-selnya. Organisme ber</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talus" title="Talus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">talus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alga" title="Alga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">alga</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> ("ganggang") dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fungi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> ("jamur"), tidak memiliki perbedaan jaringan, meskipun mereka dapat membentuk struktur-struktur khas mirip organ, seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tubuh_buah&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tubuh buah (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tubuh buah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sporofor&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sporofor (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sporofor</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan_lumut" title="Tumbuhan lumut"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tumbuhan lumut</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dapat dikatakan telah memiliki jaringan yang jelas, meskipun ia belum memiliki jaringan pembuluh yang jelas.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan hewan (termasuk manusia)</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ada empat kelompok jaringan dasar yang membentuk tubuh semua </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, termasuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">manusia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan organisme </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel" title="Sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">multiseluler</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tingkat rendah seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artropoda" title="Artropoda"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">artropoda</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: jaringan epitelium, jaringan pengikat, jaringan penyokong, dan jaringan saraf.</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitelium" title="Epitelium"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">epitelium</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan yang disusun oleh lapisan sel yang melapisi permukaan organ seperti permukaan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulit" title="Kulit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kulit</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Jaringan ini berfungsi untuk melindungi organ yang dilapisinya, sebagai organ </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekresi" title="Sekresi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sekresi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan penyerapan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan epitel terdiri dari 3 macam:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1. Eksotelium: epitel yang membungkus bagian luar tubuh</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2. Endotelium: epitel yang melapisi organ dalam tubuh</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3. Mesotelium: epitel yang membatasi rongga tubuh</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fungsi jaringan epitelium yakni:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a. Absorpsi, misalnya pada usus yang menyerap sari-sari makanan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b. Sekresi, contohnya testis yang mensekresikan sperma</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">c. Ekskresi, kulit yang mengeluarkan keringat</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">d. Transportasi, mengatur tekanan osmosis dalam tubuh</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">e. Proteksi, kulit melindungi jaringan tubuh di bawahnya</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">f. Penerima rangsang, kulit yang menanggapi rangsang dari luar</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">g. Pernapasan, kulit katak berfungsi sebagai alat pernapasan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">h. Alat gerak, selaput kaki pada kulit katak membantu dalam pergerakan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">g. Mengatur suhu tubuh, kulit mengatur suhu tubuh dengan mengeluarkan keringat jika tubuh kepanasan</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan pengikat.</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sesuai namanya, jaringan pengikat berfungsi untuk mengikat jaringan dan alat tubuh. Contoh jaringan ini adalah jaringan darah.</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan otot.</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan otot terbagi atas tiga kategori yang berbeda yaitu otot licin yang dapat ditemukan di organ tubuh bagian dalam, otot lurik yang dapat ditemukan pada rangka tubuh, dan otot jantung yang dapat ditemukan di jantung.</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan saraf.</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">adalah jaringan yang berfungsi untuk mengatur aktivitas otot dan organ serta menerima dan meneruskan rangsangan.</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan penyokong</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">adalah jaringan yang terdiri dari jaringan tulang rawan dan jaringan tulang yang berfungsi untuk memberi bentuk tubuh,melindungi tubuh,dan menguatkan bentuk tubuh</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan tumbuhan</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tumbuhan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> relatif lebih homogen daripada jaringan hewan. Tumbuhan tidak memiliki kemampuan lokomosi (berpindah)/bergerak secara aktif sebagaimana hewan. Meskipun demikian, banyak sel-sel baru terbentuk untuk berbagai jaringan sebagai kompensasi banyaknya sel-sel yang mati, yang menjadi pasif karena berperan sebagai sel-sel penyimpan cadangan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energi" title="Energi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">energi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (misalnya pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buah" title="Buah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">buah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbi" title="Umbi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">umbi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolit_sekunder" title="Metabolit sekunder"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">metabolit sekunder</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan untuk mengisi jaringan baru karena tumbuhan selalu bertambah massanya, khususnya bagi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan_tahunan" title="Tumbuhan tahunan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tumbuhan tahunan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Jaringan yang aktif memperbanyak diri dan tidak memiliki fungsi khusus disebut <i>jaringan meristematik</i>, sementara jaringan yang telah mantap dengan fungsinya disebut <i>jaringan tetap</i>/<i>permanen</i>.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan meristematik</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan meristematik terdiri dari sel-sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meristem" title="Meristem"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">meristem</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, suatu analog dari sel-</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_punca" title="Sel punca"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel punca</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (<i>stem cells</i>) hewan. Jaringan ini dapat ditemukan pada titik-</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Titik_tumbuh&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Titik tumbuh (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">titik tumbuh</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> di ujung </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batang" title="Batang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">batang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akar" title="Akar"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">akar</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (disebut meristem pucuk/ujung/apikal), di bawah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulit_kayu" title="Kulit kayu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kulit kayu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambium" title="Kambium"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kambium</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> gabus maupun kambium pembuluh, disebut meristem tepi/lateral), dan di tepi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruas&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ruas (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ruas</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buku_%28tumbuhan%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Buku (tumbuhan) (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">buku</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, serta pada pangkal tangkai daun (meristem antara/interkalar). Jaringan ini, terutama meristem ujung, mudah diinduksi untuk diperbanyak secara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vitro" title="In vitro"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">in vitro</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jargon" title="Jargon"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jargon</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultur_jaringan" title="Kultur jaringan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kultur jaringan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sel-sel ini dikatakan bersifat <i>embrionik</i> ("dapat membentuk embrio"). Jaringan meristematik juga terbentuk apabila ada bagian tumbuhan yang terbuka, misalnya karena terluka. Mobilisasi beberapa </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitohormon" title="Fitohormon"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fitohormon</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, biasanya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auksin" title="Auksin"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">auksin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sitokinin&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sitokinin (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sitokinin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, akan memicu terbentuknya sel-sel meristem yang membentuk semacam jaringan tidak terdiferensiasi yang disebut </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalus" title="Kalus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kalus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan permanen</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan permanen dikategorikan menjadi tiga kelompok utama: </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epidermis&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Epidermis (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">epidermis</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (jaringan pelindung, terdiri dari sel-sel yang menyusun lapisan luar </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daun" title="Daun"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">daun</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan bagian-bagian tumbuhan yang masih muda), </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_pengangkut" title="Jaringan pengangkut"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jaringan pengangkut</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (menyusun </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xilem" title="Xilem"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">xilem</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floem" title="Floem"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">floem</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_dasar" title="Jaringan dasar"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jaringan dasar</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (mencakup parenkim, klorenkim, kolenkim, dan sklerenkim).</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Epidermis melindungi bagian dalam organ sehingga tidak bersentuhan langsung dengan pengaruh keadaan di luar organ. Epidermis dapat dilindungi oleh lapisan tipis di bagian luar yang dikenal sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutikula" title="Kutikula"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kutikula</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Dapat juga ditemukan lapisan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malam_%28zat%29" title="Malam (zat)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">malam</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (<i>wax</i>). Sel-sel epidermis biasanya berbentuk segi empat apabila dilihat dari samping, berjajar homogen. Namun demikian, epidermis dapat mengalami perubahan menjadi sel-sel penutup atau sel penjaga </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stomata&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Stomata (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">stomata</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> beserta beberapa sel tetangga, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trikoma&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Trikoma (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">trikoma</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (miang atau rambut daun/batang), </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duri" title="Duri"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">duri</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, serta </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rambut_kelenjar&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Rambut kelenjar (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">rambut kelenjar</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan pengangkut dimiliki oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan_berpembuluh&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tumbuhan berpembuluh (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tumbuhan berpembuluh</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (Tracheophyta). </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnospermae" title="Gymnospermae"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Gymnospermae</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> memiliki jaringan trakeida, serabut trakeida, dan parenkim kayu sebagai penyusun xilem. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiospermae" title="Angiospermae"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Angiospermae</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> memiliki tambahan jaringan trakea selain jaringan yang dimiliki Gymnospermae. Floem (pembuluh tapis) tersusun dari jaringan buluh tapis dan sel-sel pengiring.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan dasar menyusun sebagian besar tubuh tumbuhan (biomassa). Kelompok jaringan ini memiliki banyak fungsi tergantung tempat ia berada. Seringkali ia mengisi bagian terbesar dari suatu organ, menyusun daging buah, kulit batang, isi umbi atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimpang" title="Rimpang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">rimpang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang menyimpan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pati" title="Pati"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">pati</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau metabolit sekunder tertentu (seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">alkaloid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpenoid" title="Terpenoid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">terpenoid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">). Jaringan ini juga dapat mengalami kematian dengan mengosongkan isi sel-selnya untuk membentuk struktur berongga (aerenkim) seperti ruang dalam gelembung pada tangkai daun </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eceng_gondok" title="Eceng gondok"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">eceng gondok</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau rongga dalam buluh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bambu" title="Bambu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bambu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem organ</span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Sistem Organ</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> merupakan bentuk kerjasama antar organ untuk melakukan fungsi - fungsi yang lebih kompleks lagi sehingga proses yang berlangsung di dalam tubuh suatu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dapat berjalan dengan baik sesuai aktivitas hidup </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang bersangkutan. Dalam melaksanakan kerja sama ini, setiap organ tidak bekerja sendiri-sendiri, melainkan organ - organ saling bergantung dan saling memengaruhi satu sama lainnya. Contoh sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ" title="Organ"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">organ</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pada hewan dan manusia antara lain sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pernapasan" title="Pernapasan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pernapasan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencernaan" title="Pencernaan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pencernaan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerak" title="Gerak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">gerak</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproduksi" title="Reproduksi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">reproduksi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peredaran_darah&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Peredaran darah (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">peredaran darah</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraf" title="Saraf"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">saraf</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekskresi" title="Ekskresi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ekskresi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Individu</span></h1><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Individu</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> merupakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit" title="Unit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">unit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> terkecil pembentuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masyarakat" title="Masyarakat"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">masyarakat</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu_sosial" title="Ilmu sosial"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ilmu sosial</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, individu berarti juga bagian terkecil dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelompok" title="Kelompok"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kelompok</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> masyarakat yang tidak dapat dipisah lagi menjadi bagian yang lebih kecil.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Sebagai contoh, suatu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keluarga" title="Keluarga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">keluarga</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> terdiri dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayah" title="Ayah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ayah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibu" title="Ibu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ibu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anak" title="Anak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">anak</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Ayah merupakan individu dalam kelompok sosial tersebut, yang sudah tidak dapat dibagi lagi ke dalam satuan yang lebih kecil. </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada dasarnya, setiap individu memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ciri&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ciri (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ciri</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-ciri yang berbeda.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[2]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Individu yang saling bergabung akan membentuk kelompok atau masyarakat.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[2]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Individu tersebut akan memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karakteristik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Karakteristik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">karakteristik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang sama dengan kelompok dimana dirinya bergabung.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Populasi</span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Populasi adalah kumpulan individu sejenis yang berada pada wilayah tertentu dan pada waktu yang tertentu pula.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
Kata <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">populasi</span> (dari bahasa Inggris: Population) dipakai untuk hal-hal berikut:</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam bidang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografi" title="Geografi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">geografi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> / </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demografi" title="Demografi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">demografi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, sebagai sinonim bagi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penduduk" title="Penduduk"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">penduduk</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam bidang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">biologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populasi_%28biologi%29" title="Populasi (biologi)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">populasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah sekumpulan individu dengan ciri-ciri sama (satu spesies yang sama) yang hidup dalam tempat dan waktu yang sama.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam bidang statistika, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populasi_%28statistika%29" title="Populasi (statistika)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">populasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah sekumpulan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data" title="Data"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">data</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang menjadi objek </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistika_inferensia" title="Statistika inferensia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">inferensi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span></li>
</ul><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Komunitas</span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Komunitas</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah sebuah kelompok </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosial" title="Sosial"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sosial</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dari beberapa </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang berbagi lingkungan, umumnya memiliki ketertarikan dan habitat yang sama. Dalam komunitas </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">manusia</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, individu-individu di dalamnya dapat memiliki maksud, kepercayaan, sumber daya, preferensi, kebutuhan, risiko dan sejumlah kondisi lain yang serupa. Komunitas berasal dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">bahasa Latin</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <i>communitas</i> yang berarti "kesamaan", kemudian dapat diturunkan dari <i>communis</i> yang berarti "sama, publik, dibagi oleh semua atau banyak".</span></div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem</span></h1><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Ekosistem</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah suatu sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ekologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang terbentuk oleh hubungan timbal balik tak terpisahkan antara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhluk_hidup" title="Makhluk hidup"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">makhluk hidup</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dengan lingkungannya.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Ekosistem bisa dikatakan juga suatu tatanan kesatuan secara utuh dan menyeluruh antara segenap unsur lingkungan hidup yang saling memengaruhi.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem merupakan penggabungan dari setiap unit </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biosistem&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Biosistem (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biosistem</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang melibatkan interaksi timbal balik antara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan lingkungan fisik sehingga aliran energi menuju kepada suatu struktur </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotik" title="Biotik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biotik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tertentu dan terjadi suatu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siklus_materi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Siklus materi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">siklus materi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> antara organisme dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anorganisme&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Anorganisme (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">anorganisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Matahari sebagai sumber dari semua energi yang ada. </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam ekosistem, organisme dalam komunitas berkembang bersama-sama dengan lingkungan fisik sebagai suatu sistem.</span> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Organisme akan beradaptasi dengan lingkungan fisik, sebaliknya organisme juga memengaruhi lingkungan fisik untuk keperluan hidup. Pengertian ini didasarkan pada Hipotesis Gaia, yaitu: "organisme, khususnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroorganisme" title="Mikroorganisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">mikroorganisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, bersama-sama dengan lingkungan fisik menghasilkan suatu sistem kontrol yang menjaga keadaan di bumi cocok untuk kehidupan". Hal ini mengarah pada kenyataan bahwa kandungan kimia </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfer" title="Atmosfer"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">atmosfer</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bumi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sangat terkendali dan sangat berbeda dengan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet" title="Planet"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">planet</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> lain dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_surya" title="Tata surya"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tata surya</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kehadiran, kelimpahan dan penyebaran suatu spesies dalam ekosistem ditentukan oleh tingkat ketersediaan sumber daya serta kondisi faktor kimiawi dan fisis yang harus berada dalam kisaran yang dapat ditoleransi oleh spesies tersebut, inilah yang disebut dengan hukum toleransi.</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Misalnya: Panda memiliki toleransi yang luas terhadap suhu, namun memiliki toleransi yang sempit terhadap makanannya, yaitu bambu. Dengan demikian, panda dapat hidup di ekosistem dengan kondisi apapun asalkan dalam ekosistem tersebut terdapat bambu sebagai sumber makanannya. Berbeda dengan makhluk hidup yang lain, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">manusia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dapat memperlebar kisaran toleransinya karena kemampuannya untuk berpikir, mengembangkan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknologi" title="Teknologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">teknologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan memanipulasi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alam" title="Alam"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">alam</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Wild_zebra_on_Kenya_countryside.jpg&filetimestamp=20050729174924"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="228" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.gif" width="308" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ekosistem padang rumput adalah contoh ekosistem terestrial</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Komponen pembentuk</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Komponen-komponen pembentuk ekosistem adalah:</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Abiotik</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Abiotik atau komponen tak hidup adalah komponen </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisik" title="Fisik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fisik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kimia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang merupakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium" title="Medium"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">medium</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substrat" title="Substrat"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">substrat</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tempat berlangsungnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kehidupan" title="Kehidupan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kehidupan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingkungan" title="Lingkungan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">lingkungan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tempat hidup.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[4]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Sebagian besar komponen abiotik bervariasi dalam ruang dan waktunya.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[2]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Komponen abiotik dapat berupa bahan organik, senyawa anorganik, dan faktor yang memengaruhi distribusi organisme, yaitu</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[2]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhu" title="Suhu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Suhu</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Proses biologi dipengaruhi suhu. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mamalia</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unggas" title="Unggas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">unggas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> membutuhkan energi untuk meregulasi temperatur dalam tubuhnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air" title="Air"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Air</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Ketersediaan air memengaruhi distribusi organisme. Organisme di gurun beradaptasi terhadap ketersediaan air di gurun.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garam" title="Garam"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Garam</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Konsentrasi garam memengaruhi kesetimbangan air dalam organisme melalui </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosis" title="Osmosis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">osmosis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Beberapa organisme </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terestrial" title="Terestrial"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">terestrial</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> beradaptasi dengan lingkungan dengan kandungan garam tinggi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahaya_matahari" title="Cahaya matahari"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cahaya matahari</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Intensitas dan kualitas cahaya memengaruhi proses </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotosintesis" title="Fotosintesis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">fotosintesis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Air dapat menyerap cahaya sehingga pada lingkungan air, fotosintesis terjadi di sekitar permukaan yang terjangkau cahaya matahari. Di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurun" title="Gurun"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">gurun</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, intensitas cahaya yang besar membuat peningkatan suhu sehingga </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">tumbuhan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tertekan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah" title="Tanah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tanah</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu" title="Batu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">batu</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Beberapa karakteristik tanah yang meliputi struktur fisik, pH, dan komposisi mineral membatasi penyebaran organisme berdasarkan pada kandungan sumber makanannya di tanah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iklim" title="Iklim"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Iklim</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Iklim adalah kondisi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuaca" title="Cuaca"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">cuaca</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dalam jangka waktu lama dalam suatu area. Iklim makro meliputi iklim </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Global (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">global</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional" title="Regional"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">regional</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lokal&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Lokal (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">lokal</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Iklim mikro meliputi iklim dalam suatu daerah yang dihuni </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunitas" title="Komunitas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">komunitas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tertentu.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biotik</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biotik adalah istilah yang biasanya digunakan untuk menyebut sesuatu yang hidup (organisme). Komponen biotik adalah suatu komponen yang menyusun suatu ekosistem selain komponen abiotik (tidak bernyawa). Berdasarkan peran dan fungsinya, makhluk hidup dibedakan menjadi tiga macam, yaitu:</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Heterotrof / Konsumen</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Komponen heterotrof terdiri dari organisme yang memanfaatkan bahan-bahan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Organik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang disediakan oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> lain sebagai makanannya . Komponen heterotrof disebut juga konsumen makro (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fagotrof&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Fagotrof (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fagotrof</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) karena makanan yang dimakan berukuran lebih kecil. Yang tergolong heterotrof adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">manusia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamur" title="Jamur"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jamur</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroba" title="Mikroba"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">mikroba</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengurai / dekomposer</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengurai atau dekomposer adalah organisme yang menguraikan bahan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Organik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang berasal dari organisme mati. Pengurai disebut juga konsumen makro (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sapotrof&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sapotrof (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sapotrof</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) karena makanan yang dimakan berukuran lebih besar. Organisme pengurai menyerap sebagian hasil penguraian tersebut dan melepaskan bahan-bahan yang sederhana yang dapat digunakan kembali oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produsen" title="Produsen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">produsen</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Yang tergolong pengurai adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteri" title="Bakteri"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bakteri</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamur" title="Jamur"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jamur</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Ada pula pengurai yang disebut </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detritivor" title="Detritivor"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">detritivor</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yaitu hewan pengurai yang memakan sisa-sisa bahan organik, contohnya adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kutu_kayu&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kutu kayu (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kutu kayu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Tipe dekomposisi ada tiga, yaitu</span> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobik" title="Aerobik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">aerobik</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : oksigen adalah penerima elektron / </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oksidan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Oksidan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">oksidan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobik" title="Anaerobik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">anaerobik</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : oksigen tidak terlibat. Bahan organik sebagai penerima elektron /oksidan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentasi" title="Fermentasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">fermentasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : anaerobik namun bahan organik yang teroksidasi juga sebagai penerima </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">elektron</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. komponen tersebut berada pada suatu tempat dan berinteraksi membentuk suatu kesatuan ekosistem yang teratur. Misalnya, pada suatu ekosistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akuarium" title="Akuarium"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">akuarium</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, ekosistem ini terdiri dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikan" title="Ikan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ikan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sebagai komponen heterotrof, tumbuhan air sebagai komponen autotrof, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plankton" title="Plankton"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">plankton</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang terapung di air sebagai komponen pengurai, sedangkan yang termasuk komponen </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abiotik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Abiotik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">abiotik</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air" title="Air"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">air</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasir" title="Pasir"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pasir</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu" title="Batu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">batu</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mineral</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">oksigen</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang terlarut dalam air. </span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketergantungan</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:FoodChain.svg&filetimestamp=20090330204623"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="298" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.gif" width="218" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rantai makanan</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketergantungan pada ekosistem dapat terjadi antar komponen biotik atau antara komponen biotik dan abiotik.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Antar komponen biotik</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketergantungan antar komponen biotik dapat terjadi melalui:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Rantai makanan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yaitu perpindahan materi dan energi melalui proses makan dan dimakan dengan urutan tertentu. Tiap tingkat dari rantai makanan disebut </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tingkat_trofi" title="Tingkat trofi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">tingkat trofi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau taraf trofi. Karena organisme pertama yang mampu menghasilkan zat makanan adalah tumbuhan maka tingkat trofi pertama selalu diduduki tumbuhan hijau sebagai produsen. Tingkat selanjutnya adalah tingkat trofi kedua, terdiri atas hewan pemakan tumbuhan yang biasa disebut </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsumen" title="Konsumen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">konsumen</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> primer. Hewan pemakan konsumen primer merupakan tingkat trofi ketiga, terdiri atas hewan-hewan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnivora" title="Karnivora"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">karnivora</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Setiap pertukaran energi dari satu tingkat trofi ke tingkat trofi lainnya, sebagian energi akan hilang. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Jaring- jaring makanan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yaitu rantai-rantai makanan yang saling berhubungan satu sama lain sedemikian rupa sehingga membentuk seperi jaring-jaring. Jaring-jaring makanan terjadi karena setiap jenis makhluk hidup tidak hanya memakan satu jenis makhluk hidup lainnya.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Antar komponen biotik dan abiotik</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketergantungan antara komponen biotik dan abiotik dapat terjadi melalui siklus materi, seperti</span> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">siklus </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">karbon</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">siklus air</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">siklus </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">nitrogen</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">siklus </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sulfur</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Siklus ini berfungsi untuk mencegah suatu bentuk materi menumpuk pada suatu tempat. Ulah manusia telah membuat suatu sistem yang awalnya siklik menjadi nonsiklik, manusia cenderung mengganggu keseimbangan lingkungan.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[2]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tipe-tipe Ekosistem</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara umum ada tiga tipe ekosistem, yaitu ekositem air, ekosisten darat, dan ekosistem buatan. </span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Akuatik (air)</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Upper_Lehman_Creek.jpg&filetimestamp=20080303162405"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="161" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.gif" width="238" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem sungai</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_air_tawar&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem air tawar (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem air tawar</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ciri-ciri ekosistem air tawar antara lain variasi suhu tidak menyolok, penetrasi cahaya kurang, dan terpengaruh oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iklim" title="Iklim"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">iklim</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuaca" title="Cuaca"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">cuaca</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Macam tumbuhan yang terbanyak adalah jenis </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganggang" title="Ganggang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ganggang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sedangkan lainnya tumbuhan biji. Hampir semua filum hewan terdapat dalam air tawar. Organisme yang hidup di air tawar pada umumnya telah beradaptasi. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_air_laut&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem air laut (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem air laut</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Habitat laut (oseanik) ditandai oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinitas" title="Salinitas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">salinitas</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (kadar garam) yang tinggi dengan ion CI<sup>-</sup> mencapai 55% terutama di daerah laut tropik, karena suhunya tinggi dan penguapan besar. Di daerah tropik, suhu laut sekitar 25 °C. Perbedaan suhu bagian atas dan bawah tinggi, sehingga terdapat batas antara lapisan air yang panas di bagian atas dengan air yang dingin di bagian bawah yang disebut daerah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Termoklin&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Termoklin (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">termoklin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_estuari&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem estuari (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem estuari</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Estuari (muara) merupakan tempat bersatunya sungai dengan laut. Estuari sering dipagari oleh lempengan lumpur </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intertidal&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Intertidal (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">intertidal</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang luas atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawa" title="Rawa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">rawa</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> garam. Ekosistem estuari memiliki produktivitas yang tinggi dan kaya akan nutrisi. Komunitas tumbuhan yang hidup di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Estuari&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Estuari (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">estuari</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> antara lain rumput rawa garam, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganggang" title="Ganggang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ganggang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitoplankton" title="Fitoplankton"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fitoplankton</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Komunitas hewannya antara lain berbagai cacing, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerang" title="Kerang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kerang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepiting" title="Kepiting"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kepiting</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikan" title="Ikan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ikan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_pantai&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem pantai (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem pantai</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dinamakan demikian karena yang paling banyak tumbuh di gundukan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasir" title="Pasir"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">pasir</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah tumbuhan <i>Ipomoea pes caprae</i> yang tahan terhadap hempasan gelombang dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angin" title="Angin"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">angin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Tumbuhan yang hidup di ekosistem ini menjalar dan berdaun tebal. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_sungai&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem sungai (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem sungai</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai" title="Sungai"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sungai</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah suatu badan air yang mengalir ke satu arah. Air sungai dingin dan jernih serta mengandung sedikit </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sedimen&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sedimen (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sedimen</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan makanan. Aliran air dan gelombang secara konstan memberikan oksigen pada air. Suhu air bervariasi sesuai dengan ketinggian dan garis </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lintang" title="Lintang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">lintang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Ekosistem sungai dihuni oleh hewan seperti ikan kucing, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gurame&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gurame (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">gurame</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kura-kura" title="Kura-kura"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kura-kura</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, ular, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buaya" title="Buaya"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">buaya</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumba-lumba" title="Lumba-lumba"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">lumba-lumba</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosistem_terumbu_karang" title="Ekosistem terumbu karang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem terumbu karang</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem ini terdiri dari coral yang berada dekat pantai. Efisiensi ekosistem ini sangat tinggi. Hewan-hewan yang hidup di karang memakan organisme mikroskopis dan sisa organik lain. Berbagai invertebrata, mikro organisme, dan ikan, hidup di antara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karang" title="Karang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">karang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan ganggang. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbivora" title="Herbivora"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Herbivora</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> seperti siput, landak laut, ikan, menjadi mangsa bagi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurita" title="Gurita"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">gurita</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bintang_laut" title="Bintang laut"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bintang laut</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan ikan karnivora. Kehadiran terumbu karang di dekat pantai membuat pantai memiliki pasir putih. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo23; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_laut_dalam&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem laut dalam (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem laut dalam</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kedalamannya lebih dari 6.000 m. Biasanya terdapat lele laut dan ikan laut yang dapat mengeluarkan cahaya. Sebagai produsen terdapat bakteri yang bersimbiosis dengan karang tertentu. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_lamun&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem lamun (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem lamun</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lamun atau <i>seagrass</i> adalah satu‑satunya kelompok tumbuh-tumbuhan berbunga yang hidup di lingkungan laut. Tumbuh‑tumbuhan ini hidup di habitat perairan pantai yang dangkal. Seperti halnya rumput di darat, mereka mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunas" title="Tunas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tunas</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> berdaun yang tegak dan tangkai‑tangkai yang merayap yang efektif untuk berbiak. Berbeda dengan tumbuh‑tumbuhan laut lainnya (alga dan rumput laut), lamun berbunga, berbuah dan menghasilkan biji. Mereka juga mempunyai akar dan sistem internal untuk mengangkut gas dan zat‑zat hara. Sebagai sumber daya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayati" title="Hayati"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hayati</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, lamun banyak dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai keperluan. </span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Terestrial (darat)</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Daintree_Rainforest.JPG&filetimestamp=20070616115732"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="225" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image014.gif" width="198" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem hutan hujan tropis memiliki produktivitas tinggi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Gasp%C3%A9_taiga.jpg&filetimestamp=20091217191418"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="150" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image016.gif" width="198" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem taiga merupakan hutan pinus dengan ciri iklim musim dingin yang panjang.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Greenland-sydkap_hg.jpg&filetimestamp=20071216202101"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="149" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image018.gif" width="198" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem tundra didominasi oleh vegetasi perdu.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penentuan zona dalam ekosistem terestrial ditentukan oleh temperatur dan curah hujan. Ekosistem terestrial dapat dikontrol oleh iklim dan gangguan. Iklim sangat penting untuk menentukan mengapa suatu ekosistem terestrial berada pada suatu tempat tertentu. Pola ekosistem dapat berubah akibat gangguan seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petir" title="Petir"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">petir</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, kebakaran, atau aktivitas manusia. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan_hujan_tropis" title="Hutan hujan tropis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hutan hujan tropis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hutan hujan tropis terdapat di daerah tropik dan subtropik. Ciri-cirinya adalah curah hujan 200-225 cm per tahun. Spesies pepohonan relatif banyak, jenisnya berbeda antara satu dengan yang lainnya tergantung </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Letak_geografis&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Letak geografis (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">letak geografisnya</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Tinggi pohon utama antara 20-40 m, cabang-cabang pohon tinggi dan berdaun lebat hingga membentuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tudung&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tudung (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tudung</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kanopi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kanopi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kanopi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">). Dalam hutan basah terjadi perubahan iklim mikro, yaitu iklim yang langsung terdapat di sekitar organisme. Daerah tudung cukup mendapat sinar matahari, variasi suhu dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelembapan" title="Kelembapan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kelembapan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tinggi, suhu sepanjang hari sekitar 25 °C. Dalam hutan hujan tropis sering terdapat tumbuhan khas, yaitu liana (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotan" title="Rotan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">rotan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anggrek" title="Anggrek"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">anggrek</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epifit" title="Epifit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">epifit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Hewannya antara lain, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kera" title="Kera"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kera</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burung" title="Burung"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">burung</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badak" title="Badak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">badak</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babi_hutan" title="Babi hutan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">babi hutan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harimau" title="Harimau"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">harimau</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burung_hantu" title="Burung hantu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">burung hantu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo26; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabana" title="Sabana"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sabana</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sabana dari daerah tropik terdapat di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilayah" title="Wilayah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">wilayah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dengan curah hujan 40 – 60 inci per tahun, tetapi temepratur dan kelembaban masih tergantung musim. Sabana yang terluas di dunia terdapat di Afrika; namun di Australia juga terdapat sabana yang luas. Hewan yang hidup di sabana antara lain </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serangga" title="Serangga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">serangga</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">mamalia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebra" title="Zebra"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">zebra</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singa" title="Singa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">singa</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyena" title="Hyena"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hyena</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo27; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padang_rumput" title="Padang rumput"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Padang rumput</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Padang rumput terdapat di daerah yang terbentang dari daerah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tropik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tropik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> ke </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subtropik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Subtropik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">subtropik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Ciri-ciri padang rumput adalah curah hujan kurang lebih 25-30 cm per tahun, hujan turun tidak teratur, porositas (peresapan air) tinggi, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainase" title="Drainase"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">drainase</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (aliran air) cepat. Tumbuhan yang ada terdiri atas tumbuhan terna (herbs) dan rumput yang keduanya tergantung pada kelembapan. Hewannya antara lain: bison, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebra" title="Zebra"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">zebra</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singa" title="Singa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">singa</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, anjing liar, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serigala" title="Serigala"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">serigala</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajah" title="Gajah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">gajah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerapah" title="Jerapah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jerapah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, kangguru, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serangga" title="Serangga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">serangga</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikus" title="Tikus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tikus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ular" title="Ular"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ular</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo28; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurun" title="Gurun"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gurun</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gurun terdapat di daerah tropik yang berbatasan dengan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padang_rumput" title="Padang rumput"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">padang rumput</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Ciri-ciri ekosistem gurun adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gersang" title="Gersang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">gersang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curah_hujan" title="Curah hujan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">curah hujan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> rendah (25 cm/tahun). Perbedaan suhu antara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siang" title="Siang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">siang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malam" title="Malam"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">malam</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sangat besar. Tumbuhan semusim yang terdapat di gurun berukuran kecil. Selain itu, di gurun dijumpai pula tumbuhan menahun berdaun seperti duri contohnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaktus" title="Kaktus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kaktus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, atau tak berdaun dan memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akar" title="Akar"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">akar</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> panjang serta mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan" title="Jaringan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jaringan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> untuk menyimpan air. Hewan yang hidup di gurun antara lain rodentia, semut, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ular" title="Ular"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ular</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadal" title="Kadal"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kadal</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katak" title="Katak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">katak</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalajengking" title="Kalajengking"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kalajengking</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan beberapa hewan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokturnal" title="Nokturnal"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">nokturnal</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> lain. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo29; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan_gugur" title="Hutan gugur"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hutan gugur</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hutan gugur terdapat di daerah beriklim sedang yang memiliki emapt musim, ciri-cirinya adalah curah hujan merata sepanjang tahun. Jenis pohon sedikit (10 s/d 20) dan tidak terlalu rapat. Hewan yang terdapat di hutam gugur antara lain rusa, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beruang" title="Beruang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">beruang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, rubah, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajing" title="Bajing"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bajing</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burung_pelatuk" title="Burung pelatuk"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">burung pelatuk</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan rakun (sebangsa luwak). </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo30; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiga" title="Taiga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Taiga</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Taiga terdapat di belahan bumi sebelah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utara" title="Utara"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">utara</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan di pegunungan daerah tropik, ciri-cirinya adalah suhu di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musim_dingin" title="Musim dingin"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">musim dingin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> rendah. Biasanya taiga merupakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan" title="Hutan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hutan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang tersusun atas satu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spesies" title="Spesies"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">spesies</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konifer" title="Konifer"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">konifer</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinus" title="Pinus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">pinus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan sejenisnya. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semak" title="Semak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Semak</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan tumbuhan basah sedikit sekali, sedangkan hewannya antara lain moose, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beruang" title="Beruang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">beruang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> hitam, ajag, dan burung-burung yang bermigrasi ke </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selatan" title="Selatan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">selatan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musim_gugur" title="Musim gugur"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">musim gugur</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo31; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tundra</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tundra terdapat di belahan bumi sebelah utara di dalam lingkaran </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutub_utara" title="Kutub utara"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kutub utara</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan terdapat di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puncak" title="Puncak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">puncak</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-puncak gunung tinggi. Pertumbuhan tanaman di daerah ini hanya 60 hari. Contoh tumbuhan yang dominan adalah sphagnum, liken, tumbuhan biji semusim, tumbuhan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdu" title="Perdu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">perdu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumput" title="Rumput"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">rumput</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> alang-alang. Pada umumnya, tumbuhannya mampu beradaptasi dengan keadaan yang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dingin&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Dingin (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">dingin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo32; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Karst (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batu_gamping&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Batu gamping (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">batu gamping</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> /gua).</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Karst berawal dari nama kawasan batu gamping di wilayah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Yugoslavia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Kawasan karst di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Indonesia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> rata-rata mempunyai ciri-ciri yang hampir sama yaitu, tanahnya kurang subur untuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertanian" title="Pertanian"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">pertanian</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sensitif terhadap </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosi" title="Erosi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">erosi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, mudah longsor, bersifat rentan dengan pori-pori </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aerasi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Aerasi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">aerasi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang rendah, gaya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Permeabilitas&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Permeabilitas (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">permeabilitas</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang lamban dan didominasi oleh pori-pori mikro. Ekosistem karst mengalami keunikan tersendiri, dengan keragaman aspek biotis yang tidak dijumpai di ekosistem lain. </span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Buatan</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Bali_riziere.jpg&filetimestamp=20081026101601"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="149" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.gif" width="228" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sawah merupakan salah satu contoh ekosistem buatan</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem buatan adalah ekosistem yang diciptakan manusia untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya. Ekosistem buatan mendapatkan subsidi energi dari luar, tanaman atau hewan peliharaan didominasi pengaruh manusia, dan memiliki keanekaragaman rendah. Contoh ekosistem buatan adalah:</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendungan" title="Bendungan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">bendungan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">hutan tanaman </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produksi" title="Produksi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">produksi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jati" title="Jati"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">jati</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinus" title="Pinus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pinus</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agroekosistem&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Agroekosistem (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">agroekosistem</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> berupa sawah tadah hujan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawah" title="Sawah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sawah</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> irigasi</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">perkebunan sawit</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ekosistem pemukiman seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota" title="Kota"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kota</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desa" title="Desa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">desa</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ekosistem ruang angkasa. </span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem kota memiliki metabolisme tinggi sehingga butuh energi yang banyak. Kebutuhan materi juga tinggi dan tergantung dari luar, serta memiliki pengeluaran yang eksesif seperti polusi dan panas. </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem ruang angkasa bukan merupakan suatu sistem tertutup yang dapat memenuhi sendiri kebutuhannya tanpa tergantung input dari luar. Semua ekosistem dan kehidupan selalu bergantung pada bumi. </span></div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bioma</span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah sekelompok </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">tumbuhan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang tinggal di suatu lokasi geografis tertentu. Bioma terbagi menjadi beberapa jenis, ditentukan oleh curah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hujan" title="Hujan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hujan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan intensitas </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahaya" title="Cahaya"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">cahaya</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matahari" title="Matahari"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">mataharinya</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berikut ini adalah pembagian bioma:</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">tundra</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiga" title="Taiga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">taiga</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">/hutan konifer</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padang_gurun" title="Padang gurun"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">padang gurun</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padang_rumput" title="Padang rumput"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">padang rumput</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan_gugur" title="Hutan gugur"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hutan gugur</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, dan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan_hujan_tropis" title="Hutan hujan tropis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hutan hujan tropis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BELAJARLAH</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> YANG </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">RAJIN</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> UNTUK </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">MENGGAPAI</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> CITA-CITAMU. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SMART</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> EDUCATION </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SELALU</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> MENDUKUNG </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PRESTASI</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> ANAK </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BANGSA.</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Apabila ada tambahan, saran dan kritik, tolong tambahkan pada kolom komentar di bawah ini. Terima Kasih.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div>Les privathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00989767684801832891noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5255298841592842633.post-91446735390159619572011-08-10T23:54:00.001-07:002011-08-10T23:54:56.891-07:00ILMU BERDASARKAN HIERARKI ORGANISASI<!--[if !mso]> <style>
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mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent2;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
line-height:normal;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2LastRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:last-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:2.25pt double #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-insideh:cell-none;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent2;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
line-height:normal;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2FirstCol
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:first-column;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2LastCol
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:last-column;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent2;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2OddColumn
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:odd-column;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-shading:#EFD3D2;
mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-shading-themetint:63;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent2;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2OddRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:odd-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-shading:#EFD3D2;
mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-shading-themetint:63;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent2;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2EvenRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:even-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent2;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:1;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:1;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
border:solid #9BBB59 1.0pt;
mso-border-themecolor:accent3;
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-border-insideh:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-border-insideh-themecolor:accent3;
mso-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-border-insidev-themecolor:accent3;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3FirstRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:first-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:2.25pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-insideh:cell-none;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent3;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
line-height:normal;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3LastRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:last-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:2.25pt double #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-insideh:cell-none;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent3;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
line-height:normal;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3FirstCol
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:first-column;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3LastCol
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:last-column;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent3;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3OddColumn
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:odd-column;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-shading:#E6EED5;
mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-shading-themetint:63;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent3;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3OddRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:odd-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-shading:#E6EED5;
mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-shading-themetint:63;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent3;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3EvenRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:even-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent3;}
</style> <![endif]--> <br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMART</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">EDUCATION</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KHUSUS MENGAJAR LES PRIVAT TINGKATAN </span></u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SD </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMP </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN (KHUSUS) :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 22.5pt; width: 499px;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 1.5in; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="height: 1.5in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.95in;" valign="top" width="187"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">IPA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">IPS</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">AKUNTANSI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATEMATIKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BIOLOGI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KIMIA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">FISIKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">EKONOMI </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> <td style="height: 1.5in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.25in;" valign="top" width="312"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">GEOGRAFI </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SEJARAH</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">11.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SOSIOLOGI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">12.BAHASA INDONESIA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">13.BAHASA INGGRIS </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">14.BAHASA JEPANG </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">15.BAHASA JERMAN</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">16.BAHASA JAWA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">17. KOMPUTER </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NON EDUCATION :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MUSIK → GITAR, DRUM, PIANO, ORGEN, KEYBOARD DLL</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SENI → SENI RUPA, SENI TARI, DRAMA DLL</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CATUR</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">UNTUK INFORMASI DAN PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">HUBUNGI </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">089676659020</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TENAGA PENGAJAR DI AMBIL DARI MAHASISWA TERPILIH DAN TERBAIK DARI PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI SURABAYA. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BIAYA :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : 5000</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
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</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN IPA MENCAKUP MATEMATIKA, BIOLOGI, KIMIA, FISIKA :</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN IPS MENCAKUP AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI, GEOGRAFI, SOSIOLOGI, SEJARAH : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MENCAKUP BAHASA INGGRIS, BAHASA INDONESIA, BAHASA JERMAN, BAHASA JEPANG, BAHASA JAWA : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SD (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN<b>)</b></span><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMP (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : <span style="color: blue;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMA (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : 60.000</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: blue;">/ PERTEMUAN / TATAP<b> </b>MUKA</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MUSIK : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SENI : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CATUR : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">35.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NB : Biaya sewaktu-waktu bisa naik atau turun setelah di negosiasikan tergantung lokasi rumah siswa. MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA – SIDOARJO</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SEKILAS ARTIKEL TENTANG BIOLOGI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(DIPOSKAN OLEH LBB SMART EDUCATION : LES PRIVAT KOTA SURABAYA DAN SIDOARJO</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Biologi</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Biologi</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ilmu hayat</span> adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu" title="Ilmu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ilmu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang mempelajari aspek fisik </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kehidupan" title="Kehidupan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kehidupan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Istilah "biologi" dipinjam dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Belanda" title="Bahasa Belanda"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bahasa Belanda</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, <i>biologie</i>, yang juga diturunkan dari gabungan kata </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bahasa Yunani</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, βίος, <i>bios</i> ("hidup") dan λόγος,<i>logos</i> ("lambang", "ilmu"). Istilah "ilmu hayat" dipinjam dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bahasa Arab</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, juga berarti "ilmu kehidupan". Obyek kajian </span><strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pada masa kini sangat luas dan mencakup semua </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhluk_hidup" title="Makhluk hidup"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">makhluk hidup</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dalam berbagai aspek kehidupannya.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berbagai cabang biologi mengkhususkan diri pada setiap kelompok </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botani" title="Botani"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">botani</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu tentang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tumbuhan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoologi" title="Zoologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">zoologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu tentang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrobiologi" title="Mikrobiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">mikrobiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu tentang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasad_renik" title="Jasad renik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jasad renik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">). Perbedaan-perbedaan dan pengelompokan berdasarkan ciri-ciri fisik kelompok organisme dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistematika" title="Sistematika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sistematika</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yang di dalamnya mencakup pula </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taksonomi" title="Taksonomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">taksonomi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paleobiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Paleobiologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">paleobiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berbagai aspek kehidupan dikaji pula dalam biologi. Ciri-ciri fisik bagian tubuh dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomi" title="Anatomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">anatomi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfologi" title="Morfologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">morfologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sementara fungsinya dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fisiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Perilaku hewan dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etologi" title="Etologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">etologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Perkembangan ciri fisik makhluk hidup dalam kurun waktu panjang dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">evolusi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sedangkan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan dalam siklus kehidupan dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_perkembangan" title="Biologi perkembangan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi perkembangan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Interaksi antarsesama makhluk dan dengan alam sekitar mereka dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ekologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">; Mekanisme pewarisan sifat—yang berguna dalam upaya menjaga kelangsungan hidup suatu jenis makhluk hidup—dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">genetika</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Saat ini bahkan berkembang aspek biologi yang mengkaji kemungkinan berevolusinya makhluk hidup pada masa yang akan datang, juga kemungkinan adanya makhluk hidup di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet" title="Planet"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">planet</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-planet selain </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bumi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yaitu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrobiologi" title="Astrobiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">astrobiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Sementara itu, perkembangan teknologi memungkinkan pengkajian pada tingkat molekul penyusun organisme melalui </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_molekular" title="Biologi molekular"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi molekular</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> serta </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biokimia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yang banyak didukung oleh perkembangan teknik komputasi melalui bidang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatika" title="Bioinformatika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bioinformatika</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu biologi banyak berkembang pada abad ke-19, dengan ilmuwan menemukan bahwa organisme memiliki karakteristik pokok. Biologi kini merupakan subyek pelajaran sekolah dan universitas di seluruh dunia, dengan lebih dari jutaan makalah dibuat setiap tahun dalam susunan luas jurnal biologi dan kedokteran. </span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; margin-left: .05in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-cellspacing: 0in; mso-padding-alt: 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:EscherichiaColi_NIAID.jpg&filetimestamp=20050410214037" title=""Escherichia coli" "><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="Escherichia coli" border="0" height="76" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.jpg" width="90" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Tree_Fern.jpg&filetimestamp=20050626174418" title=""Pakis." "><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="Pakis." border="0" height="104" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" width="90" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Goliath_beetle.jpg&filetimestamp=20051004185109" title=""Kumbang tanduk" "><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="Kumbang tanduk" border="0" height="109" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.jpg" width="90" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Thompson%27s_Gazelle.jpeg&filetimestamp=20050602174531" title=""Rusa" "><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="Rusa" border="0" height="75" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.jpg" width="90" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Biologi mempelajari ilmu mengenai kehidupan. Dari kiri atas, bakteri </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Escherichia coli</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">tumbuhan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan_paku" title="Tumbuhan paku"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">pakis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusa" title="Rusa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">rusa</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, serangga </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goliathus" title="Goliathus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">kumbang tanduk</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Asal mula biologi</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Aristoteles dan biologi</span></span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu biologi dirintis oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Aristoteles</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, ilmuwan berkebangsaan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Yunani</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Dalam terminologi Aristoteles, "filosofi alam" adalah cabang filosofi yang meneliti fenomena alam, dan mencakupi bidang yang kini disebut sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fisika</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan ilmu pengetahuan alam lainnya.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Aristoteles melakukan penelitian sejarah alam di pulau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesbos" title="Lesbos"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Lesbos</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Hasil penelitiannya, termasuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Hewan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sejarah Hewan (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sejarah Hewan</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Generasi_Hewan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Generasi Hewan (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Generasi Hewan</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bagian_Hewan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Bagian Hewan (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Bagian Hewan</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, berisi beberapa observasi dan interpretasi, dan juga terdapat mitos dan kesalahan. Bagian yang penting adalah mengenai kehidupan laut. Ia memisahkan mamalia laut dari ikan, dan mengetahui bahwa hiu dan pari adalah bagian dari grup yang ia sebut Selachē (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Selachians&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Selachians (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">selachians</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">). </span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Didirikannya biologi modern</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Istilah biologi dalam pengertian modern kelihatannya diperkenalkan secara terpisah oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Reinhold_Treviranus&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biologie_oder_Philosophie_der_lebenden_Natur&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Biologie oder Philosophie der lebenden Natur (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Biologie oder Philosophie der lebenden Natur</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1802" title="1802"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">1802</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lamarck" title="Jean-Baptiste Lamarck"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Jean-Baptiste Lamarck</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydrog%C3%A9ologie&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Hydrogéologie (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Hydrogéologie</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, 1802). Namun, istilah biologi sebenarnya telah dipakai pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1800" title="1800"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">1800</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl_Friedrich_Burdach&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Karl Friedrich Burdach (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Karl Friedrich Burdach</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Bahkan, sebelumnya, istilah itu juga telah muncul dalam judul buku </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Christoph_Hanov&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Michael Christoph Hanov (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Michael Christoph Hanov</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> jilid ke-3 yang terbit pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1766" title="1766"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">1766</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yaitu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philosophiae_Naturalis_Sive_Physicae_Dogmaticae:_Geologia,_Biologia,_Phytologia_Generais_et_Dendrologia&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Philosophiae Naturalis Sive Physicae Dogmaticae: Geologia, Biologia, Phytologia Generais et Dendrologia (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Philosophiae Naturalis Sive Physicae Dogmaticae: Geologia, Biologia, Phytologia Generais et Dendrologia</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 323.25pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cakupan</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></h2><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada masa kini, biologi mencakup bidang akademik yang sangat luas, bersentuhan dengan bidang-bidang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sains" title="Sains"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sains</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang lain, dan sering kali dipandang sebagai ilmu yang mandiri. Namun, pencabangan biologi selalu mengikuti tiga dimensi yang saling tegak lurus: <i>keanekaragaman</i> (berdasarkan kelompok organisme), <i>organisasi kehidupan</i> (taraf kajian dari sistem kehidupan), dan <i>interaksi</i> (hubungan antarunit kehidupan serta antara unit kehidupan dengan lingkungannya).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Daftar ilmu-ilmu hayati</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ilmu-ilmu hayati</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (<i>biosciences</i>) mencakup semua disiplin </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu" title="Ilmu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ilmu</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang mempelajari aspek kehidupan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan makhluk suborganisme (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus" title="Virus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">virus</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viroid&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Viroid (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">viroid</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prion" title="Prion"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">prion</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">). Semula menginduk dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">biologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, semenjak akhir abad ke-19 hingga sekarang berbagai ilmu telah berkembang menuju ke arah kekhususan atau menggunakan alat-alat dari cabang utama ilmu pengetahuan lainnya sehingga menjadi disiplin yang cukup berbeda. Saat ini, ilmu-ilmu hayati berjumlah ratusan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Biologi sendiri semula merupakan bagian dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu_alam" title="Ilmu alam"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ilmu pengetahuan alam</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (<i>natural sciences</i>) yang dipelajari oleh para naturalis (ahli ilmu-ilmu alamiah). Biologi sebagai ilmu yang mandiri, dalam arti memiliki perangkat analisis dan konsep-konsep ilmiah yang kokoh, baru terbentuk pada abad ke-18, setelah penemuan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroskop" title="Mikroskop"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">mikroskop</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan tumbangnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">dogma</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Generatio_spontanea&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Generatio spontanea (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">generatio spontanea</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> oleh konsep </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Omne_vivum_ex_vivo&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Omne vivum ex vivo (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">omne vivum ex vivo</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Konsep </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">evolusi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, pewarisan sifat (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditas" title="Hereditas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hereditas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">), dan penemuan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA" title="DNA"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">DNA</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> sebagai bahan genetik memacu perkembangan biologi secara pesat.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pembagian disiplin ilmu di bawah ini tidak bersifat mutlak karena beberapa di antaranya sekarang dianggap mandiri walaupun masih memiliki keterkaitan dengan bidang induknya, misalnya genetika dengan fisiologi, biologi molekular dengan genetika, dan sebagainya. Selain itu, karena dinamisnya perkembangan ilmu-ilmu ini, seringkali ilmu-ilmu ini saling bertemu dan menghasilkan kajian antardisiplin.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu-ilmu berdasarkan kelompok organisme</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taksonomi" title="Taksonomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Taksonomi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">/Klasifikasi</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologi" title="Virologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Virologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi virus)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrobiologi" title="Mikrobiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mikrobiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi mikroorganisme) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteriologi" title="Bakteriologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bakteriologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi bakteri)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoologi" title="Protozoologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Protozoologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi protozoa)</span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikologi" title="Mikologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mikologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">jamur, kapang dan ragi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botani" title="Botani"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Botani</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi tumbuhan) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fikologi" title="Fikologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fikologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi alga)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pteridologi" title="Pteridologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pteridologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan_paku" title="Tumbuhan paku"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pakis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bryologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Bryologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bryologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi lumut)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrologi" title="Dendrologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dendrologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleobotani" title="Paleobotani"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Paleobotani</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoologi" title="Zoologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Zoologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi hewan) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nematologi" title="Nematologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nematologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi nematoda)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakologi" title="Malakologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Malakologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi moluska)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entomologi" title="Entomologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Entomologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi serangga) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="square"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apiari&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Apiari (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apiari</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi dan ternak lebah)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mirmekologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Mirmekologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mirmekologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi rayap)</span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iktiologi" title="Iktiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Iktiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi ikan)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpetologi" title="Herpetologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Herpetologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi reptilia dan amfibia)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornitologi" title="Ornitologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ornitologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi unggas)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamologi" title="Mamologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mamologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi mamalia) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="square"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primatologi" title="Primatologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Primatologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi primata)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rodentiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Rodentiologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rodentiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi rodentia)</span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleozoologi" title="Paleozoologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Paleozoologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoologi_perbandingan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Zoologi perbandingan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Zoologi perbandingan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul></ul><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu-ilmu berdasarkan hierarki organisasi</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo36; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_sel" title="Biologi sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biologi sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sel_molekular&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Biologi sel molekular (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biologi sel molekular</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo36; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomi" title="Anatomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Anatomi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomi_perbandingan" title="Anatomi perbandingan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Anatomi perbandingan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitologi" title="Sitologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sitologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu Sel)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histologi" title="Histologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Histologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu jaringan)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Organologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Organologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu organ) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="square"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonologi" title="Pulmonologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pulmonologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (paru-paru)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardiologi" title="Kardiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kardiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (jantung)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiologi" title="Radiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Radiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurologi" title="Neurologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Neurologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (saraf)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viscerologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Viscerologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Viscerologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfologi" title="Morfologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Morfologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (fisik luar) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="square"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pomologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Pomologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pomologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palinologi" title="Palinologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Palinologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul></ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo36; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fisiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (fungsi dalam tubuh) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patologi" title="Patologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Patologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onkologi" title="Onkologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Onkologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzimologi" title="Enzimologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Enzimologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imunologi" title="Imunologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Imunologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo36; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekofisiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekofisiologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekofisiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekologi_molekular&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekologi molekular (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekologi molekular</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limnologi" title="Limnologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Limnologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biologi_udara&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Biologi udara (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biologi udara</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseanografi" title="Oseanografi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Oseanografi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiologi" title="Epidemiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Epidemiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toksikologi" title="Toksikologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Toksikologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_kelautan" title="Biologi kelautan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biologi kelautan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul></ul><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu-ilmu berdasarkan aspek kehidupan</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_reproduksi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu reproduksi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu reproduksi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_perkembangan" title="Biologi perkembangan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biologi perkembangan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenologi" title="Fenologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fenologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filogeni" title="Filogeni"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Filogeni</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleontologi" title="Paleontologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Paleontologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, pewarisan sifat pada makhluk hidup </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Genetika_sel&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Genetika sel (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (sitogenetika)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika_molekular" title="Genetika molekular"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika molekular</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Genetika_Mendel&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Genetika Mendel (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika Mendel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika_populasi" title="Genetika populasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika populasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika_kuantitatif" title="Genetika kuantitatif"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika kuantitatif</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Genetika_perkembangan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Genetika perkembangan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika perkembangan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Genetika_evolusionar&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Genetika evolusionar (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika evolusionar</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fisiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fisiologi_perkembangan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Fisiologi perkembangan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fisiologi perkembangan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzimologi" title="Enzimologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Enzimologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imunologi" title="Imunologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Imunologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endokrinologi" title="Endokrinologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Endokrinologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fisiologi_molekular&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Fisiologi molekular (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fisiologi molekular</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Evolusi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etologi" title="Etologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Etologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu perilaku hewan)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_molekular" title="Biologi molekular"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biologi molekular</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cell_signalling&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Cell signalling (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cell signalling</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomika" title="Genomika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genomika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transkriptomika" title="Transkriptomika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Transkriptomika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteomika" title="Proteomika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Proteomika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolomika" title="Metabolomika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Metabolomika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Systems_Biology&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Systems Biology (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Systems Biology</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul></ul><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu-ilmu campuran dan terapan</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biokimia</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo38; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknik_bioproses" title="Teknik bioproses"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teknik biokimia</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofisika" title="Biofisika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biofisika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatika" title="Bioinformatika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bioinformatika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biostatistika" title="Biostatistika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biostatistika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">/Biometrika</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografi" title="Biogeografi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biogeografi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agronomi" title="Agronomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Agronomi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu_tanah" title="Ilmu tanah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu tanah</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitopatologi" title="Fitopatologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fitopatologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulma" title="Gulma"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">gulma</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hortikultura" title="Hortikultura"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hortikultura</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemuliaan" title="Pemuliaan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pemuliaan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Produksi_ternak&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Produksi ternak (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">produksi ternak</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kehutanan" title="Kehutanan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kehutanan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo38; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_budidaya_hutan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu budidaya hutan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu budidaya hutan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (agroforestri)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo38; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Konservasi_sumber_daya_alam&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Konservasi sumber daya alam (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Konservasi sumber daya alam</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perikanan" title="Perikanan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">perikanan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedokteran_hewan" title="Kedokteran hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kedokteran hewan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (veteriner)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedokteran" title="Kedokteran"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kedokteran</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu-ilmu yang dipelajari dalam kedokteran dicantumkan terpisah (lihat di bawah)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrobiologi" title="Astrobiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Astrobiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> / Eksobiologi</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioteknologi" title="Bioteknologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bioteknologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo38; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rekayasa_genetika" title="Rekayasa genetika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rekayasa genetika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo38; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teknologi_enzim&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Teknologi enzim (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teknologi enzim</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo38; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknik_bioproses" title="Teknik bioproses"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teknik bioproses</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_biologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sejarah biologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sejarah biologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu-ilmu yang dipelajari dalam bidang kedokteran/pengobatan/kesehatan</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patologi" title="Patologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Patologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_penyakit_dalam&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu penyakit dalam (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu penyakit dalam</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venereologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Venereologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Venereologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obstetri&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Obstetri (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Obstetri</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onkologi" title="Onkologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Onkologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_kedokteran_forensik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu kedokteran forensik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu kedokteran forensik</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_kedokteran_molekular&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu kedokteran molekular (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu kedokteran molekular</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_kedokteran_klinik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu kedokteran klinik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu kedokteran klinik</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_kedokteran_gigi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu kedokteran gigi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu kedokteran gigi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodonti" title="Periodonti"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Periodonti</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ortodonti&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ortodonti (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ortodonti</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nasofaringologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Nasofaringologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nasofaringologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginekologi" title="Ginekologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ginekologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perinatologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Perinatologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perinatologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiologi" title="Radiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Radiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontologi" title="Gerontologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gerontologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etika_kedokteran&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Etika kedokteran (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Etika kedokteran</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembagian Berdasarkan Kelompok Organisme</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Makhluk hidup atau organisme sangat beraneka ragam. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taksonomi" title="Taksonomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Taksonomi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> mempelajari bagaimana organisme dapat dikelompokkan berdasarkan kemiripan dan perbedaan yang dimiliki. Selanjutnya, berbagai kelompok itu dipelajari semua gatra kehidupannya, sehingga dikenallah ilmu biologi tumbuhan (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botani" title="Botani"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">botani</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), biologi hewan (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoologi" title="Zoologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">zoologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), biologi serangga (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entomologi" title="Entomologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">entomologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), dan seterusnya.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembagian berdasarkan organisasi kehidupan</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kehidupan berlangsung dalam hirarki yang terorganisasi. Hirarki organisme, dari yang terkecil hingga yang terbesar yang dipelajari dalam biologi, adalah sebagai berikut: </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel" title="Sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan" title="Jaringan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">jaringan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ" title="Organ"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">organ</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_organ" title="Sistem organ"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sistem organ</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individu" title="Individu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">individu</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populasi" title="Populasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">populasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunitas" title="Komunitas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">komunitas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau masyarakat;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ekosistem</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">; dan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioma" title="Bioma"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">bioma</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kajian-kajian subindividu mencakup </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_sel" title="Biologi sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomi" title="Anatomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">anatomi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan cabang-cabangnya (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitologi" title="Sitologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sitologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histologi" title="Histologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">histologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Organologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fisiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Pembagian lebih rinci juga mungkin terjadi. Misalnya, anatomi dapat dikhususkan pada setiap organ atau sistem (biasa terjadi dalam ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedokteran" title="Kedokteran"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kedokteran</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">): </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonologi" title="Pulmonologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">pulmonologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardiologi" title="Kardiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kardiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurologi" title="Neurologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">neurologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan sebagainya).</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tingkat supraindividu dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ekologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yang juga memiliki pengkhususan tersendiri, seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekofisiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekofisiologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ekofisiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau "fisiologi lingkungan", </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenologi" title="Fenologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fenologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, serta </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_perilaku&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu perilaku (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ilmu perilaku</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembagian berdasarkan interaksi</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hubungan antarunit kehidupan maupun antara unit kehidupan dan lingkungannya terjadi pada semua tingkat organisasi. Selain mempelajari kehidupan melalui berbagai tingkatan di atas, biologi juga mempelajari hal-hal berikut, melalui cabang ilmunya masing-masing:</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_perkembangan" title="Biologi perkembangan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">biologi perkembangan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (<i>developmental biology</i>): ilmu yang mempelajari tahap perkembangan makhluk hidup (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontogeni" title="Ontogeni"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ontogeni</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) dari telur yang dibuahi menjadi individu;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">genetika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: ilmu yang mempelajari pewarisan keturunan;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etologi" title="Etologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">etologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: ilmu yang mempelajari perilaku makhluk hidup;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistematika" title="Sistematika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sistematika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: ilmu yang mempelajari keanekaragaman organisme dan hubungannya dengan relasi tertentu;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ekologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: ilmu yang mempelajari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">habitat</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan interaksi makhluk hidup dengan lingkungannya;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">evolusi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: ilmu yang mempelajari perubahan yang terjadi pada makhluk hidup; dan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ksenobiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ksenobiologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ksenobiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: ilmu pengetahuan spekulatif tentang adanya makhluk hidup selain di bumi.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikologi" title="Mikologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mikologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : ilmu yang mempelajari mengenai cendawan/ jamur</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrobiologi" title="Mikrobiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mikrobiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : ilmu yang mempelajari makhluk-makhluk mikroskopis</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">bahkan terdapat sub ilmu biologi yang berkaitan dengan ilmu lain seperti biokimia dan biofisik, dimana ilmu biologi dilihat dari sudut pandang kimia dan fisika.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel (biologi)</span></h1><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Sel</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> merupakan unit organisasi terkecil yang menjadi dasar kehidupan dalam arti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologis</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Semua fungsi kehidupan diatur dan berlangsung di dalam sel. Oleh karena itu, sel dapat berfungsi secara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autonom&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Autonom (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">autonom</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> asalkan seluruh kebutuhan hidupnya terpenuhi.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Semua </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> selular terbagi ke dalam dua golongan besar berdasarkan arsitektur basal dari selnya, yaitu organisme </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokariota" title="Prokariota"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">prokariota</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan organisme </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukariota" title="Eukariota"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">eukariota</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Organisme prokariota tidak memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inti_sel" title="Inti sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">inti sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan mempunyai organisasi internal sel yang relatif lebih sederhana. Prokariota terbagi menjadi dua kelompok yang besar: </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eubakteria&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Eubakteria (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">eubakteria</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang meliputi hampir seluruh jenis </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteri" title="Bakteri"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bakteri</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">archaea</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, kelompok prokariota yang sangat mirip dengan bakteri dan berkembang-biak di lingkungan yang ekstrem seperti sumber air panas yang bersifat asam atau air yang mengandung kadar garam yang sangat tinggi. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genom" title="Genom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Genom</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> prokariota terdiri dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromosom" title="Kromosom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kromosom</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tunggal yang melingkar, tanpa organisasi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA" title="DNA"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">DNA</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Organisme eukariota memiliki organisasi intraselular yang jauh lebih kompleks, antara lain dengan membran internal, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organel" title="Organel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang memiliki membran tersendiri seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inti_sel" title="Inti sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">inti sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitoskeleton" title="Sitoskeleton"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sitoskeleton</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang sangat terstruktur. Sel eukariota memiliki beberapa kromosom linear di dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nuklei&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Nuklei (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">nuklei</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, di dalamnya terdapat sederet </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">molekul</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA" title="DNA"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">DNA</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang sangat panjang yang terbagi dalam paket-paket yang dipisahkan oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histon" title="Histon"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">histon</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein" title="Protein"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">protein</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang lain.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jika panjang DNA diberi notasi C dan jumlah kromosom dalam genom diberi notasi n, maka notasi 2nC menunjukkan genom sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diploid" title="Diploid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">diploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, 1nC menunjukkan genom sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" title="Haploid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">haploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, 3nC menunjukkan genom sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triploid" title="Triploid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">triploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, 4nC menunjukkan genom sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tetraploid&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tetraploid (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tetraploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">manusia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, C = 3,5 × 10<sup>-12</sup> g, dengan n = 23, sehingga genom manusia dirumuskan menjadi 2 x 23 x 3,5 × 10<sup>-12</sup>, karena sel eukariota manusia memiliki genom diploid.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sejenis sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diploid" title="Diploid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">diploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yaitu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_nutfah" title="Sel nutfah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel nutfah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dapat terdiferensiasi menjadi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_gamet" title="Sel gamet"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel gamet</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" title="Haploid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">haploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genom" title="Genom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Genom</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sel gamet pada manusia memiliki 23 kromosom, 22 diantaranya merupakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Otosom&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Otosom (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">otosom</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sisanya merupakan kromosom genital. Pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oosit" title="Oosit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">oosit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, kromosom genital senantiasa memiliki notasi X, sedangkan pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spermatosit&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Spermatosit (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">spermatosit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, kromosom dapat berupa X maupun Y. Setelah terjadi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertilisasi" title="Fertilisasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fertilisasi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> antara kedua sel gamet yang berbeda kromosom genitalnya, terbentuklah sebuah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigot" title="Zigot"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">zigot</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> diploid. Notasi genom yang digunakan untuk zigot adalah 46,XX atau 46,XY.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada umumnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_somatik" title="Sel somatik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel somatik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> merupakan sel diploid, namun terdapat beberapa perkecualian, antara lain: </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_darah_merah" title="Sel darah merah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel darah merah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keratinosit&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Keratinosit (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">keratinosit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> memiliki genom </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nuliploid&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Nuliploid (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">nuliploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Hepatosit bergenom </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tetraploid&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tetraploid (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tetraploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> 4nC, sedang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Megakariosit&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Megakariosit (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">megakariosit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumsum_tulang_belakang" title="Sumsum tulang belakang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sumsum tulang belakang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> memiliki genom poliploid hingga 8nC, 16nC atau 32nC dan dapat melakukan proliferasi hingga menghasilkan ribuan sel nuliploid. Banyaknya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploidi" title="Ploidi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ploidi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pada sel terjadi sebagai akibat dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replikasi" title="Replikasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">replikasi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA" title="DNA"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">DNA</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang tidak disertai pembelahan sel, yang lazim disebut sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endomitosis&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Endomitosis (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">endomitosis</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Sel_tumbuhan.png"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="180" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.gif" width="238" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sel selaput penyusun umbi bawang bombay (<i>Allium cepa</i>). Tampak dinding sel dan inti sel (berupa noktah di dalam setiap 'ruang'). Perbesaran 400 kali.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sejarah penemuan sel</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Robert Hooke</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada awalnya sel digambarkan pada tahun </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1665" title="1665"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">1665</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> oleh seorang ilmuwan Inggris </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Robert Hooke</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang telah meneliti irisan tipis </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabus" title="Gabus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">gabus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> melalui </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroskop" title="Mikroskop"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">mikroskop</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang dirancangnya sendiri. Kata <i>sel</i> berasal dari kata </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bahasa Latin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> cellula yang berarti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rongga&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Rongga (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">rongga</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">/ruangan.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada tahun 1835, sebelum teori Sel merupakan unit organisasi terkecil yang menjadi dasar kehidupan dalam arti biologis. Semua fungsi kehidupan diatur dan berlangsung di dalam sel. Karena itulah, sel dapat berfungsi secara autonom asalkan seluruh kebutuhan hidupnya terpenuhi.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Semua organisme selular terbagi ke dalam dua golongan besar berdasarkan arsitektur basal dari selnya, yaitu organisme prokariota dan organisme eukariota.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Organisme prokariota tidak memiliki inti sel dan mempunyai organisasi internal sel yang relatif lebih sederhana. Prokariota terbagi menjadi dua kelompok yang besar: eubakteria yang meliputi hampir seluruh jenis bakteri, dan archaea, kelompok prokariota yang sangat mirip dengan bakteri dan berkembang-biak di lingkungan yang ekstrem seperti sumber air panas yang bersifat asam atau air yang mengandung kadar garam yang sangat tinggi. Genom prokariota terdiri dari kromosom tunggal yang melingkar, tanpa organisasi DNA.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Organisme eukariota memiliki organisasi intraselular yang jauh lebih kompleks, antara lain dengan membran internal, organel yang memiliki membran tersendiri seperti inti sel dan sitoskeleton yang sangat terstruktur. Sel eukariota memiliki beberapa kromosom linear di dalam nuklei, di dalamnya terdapat sederet molekul DNA yang sangat panjang yang terbagi dalam paket-paket yang dipisahkan oleh histon dan protein yang lain.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jika panjang DNA diberi notasi C dan jumlah kromosom dalam genom diberi notasi n, maka notasi 2nC menunjukkan genom sel diploid, 1nC menunjukkan genom sel haploid, 3nC menunjukkan genom sel triploid, 4nC menunjukkan genom sel tetraploid. Pada manusia, C = 3,5 × 10-12 g, dengan n = 23, sehingga genom manusia dirumuskan menjadi 2 x 23 x 3,5 × 10-12, karena sel eukariota manusia memiliki genom diploid.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sejenis sel diploid yaitu sel nutfah dapat terdiferensiasi menjadi sel gamet haploid. Genom sel gamet pada manusia memiliki 23 kromosom, 22 diantaranya merupakan otosom, sisanya merupakan kromosom genital. Pada oosit, kromosom genital senantiasa memiliki notasi X, sedangkan pada spermatosit, kromosom dapat berupa X maupun Y. Setelah terjadi fertilisasi antara kedua sel gamet yang berbeda kromosom genitalnya, terbentuklah sebuah zigot diploid. Notasi genom yang digunakan untuk zigot adalah 46,XX atau 46,XY.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada umumnya sel somatik merupakan sel diploid, namun terdapat beberapa perkecualian, antara lain: sel darah merah dan keratinosit memiliki genom nuliploid. Hepatosit bergenom tetraploid 4nC, sedang megakariosit pada sumsum tulang belakang memiliki genom poliploid hingga 8nC, 16nC atau 32nC dan dapat melakukan proliferasi hingga menghasilkan ribuan sel nuliploid. Banyaknya ploidi pada sel terjadi sebagai akibat dari replikasi DNA yang tidak disertai pembelahan sel, yang lazim disebut sebagai endomitosis. sel menjadi lengkap, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Evangelista_Purkyn%C4%9B" title="Jan Evangelista Purkyně"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Jan Evangelista Purkyně</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> melakukan pengamatan terhadap </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Granula&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Granula (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">granula</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pada tanaman melalui mikroskop. Teori sel kemudian dikembangkan pada tahun 1839 oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Matthias_Jakob_Schleiden&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Matthias Jakob Schleiden (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Matthias Jakob Schleiden</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theodor_Schwann&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Theodor Schwann (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Theodor Schwann</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang mengatakan bahwa semua </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhluk_hidup" title="Makhluk hidup"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">makhluk hidup</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tersusun dari satu sel tunggal, yang disebut uniselular, atau lebih, yang disebut multiselular. Semua sel berasal dari sel yang telah ada sebelumnya, di dalam sel terjadi fungsi-fungsi vital demi kelangsungan hidup organisme dan terdapat informasi mengenai regulasi fungsi tersebut yang dapat diteruskan pada generasi sel berikutnya.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Struktur sel dan fungsi-fungsinya secara menakjubkan hampir serupa untuk semua organisme, namun jalur </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">evolusi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang ditempuh oleh masing-masing golongan besar organisme (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnum" title="Regnum"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Regnum</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) juga memiliki kekhususan sendiri-sendiri. Sel-sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokariota" title="Prokariota"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">prokariota</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> beradaptasi dengan kehidupan uniselular sedangkan sel-sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukariota" title="Eukariota"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">eukariota</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> beradaptasi untuk hidup saling bekerja sama dalam organisasi yang sangat rapi.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perkembangan sel</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Di dalam tubuh manusia, telah dikenali sekitar 210 jenis sel. Sebagaimana organisme multiselular lainnya, kehidupan manusia juga dimulai dari sebuah sel embrio diploid hasil dari fusi haploid </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oosit" title="Oosit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">oosit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spermatosit&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Spermatosit (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">spermatosit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang kemudian mengalami serangkaian mitosis. Pada tahap awal, sel-sel embrio bersifat </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Totipoten&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Totipoten (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">totipoten</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, setiap sel memiliki kapasitas untuk terdiferensiasi menjadi salah satu dari seluruh jenis sel tubuh. Selang berjalannya tahap perkembangan, kapasitas diferensiasi menjadi menurun menjadi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pluripoten&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Pluripoten (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">pluripoten</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, hingga menjadi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_progenitor" title="Sel progenitor"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel progenitor</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang hanya memiliki kapasitas untuk terdiferensiasi menjadi satu jenis sel saja, dengan kapasitas </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unipoten&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Unipoten (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">unipoten</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada level molekular, perkembangan sel dikendalikan melalui suatu proses pembelahan sel, diferensiasi sel, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morfogenesis&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Morfogenesis (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">morfogenesis</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis" title="Apoptosis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">apoptosis</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Tiap proses, pada awalnya, diaktivasi secara genetik, sebelum sel tersebut dapat menerima sinyal </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen" title="Mitogen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">mitogenik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dari lingkungan di luar sel.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Proses pembelahan sel</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siklus_sel" title="Siklus sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Siklus sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah proses duplikasi secara akurat untuk menghasilkan jumlah DNA kromosom yang cukup banyak dan mendukung segregasi untuk menghasilkan dua sel anakan yang identik secara genetik. Proses ini berlangsung terus-menerus dan berulang (siklik)</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sel tidak lepas dari siklus kehidupan yang dialami sel untuk tetap bertahan hidup. Siklus ini mengatur pertumbuhan sel dengan meregulasi waktu pembelahan dan mengatur perkembangan sel dengan mengatur jumlah ekspresi atau translasi gen pada masing-masing sel yang menentukan diferensiasinya.</span></div><h5 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></h5><h5 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fase pada siklus sel</span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></h5><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa S (sintesis): Tahap terjadinya replikasi DNA</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa M (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitosis" title="Mitosis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mitosis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">): Tahap terjadinya pembelahan sel (baik pembelahan biner atau pembentukan tunas)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa G (gap): Tahap pertumbuhan bagi sel. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa G<sub>0</sub>, sel yang baru saja mengalami pembelahan berada dalam keadaan diam atau sel tidak melakukan pertumbuhan maupun perkembangan. Kondisi ini sangat bergantung pada sinyal atau rangsangan baik dari luar atau dalam sel. Umum terjadi dan beberapa tidak melanjutkan pertumbuhan (dorman) dan mati.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa G<sub>1</sub>, sel eukariot mendapatkan sinyal untuk tumbuh, antara sitokinesis dan sintesis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa G<sub>2</sub>, pertumbuhan sel eukariot antara sintesis dan mitosis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa tersebut berlangsung dengan urutan S > G<sub>2</sub> > M > G<sub>0</sub> > G<sub>1</sub> > kembali ke S. Dalam konteks Mitosis, fase G dan S disebut sebagai Interfase.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Diferensiasi sel</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Regenerasi_sel&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Regenerasi sel (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Regenerasi sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah proses pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sel yang bertujuan untuk mengisi ruang tertentu pada jaringan atau memperbaiki bagian yang rusak.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diferensiasi_sel&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Diferensiasi sel (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Diferensiasi sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah proses pematangan suatu sel menjadi sel yang spesifik dan fungsional, terletak pada posisi tertentu di dalam jaringan, dan mendukung fisiologis hewan. Misalnya, sebuah <i>stem cell</i> mampu berdiferensiasi menjadi sel kulit.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Saat sebuah sel tunggal, yaitu sel yang telah dibuahi, mengalami pembelahan berulang kali dan menghasilkan pola akhir dengan keakuratan dan kompleksitas yang spektakuler, sel itu telah mengalami regenerasi dan diferensiasi.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regenerasi" title="Regenerasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Regenerasi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan diferensiasi sel hewan ditentukan oleh genom. Genom yang identik terdapat pada setiap sel, namun mengekspresikan set gen yang berbeda, bergantung pada jumlah gen yang diekspresikan. Misalnya, pada sel retina mata, tentu gen penyandi karakteristik penangkap cahaya terdapat dalam jumlah yang jauh lebih banyak daripada ekspresi gen indera lainnya.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Morfogenesis</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengekspresian gen itu sendiri memengaruhi jumlah sel, jenis sel, interaksi sel, bahkan lokasi sel. Oleh karena itu, sel hewan memiliki 4 proses esensial pengkonstruksian embrio yang diatur oleh ekspresi gen, sebagai berikut:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Proliferasi sel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menghasilkan banyak sel dari satu sel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Spesialisasi sel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menciptakan sel dengan karakteristik berbeda pada posisi yang berbeda</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Interaksi sel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mengkoordinasi perilaku sebuah sel dengan sel tetangganya</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pergerakan sel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menyusun sel untuk membentuk struktur jaringan dan organ</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada embrio yang berkembang, keempat proses ini berlangsung bersamaan. Tidak ada badan pengatur khusus untuk proses ini. Setiap sel dari jutaan sel embrio harus membuat keputusannya masing-masing, menurut jumlah kopi instruksi genetik dan kondisi khusus masing-masing sel.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel tubuh, seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otot" title="Otot"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">otot</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraf" title="Saraf"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">saraf</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dsb. tetap mempertahankan karakteristik karena masih mengingat sinyal yang diberikan oleh nenek moyangnya saat awal perkembangan embrio.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apoptosis</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apoptosis merupakan bagian dari perkembangan sel, sel tidak dapat mati begitu saja tanpa suatu mekanisme yang tertanam di dalam sel, yang dapat diaktivasi oleh sinyal internal maupun eksternal.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">[</span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sel_%28biologi%29&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Struktur sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">sunting</span></a><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">]</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> <span class="mw-headline">Struktur sel</span></span></h2><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">[</span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sel_%28biologi%29&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Sel eukariota"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">sunting</span></a><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">]</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> <span class="mw-headline">Sel eukariota</span></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara umum setiap sel memiliki</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membran_sel" title="Membran sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">membran sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">,</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitoplasma" title="Sitoplasma"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sitoplasma</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inti_sel" title="Inti sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">inti sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau nukleus.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sitoplasma dan inti sel bersama-sama disebut sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protoplasma&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Protoplasma (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">protoplasma</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Sitoplasma berwujud cairan kental (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitosol" title="Sitosol"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sitosol</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) yang di dalamnya terdapat berbagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organel" title="Organel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang memiliki fungsi yang terorganisasi untuk mendukung kehidupan sel. Organel memiliki struktur terpisah dari sitosol dan merupakan "kompartementasi" di dalam sel, sehingga memungkinkan terjadinya reaksi yang tidak mungkin berlangsung di sitosol. Sitoplasma juga didukung oleh jaringan kerangka yang mendukung bentuk sitoplasma sehingga tidak mudah berubah bentuk.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Organel-organel yang ditemukan pada sitoplasma adalah</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitokondria" title="Mitokondria"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mitokondria</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (kondriosom)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Golgi" title="Badan Golgi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">badan Golgi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (diktiosom)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retikulum_endoplasma" title="Retikulum endoplasma"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">retikulum endoplasma</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastida" title="Plastida"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">plastida</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (khusus tumbuhan, mencakup </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukoplas" title="Leukoplas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">leukoplas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloroplas" title="Kloroplas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kloroplas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromoplas" title="Kromoplas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kromoplas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakuola" title="Vakuola"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vakuola</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (khusus tumbuhan)</span></li>
</ul><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel prokariota</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel tumbuhan dan sel bakteri memiliki lapisan di luar membran yang dikenal sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinding_sel" title="Dinding sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">dinding sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Dinding sel bersifat tidak elastis dan membatasi perubahan ukuran sel. Keberadaan dinding sel juga menyebabkan terbentuknya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruang_antarsel&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ruang antarsel (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ruang antarsel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yang pada tumbuhan menjadi bagian penting dari transportasi hara dan mineral di dalam tubuh tumbuhan.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tumbuhan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteri" title="Bakteri"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bakteri</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> mempunyai beberapa perbedaan seperti berikut:</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableLightGridAccent2" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1;"> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 2.25pt; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 247.5pt;" valign="top" width="330"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sel tumbuhan</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 247.5pt;" valign="top" width="330"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sel hewan</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 247.5pt;" valign="top" width="330"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sel bakteri</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"></span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sel tumbuhan lebih besar daripada sel hewan.</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel hewan lebih kecil daripada sel tumbuhan.</span></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel bakteri sangat kecil.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Mempunyai bentuk yang tetap.</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak mempunyai bentuk yang tetap.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mempunyai bentuk yang tetap.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Mempunyai </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinding_sel" title="Dinding sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dinding sel</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"> [<i>cell wall</i>] dari </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selulosa" title="Selulosa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">selulosa</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">.</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinding_sel" title="Dinding sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dinding sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> [<i>cell wall</i>].</span></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinding_sel" title="Dinding sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dinding sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> [<i>cell wall</i>] dari lipoprotein.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Mempunyai </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastida" title="Plastida"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">plastida</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">.</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastida" title="Plastida"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">plastida</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastida" title="Plastida"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">plastida</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Mempunyai </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakuola" title="Vakuola"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vakuola</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"> [<i>vacuole</i>] atau rongga sel yang besar.</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakuola" title="Vakuola"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vakuola</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> [<i>vacuole</i>], walaupun kadang-kadang sel beberapa hewan uniseluler memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakuola" title="Vakuola"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vakuola</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (tapi tidak sebesar yang dimiliki tumbuhan). Yang biasa dimiliki hewan adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesikel" title="Vesikel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vesikel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau [<i>vesicle</i>].</span></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakuola" title="Vakuola"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vakuola</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Menyimpan tenaga dalam bentuk butiran (granul) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pati" title="Pati"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pati</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">.</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menyimpan tenaga dalam bentuk butiran (granul) </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glikogen" title="Glikogen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">glikogen</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tidak Mempunyai </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentrosom" title="Sentrosom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sentrosom</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"> [<i>centrosome</i>].</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentrosom" title="Sentrosom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sentrosom</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> [<i>centrosome</i>].</span></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak Mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentrosom" title="Sentrosom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sentrosom</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> [<i>centrosome</i>].</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tidak memiliki </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisosom" title="Lisosom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">lisosom</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"> [<i>lysosome</i>].</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisosom" title="Lisosom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">lisosom</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> [<i>lysosome</i>].</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Nukleus lebih kecil daripada vakuola.</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nukleus lebih besar daripada vesikel.</span></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak memiliki nukleus dalam arti sebenarnya.</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perbedaan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sel hewan dan tanaman</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara umum, perbedaan tersebut dapat dinyatakan sebagai berikut:</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableLightGridAccent3" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1;"> <td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 2.25pt; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Hewan</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tumbuhan</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"></span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Terdapat sentriol</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak ada sentriol</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tidak ada pembentukan dinding sel</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Terdapat sitokinesis dan pembentukan dinding sel</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Ada kutub animal dan vegetal</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak ada perbedaan kutub embriogenik, yang ada semacam epigeal dan hipogeal</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Jaringan sel hewan bergerak menjadi bentuk yang berbeda</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan sel tumbuhan tumbuh menjadi bentuk yang berbeda</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Terdapat proses gastrulasi</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Terdapat proses histodiferensiasi</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tidak terdapat jaringan embrionik seumur hidup</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Meristem sebagai jaringan embrionik seumur hidup</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Terdapat batasan pertumbuhan (ukuran tubuh)</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak ada batasan pertumbuhan, kecuali kemampuan akar dalam hal menopang berat tubuh bagian atas</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Apoptosis untuk perkembangan jaringan, melibatkan mitokondria dan caspase</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak ada "Apoptosis", yang ada lebih ke arah proteksi diri, tidak melibatkan mitokondria</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel-sel khusus</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel Tidak Berinti, contohnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trombosit" title="Trombosit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">trombosit</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrosit" title="Eritrosit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">eritrosit</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (Sel darah merah). Di dalam sel darah merah, terdapat </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobin" title="Hemoglobin"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">hemoglobin</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sebagai pengganti nukleus (inti sel).</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel Berinti Banyak, contohnya <i>Paramecium sp</i> dan sel otot</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel hewan berklorofil, contohnya euglena sp. Euglena sp adalah hewan uniseluler berklorofil.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel pendukung, contohnya adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sel_xilem&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sel xilem (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sel xilem</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Sel xilem akan mati dan meninggalkan dinding sel sebagai "tulang" dan saluran air. Kedua ini sangatlah membantu dalam proses transpirasi pada tumbuhan.</span></li>
</ul><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan</span></h1><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Jaringan</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah sekumpulan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel" title="Sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang memiliki bentuk dan fungsi yang sama. Jaringan-jaringan yang berbeda dapat bekerja sama untuk suatu fungsi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fisiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang sama membentuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ" title="Organ"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organ</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Jaringan dipelajari dalam cabang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang dinamakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histologi" title="Histologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">histologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sedangkan cabang biologi yang mempelajari berubahnya bentuk dan fungsi jaringan dalam hubungannya dengan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyakit" title="Penyakit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">penyakit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histopatologi" title="Histopatologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">histopatologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan dimiliki oleh organisme yang telah memiliki pembagian tugas untuk setiap kelompok sel-selnya. Organisme ber</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talus" title="Talus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">talus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alga" title="Alga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">alga</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> ("ganggang") dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fungi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> ("jamur"), tidak memiliki perbedaan jaringan, meskipun mereka dapat membentuk struktur-struktur khas mirip organ, seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tubuh_buah&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tubuh buah (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tubuh buah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sporofor&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sporofor (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sporofor</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan_lumut" title="Tumbuhan lumut"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tumbuhan lumut</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dapat dikatakan telah memiliki jaringan yang jelas, meskipun ia belum memiliki jaringan pembuluh yang jelas.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan hewan (termasuk manusia)</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ada empat kelompok jaringan dasar yang membentuk tubuh semua </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, termasuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">manusia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan organisme </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel" title="Sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">multiseluler</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tingkat rendah seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artropoda" title="Artropoda"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">artropoda</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: jaringan epitelium, jaringan pengikat, jaringan penyokong, dan jaringan saraf.</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitelium" title="Epitelium"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">epitelium</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan yang disusun oleh lapisan sel yang melapisi permukaan organ seperti permukaan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulit" title="Kulit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kulit</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Jaringan ini berfungsi untuk melindungi organ yang dilapisinya, sebagai organ </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekresi" title="Sekresi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sekresi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan penyerapan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan epitel terdiri dari 3 macam:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1. Eksotelium: epitel yang membungkus bagian luar tubuh</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2. Endotelium: epitel yang melapisi organ dalam tubuh</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3. Mesotelium: epitel yang membatasi rongga tubuh</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fungsi jaringan epitelium yakni:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a. Absorpsi, misalnya pada usus yang menyerap sari-sari makanan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b. Sekresi, contohnya testis yang mensekresikan sperma</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">c. Ekskresi, kulit yang mengeluarkan keringat</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">d. Transportasi, mengatur tekanan osmosis dalam tubuh</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">e. Proteksi, kulit melindungi jaringan tubuh di bawahnya</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">f. Penerima rangsang, kulit yang menanggapi rangsang dari luar</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">g. Pernapasan, kulit katak berfungsi sebagai alat pernapasan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">h. Alat gerak, selaput kaki pada kulit katak membantu dalam pergerakan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">g. Mengatur suhu tubuh, kulit mengatur suhu tubuh dengan mengeluarkan keringat jika tubuh kepanasan</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan pengikat.</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sesuai namanya, jaringan pengikat berfungsi untuk mengikat jaringan dan alat tubuh. Contoh jaringan ini adalah jaringan darah.</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan otot.</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan otot terbagi atas tiga kategori yang berbeda yaitu otot licin yang dapat ditemukan di organ tubuh bagian dalam, otot lurik yang dapat ditemukan pada rangka tubuh, dan otot jantung yang dapat ditemukan di jantung.</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan saraf.</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">adalah jaringan yang berfungsi untuk mengatur aktivitas otot dan organ serta menerima dan meneruskan rangsangan.</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan penyokong</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">adalah jaringan yang terdiri dari jaringan tulang rawan dan jaringan tulang yang berfungsi untuk memberi bentuk tubuh,melindungi tubuh,dan menguatkan bentuk tubuh</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan tumbuhan</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tumbuhan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> relatif lebih homogen daripada jaringan hewan. Tumbuhan tidak memiliki kemampuan lokomosi (berpindah)/bergerak secara aktif sebagaimana hewan. Meskipun demikian, banyak sel-sel baru terbentuk untuk berbagai jaringan sebagai kompensasi banyaknya sel-sel yang mati, yang menjadi pasif karena berperan sebagai sel-sel penyimpan cadangan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energi" title="Energi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">energi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (misalnya pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buah" title="Buah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">buah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbi" title="Umbi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">umbi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolit_sekunder" title="Metabolit sekunder"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">metabolit sekunder</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan untuk mengisi jaringan baru karena tumbuhan selalu bertambah massanya, khususnya bagi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan_tahunan" title="Tumbuhan tahunan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tumbuhan tahunan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Jaringan yang aktif memperbanyak diri dan tidak memiliki fungsi khusus disebut <i>jaringan meristematik</i>, sementara jaringan yang telah mantap dengan fungsinya disebut <i>jaringan tetap</i>/<i>permanen</i>.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan meristematik</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan meristematik terdiri dari sel-sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meristem" title="Meristem"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">meristem</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, suatu analog dari sel-</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_punca" title="Sel punca"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel punca</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (<i>stem cells</i>) hewan. Jaringan ini dapat ditemukan pada titik-</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Titik_tumbuh&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Titik tumbuh (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">titik tumbuh</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> di ujung </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batang" title="Batang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">batang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akar" title="Akar"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">akar</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (disebut meristem pucuk/ujung/apikal), di bawah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulit_kayu" title="Kulit kayu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kulit kayu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambium" title="Kambium"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kambium</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> gabus maupun kambium pembuluh, disebut meristem tepi/lateral), dan di tepi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruas&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ruas (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ruas</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buku_%28tumbuhan%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Buku (tumbuhan) (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">buku</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, serta pada pangkal tangkai daun (meristem antara/interkalar). Jaringan ini, terutama meristem ujung, mudah diinduksi untuk diperbanyak secara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vitro" title="In vitro"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">in vitro</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jargon" title="Jargon"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jargon</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultur_jaringan" title="Kultur jaringan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kultur jaringan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sel-sel ini dikatakan bersifat <i>embrionik</i> ("dapat membentuk embrio"). Jaringan meristematik juga terbentuk apabila ada bagian tumbuhan yang terbuka, misalnya karena terluka. Mobilisasi beberapa </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitohormon" title="Fitohormon"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fitohormon</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, biasanya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auksin" title="Auksin"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">auksin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sitokinin&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sitokinin (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sitokinin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, akan memicu terbentuknya sel-sel meristem yang membentuk semacam jaringan tidak terdiferensiasi yang disebut </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalus" title="Kalus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kalus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan permanen</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan permanen dikategorikan menjadi tiga kelompok utama: </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epidermis&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Epidermis (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">epidermis</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (jaringan pelindung, terdiri dari sel-sel yang menyusun lapisan luar </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daun" title="Daun"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">daun</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan bagian-bagian tumbuhan yang masih muda), </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_pengangkut" title="Jaringan pengangkut"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jaringan pengangkut</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (menyusun </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xilem" title="Xilem"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">xilem</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floem" title="Floem"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">floem</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_dasar" title="Jaringan dasar"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jaringan dasar</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (mencakup parenkim, klorenkim, kolenkim, dan sklerenkim).</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Epidermis melindungi bagian dalam organ sehingga tidak bersentuhan langsung dengan pengaruh keadaan di luar organ. Epidermis dapat dilindungi oleh lapisan tipis di bagian luar yang dikenal sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutikula" title="Kutikula"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kutikula</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Dapat juga ditemukan lapisan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malam_%28zat%29" title="Malam (zat)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">malam</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (<i>wax</i>). Sel-sel epidermis biasanya berbentuk segi empat apabila dilihat dari samping, berjajar homogen. Namun demikian, epidermis dapat mengalami perubahan menjadi sel-sel penutup atau sel penjaga </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stomata&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Stomata (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">stomata</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> beserta beberapa sel tetangga, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trikoma&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Trikoma (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">trikoma</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (miang atau rambut daun/batang), </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duri" title="Duri"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">duri</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, serta </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rambut_kelenjar&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Rambut kelenjar (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">rambut kelenjar</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan pengangkut dimiliki oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan_berpembuluh&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tumbuhan berpembuluh (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tumbuhan berpembuluh</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (Tracheophyta). </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnospermae" title="Gymnospermae"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Gymnospermae</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> memiliki jaringan trakeida, serabut trakeida, dan parenkim kayu sebagai penyusun xilem. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiospermae" title="Angiospermae"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Angiospermae</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> memiliki tambahan jaringan trakea selain jaringan yang dimiliki Gymnospermae. Floem (pembuluh tapis) tersusun dari jaringan buluh tapis dan sel-sel pengiring.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan dasar menyusun sebagian besar tubuh tumbuhan (biomassa). Kelompok jaringan ini memiliki banyak fungsi tergantung tempat ia berada. Seringkali ia mengisi bagian terbesar dari suatu organ, menyusun daging buah, kulit batang, isi umbi atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimpang" title="Rimpang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">rimpang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang menyimpan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pati" title="Pati"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">pati</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau metabolit sekunder tertentu (seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">alkaloid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpenoid" title="Terpenoid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">terpenoid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">). Jaringan ini juga dapat mengalami kematian dengan mengosongkan isi sel-selnya untuk membentuk struktur berongga (aerenkim) seperti ruang dalam gelembung pada tangkai daun </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eceng_gondok" title="Eceng gondok"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">eceng gondok</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau rongga dalam buluh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bambu" title="Bambu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bambu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem organ</span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Sistem Organ</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> merupakan bentuk kerjasama antar organ untuk melakukan fungsi - fungsi yang lebih kompleks lagi sehingga proses yang berlangsung di dalam tubuh suatu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dapat berjalan dengan baik sesuai aktivitas hidup </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang bersangkutan. Dalam melaksanakan kerja sama ini, setiap organ tidak bekerja sendiri-sendiri, melainkan organ - organ saling bergantung dan saling memengaruhi satu sama lainnya. Contoh sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ" title="Organ"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">organ</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pada hewan dan manusia antara lain sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pernapasan" title="Pernapasan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pernapasan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencernaan" title="Pencernaan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pencernaan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerak" title="Gerak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">gerak</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproduksi" title="Reproduksi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">reproduksi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peredaran_darah&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Peredaran darah (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">peredaran darah</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraf" title="Saraf"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">saraf</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekskresi" title="Ekskresi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ekskresi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Individu</span></h1><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Individu</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> merupakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit" title="Unit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">unit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> terkecil pembentuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masyarakat" title="Masyarakat"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">masyarakat</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu_sosial" title="Ilmu sosial"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ilmu sosial</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, individu berarti juga bagian terkecil dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelompok" title="Kelompok"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kelompok</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> masyarakat yang tidak dapat dipisah lagi menjadi bagian yang lebih kecil.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Sebagai contoh, suatu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keluarga" title="Keluarga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">keluarga</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> terdiri dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayah" title="Ayah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ayah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibu" title="Ibu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ibu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anak" title="Anak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">anak</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Ayah merupakan individu dalam kelompok sosial tersebut, yang sudah tidak dapat dibagi lagi ke dalam satuan yang lebih kecil. </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada dasarnya, setiap individu memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ciri&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ciri (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ciri</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-ciri yang berbeda.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[2]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Individu yang saling bergabung akan membentuk kelompok atau masyarakat.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[2]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Individu tersebut akan memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karakteristik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Karakteristik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">karakteristik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang sama dengan kelompok dimana dirinya bergabung.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Populasi</span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Populasi adalah kumpulan individu sejenis yang berada pada wilayah tertentu dan pada waktu yang tertentu pula.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
Kata <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">populasi</span> (dari bahasa Inggris: Population) dipakai untuk hal-hal berikut:</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam bidang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografi" title="Geografi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">geografi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> / </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demografi" title="Demografi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">demografi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, sebagai sinonim bagi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penduduk" title="Penduduk"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">penduduk</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam bidang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">biologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populasi_%28biologi%29" title="Populasi (biologi)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">populasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah sekumpulan individu dengan ciri-ciri sama (satu spesies yang sama) yang hidup dalam tempat dan waktu yang sama.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam bidang statistika, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populasi_%28statistika%29" title="Populasi (statistika)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">populasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah sekumpulan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data" title="Data"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">data</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang menjadi objek </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistika_inferensia" title="Statistika inferensia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">inferensi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span></li>
</ul><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Komunitas</span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Komunitas</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah sebuah kelompok </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosial" title="Sosial"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sosial</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dari beberapa </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang berbagi lingkungan, umumnya memiliki ketertarikan dan habitat yang sama. Dalam komunitas </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">manusia</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, individu-individu di dalamnya dapat memiliki maksud, kepercayaan, sumber daya, preferensi, kebutuhan, risiko dan sejumlah kondisi lain yang serupa. Komunitas berasal dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">bahasa Latin</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <i>communitas</i> yang berarti "kesamaan", kemudian dapat diturunkan dari <i>communis</i> yang berarti "sama, publik, dibagi oleh semua atau banyak".</span></div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem</span></h1><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Ekosistem</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah suatu sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ekologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang terbentuk oleh hubungan timbal balik tak terpisahkan antara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhluk_hidup" title="Makhluk hidup"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">makhluk hidup</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dengan lingkungannya.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Ekosistem bisa dikatakan juga suatu tatanan kesatuan secara utuh dan menyeluruh antara segenap unsur lingkungan hidup yang saling memengaruhi.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem merupakan penggabungan dari setiap unit </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biosistem&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Biosistem (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biosistem</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang melibatkan interaksi timbal balik antara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan lingkungan fisik sehingga aliran energi menuju kepada suatu struktur </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotik" title="Biotik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biotik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tertentu dan terjadi suatu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siklus_materi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Siklus materi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">siklus materi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> antara organisme dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anorganisme&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Anorganisme (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">anorganisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Matahari sebagai sumber dari semua energi yang ada. </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam ekosistem, organisme dalam komunitas berkembang bersama-sama dengan lingkungan fisik sebagai suatu sistem.</span> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Organisme akan beradaptasi dengan lingkungan fisik, sebaliknya organisme juga memengaruhi lingkungan fisik untuk keperluan hidup. Pengertian ini didasarkan pada Hipotesis Gaia, yaitu: "organisme, khususnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroorganisme" title="Mikroorganisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">mikroorganisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, bersama-sama dengan lingkungan fisik menghasilkan suatu sistem kontrol yang menjaga keadaan di bumi cocok untuk kehidupan". Hal ini mengarah pada kenyataan bahwa kandungan kimia </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfer" title="Atmosfer"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">atmosfer</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bumi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sangat terkendali dan sangat berbeda dengan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet" title="Planet"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">planet</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> lain dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_surya" title="Tata surya"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tata surya</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kehadiran, kelimpahan dan penyebaran suatu spesies dalam ekosistem ditentukan oleh tingkat ketersediaan sumber daya serta kondisi faktor kimiawi dan fisis yang harus berada dalam kisaran yang dapat ditoleransi oleh spesies tersebut, inilah yang disebut dengan hukum toleransi.</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Misalnya: Panda memiliki toleransi yang luas terhadap suhu, namun memiliki toleransi yang sempit terhadap makanannya, yaitu bambu. Dengan demikian, panda dapat hidup di ekosistem dengan kondisi apapun asalkan dalam ekosistem tersebut terdapat bambu sebagai sumber makanannya. Berbeda dengan makhluk hidup yang lain, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">manusia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dapat memperlebar kisaran toleransinya karena kemampuannya untuk berpikir, mengembangkan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknologi" title="Teknologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">teknologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan memanipulasi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alam" title="Alam"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">alam</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Wild_zebra_on_Kenya_countryside.jpg&filetimestamp=20050729174924"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="228" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.gif" width="308" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ekosistem padang rumput adalah contoh ekosistem terestrial</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Komponen pembentuk</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Komponen-komponen pembentuk ekosistem adalah:</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Abiotik</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Abiotik atau komponen tak hidup adalah komponen </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisik" title="Fisik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fisik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kimia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang merupakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium" title="Medium"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">medium</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substrat" title="Substrat"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">substrat</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tempat berlangsungnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kehidupan" title="Kehidupan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kehidupan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingkungan" title="Lingkungan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">lingkungan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tempat hidup.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[4]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Sebagian besar komponen abiotik bervariasi dalam ruang dan waktunya.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[2]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Komponen abiotik dapat berupa bahan organik, senyawa anorganik, dan faktor yang memengaruhi distribusi organisme, yaitu</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[2]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhu" title="Suhu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Suhu</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Proses biologi dipengaruhi suhu. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mamalia</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unggas" title="Unggas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">unggas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> membutuhkan energi untuk meregulasi temperatur dalam tubuhnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air" title="Air"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Air</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Ketersediaan air memengaruhi distribusi organisme. Organisme di gurun beradaptasi terhadap ketersediaan air di gurun.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garam" title="Garam"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Garam</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Konsentrasi garam memengaruhi kesetimbangan air dalam organisme melalui </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosis" title="Osmosis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">osmosis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Beberapa organisme </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terestrial" title="Terestrial"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">terestrial</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> beradaptasi dengan lingkungan dengan kandungan garam tinggi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahaya_matahari" title="Cahaya matahari"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cahaya matahari</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Intensitas dan kualitas cahaya memengaruhi proses </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotosintesis" title="Fotosintesis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">fotosintesis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Air dapat menyerap cahaya sehingga pada lingkungan air, fotosintesis terjadi di sekitar permukaan yang terjangkau cahaya matahari. Di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurun" title="Gurun"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">gurun</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, intensitas cahaya yang besar membuat peningkatan suhu sehingga </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">tumbuhan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tertekan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah" title="Tanah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tanah</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu" title="Batu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">batu</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Beberapa karakteristik tanah yang meliputi struktur fisik, pH, dan komposisi mineral membatasi penyebaran organisme berdasarkan pada kandungan sumber makanannya di tanah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iklim" title="Iklim"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Iklim</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Iklim adalah kondisi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuaca" title="Cuaca"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">cuaca</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dalam jangka waktu lama dalam suatu area. Iklim makro meliputi iklim </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Global (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">global</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional" title="Regional"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">regional</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lokal&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Lokal (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">lokal</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Iklim mikro meliputi iklim dalam suatu daerah yang dihuni </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunitas" title="Komunitas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">komunitas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tertentu.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biotik</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biotik adalah istilah yang biasanya digunakan untuk menyebut sesuatu yang hidup (organisme). Komponen biotik adalah suatu komponen yang menyusun suatu ekosistem selain komponen abiotik (tidak bernyawa). Berdasarkan peran dan fungsinya, makhluk hidup dibedakan menjadi tiga macam, yaitu:</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Heterotrof / Konsumen</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Komponen heterotrof terdiri dari organisme yang memanfaatkan bahan-bahan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Organik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang disediakan oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> lain sebagai makanannya . Komponen heterotrof disebut juga konsumen makro (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fagotrof&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Fagotrof (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fagotrof</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) karena makanan yang dimakan berukuran lebih kecil. Yang tergolong heterotrof adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">manusia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamur" title="Jamur"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jamur</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroba" title="Mikroba"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">mikroba</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengurai / dekomposer</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengurai atau dekomposer adalah organisme yang menguraikan bahan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Organik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang berasal dari organisme mati. Pengurai disebut juga konsumen makro (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sapotrof&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sapotrof (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sapotrof</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) karena makanan yang dimakan berukuran lebih besar. Organisme pengurai menyerap sebagian hasil penguraian tersebut dan melepaskan bahan-bahan yang sederhana yang dapat digunakan kembali oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produsen" title="Produsen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">produsen</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Yang tergolong pengurai adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteri" title="Bakteri"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bakteri</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamur" title="Jamur"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jamur</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Ada pula pengurai yang disebut </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detritivor" title="Detritivor"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">detritivor</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yaitu hewan pengurai yang memakan sisa-sisa bahan organik, contohnya adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kutu_kayu&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kutu kayu (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kutu kayu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Tipe dekomposisi ada tiga, yaitu</span> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobik" title="Aerobik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">aerobik</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : oksigen adalah penerima elektron / </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oksidan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Oksidan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">oksidan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobik" title="Anaerobik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">anaerobik</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : oksigen tidak terlibat. Bahan organik sebagai penerima elektron /oksidan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentasi" title="Fermentasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">fermentasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : anaerobik namun bahan organik yang teroksidasi juga sebagai penerima </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">elektron</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. komponen tersebut berada pada suatu tempat dan berinteraksi membentuk suatu kesatuan ekosistem yang teratur. Misalnya, pada suatu ekosistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akuarium" title="Akuarium"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">akuarium</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, ekosistem ini terdiri dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikan" title="Ikan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ikan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sebagai komponen heterotrof, tumbuhan air sebagai komponen autotrof, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plankton" title="Plankton"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">plankton</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang terapung di air sebagai komponen pengurai, sedangkan yang termasuk komponen </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abiotik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Abiotik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">abiotik</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air" title="Air"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">air</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasir" title="Pasir"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pasir</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu" title="Batu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">batu</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mineral</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">oksigen</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang terlarut dalam air. </span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketergantungan</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:FoodChain.svg&filetimestamp=20090330204623"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="298" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.gif" width="218" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rantai makanan</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketergantungan pada ekosistem dapat terjadi antar komponen biotik atau antara komponen biotik dan abiotik.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Antar komponen biotik</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketergantungan antar komponen biotik dapat terjadi melalui:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Rantai makanan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yaitu perpindahan materi dan energi melalui proses makan dan dimakan dengan urutan tertentu. Tiap tingkat dari rantai makanan disebut </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tingkat_trofi" title="Tingkat trofi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">tingkat trofi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau taraf trofi. Karena organisme pertama yang mampu menghasilkan zat makanan adalah tumbuhan maka tingkat trofi pertama selalu diduduki tumbuhan hijau sebagai produsen. Tingkat selanjutnya adalah tingkat trofi kedua, terdiri atas hewan pemakan tumbuhan yang biasa disebut </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsumen" title="Konsumen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">konsumen</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> primer. Hewan pemakan konsumen primer merupakan tingkat trofi ketiga, terdiri atas hewan-hewan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnivora" title="Karnivora"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">karnivora</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Setiap pertukaran energi dari satu tingkat trofi ke tingkat trofi lainnya, sebagian energi akan hilang. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Jaring- jaring makanan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yaitu rantai-rantai makanan yang saling berhubungan satu sama lain sedemikian rupa sehingga membentuk seperi jaring-jaring. Jaring-jaring makanan terjadi karena setiap jenis makhluk hidup tidak hanya memakan satu jenis makhluk hidup lainnya.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Antar komponen biotik dan abiotik</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketergantungan antara komponen biotik dan abiotik dapat terjadi melalui siklus materi, seperti</span> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">siklus </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">karbon</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">siklus air</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">siklus </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">nitrogen</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">siklus </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sulfur</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Siklus ini berfungsi untuk mencegah suatu bentuk materi menumpuk pada suatu tempat. Ulah manusia telah membuat suatu sistem yang awalnya siklik menjadi nonsiklik, manusia cenderung mengganggu keseimbangan lingkungan.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[2]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tipe-tipe Ekosistem</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara umum ada tiga tipe ekosistem, yaitu ekositem air, ekosisten darat, dan ekosistem buatan. </span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Akuatik (air)</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Upper_Lehman_Creek.jpg&filetimestamp=20080303162405"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="161" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.gif" width="238" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem sungai</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_air_tawar&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem air tawar (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem air tawar</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ciri-ciri ekosistem air tawar antara lain variasi suhu tidak menyolok, penetrasi cahaya kurang, dan terpengaruh oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iklim" title="Iklim"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">iklim</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuaca" title="Cuaca"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">cuaca</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Macam tumbuhan yang terbanyak adalah jenis </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganggang" title="Ganggang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ganggang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sedangkan lainnya tumbuhan biji. Hampir semua filum hewan terdapat dalam air tawar. Organisme yang hidup di air tawar pada umumnya telah beradaptasi. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_air_laut&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem air laut (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem air laut</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Habitat laut (oseanik) ditandai oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinitas" title="Salinitas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">salinitas</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (kadar garam) yang tinggi dengan ion CI<sup>-</sup> mencapai 55% terutama di daerah laut tropik, karena suhunya tinggi dan penguapan besar. Di daerah tropik, suhu laut sekitar 25 °C. Perbedaan suhu bagian atas dan bawah tinggi, sehingga terdapat batas antara lapisan air yang panas di bagian atas dengan air yang dingin di bagian bawah yang disebut daerah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Termoklin&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Termoklin (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">termoklin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_estuari&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem estuari (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem estuari</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Estuari (muara) merupakan tempat bersatunya sungai dengan laut. Estuari sering dipagari oleh lempengan lumpur </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intertidal&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Intertidal (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">intertidal</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang luas atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawa" title="Rawa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">rawa</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> garam. Ekosistem estuari memiliki produktivitas yang tinggi dan kaya akan nutrisi. Komunitas tumbuhan yang hidup di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Estuari&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Estuari (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">estuari</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> antara lain rumput rawa garam, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganggang" title="Ganggang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ganggang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitoplankton" title="Fitoplankton"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fitoplankton</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Komunitas hewannya antara lain berbagai cacing, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerang" title="Kerang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kerang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepiting" title="Kepiting"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kepiting</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikan" title="Ikan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ikan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_pantai&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem pantai (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem pantai</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dinamakan demikian karena yang paling banyak tumbuh di gundukan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasir" title="Pasir"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">pasir</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah tumbuhan <i>Ipomoea pes caprae</i> yang tahan terhadap hempasan gelombang dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angin" title="Angin"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">angin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Tumbuhan yang hidup di ekosistem ini menjalar dan berdaun tebal. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_sungai&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem sungai (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem sungai</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai" title="Sungai"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sungai</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah suatu badan air yang mengalir ke satu arah. Air sungai dingin dan jernih serta mengandung sedikit </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sedimen&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sedimen (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sedimen</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan makanan. Aliran air dan gelombang secara konstan memberikan oksigen pada air. Suhu air bervariasi sesuai dengan ketinggian dan garis </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lintang" title="Lintang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">lintang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Ekosistem sungai dihuni oleh hewan seperti ikan kucing, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gurame&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gurame (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">gurame</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kura-kura" title="Kura-kura"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kura-kura</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, ular, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buaya" title="Buaya"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">buaya</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumba-lumba" title="Lumba-lumba"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">lumba-lumba</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosistem_terumbu_karang" title="Ekosistem terumbu karang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem terumbu karang</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem ini terdiri dari coral yang berada dekat pantai. Efisiensi ekosistem ini sangat tinggi. Hewan-hewan yang hidup di karang memakan organisme mikroskopis dan sisa organik lain. Berbagai invertebrata, mikro organisme, dan ikan, hidup di antara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karang" title="Karang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">karang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan ganggang. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbivora" title="Herbivora"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Herbivora</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> seperti siput, landak laut, ikan, menjadi mangsa bagi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurita" title="Gurita"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">gurita</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bintang_laut" title="Bintang laut"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bintang laut</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan ikan karnivora. Kehadiran terumbu karang di dekat pantai membuat pantai memiliki pasir putih. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo23; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_laut_dalam&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem laut dalam (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem laut dalam</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kedalamannya lebih dari 6.000 m. Biasanya terdapat lele laut dan ikan laut yang dapat mengeluarkan cahaya. Sebagai produsen terdapat bakteri yang bersimbiosis dengan karang tertentu. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_lamun&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem lamun (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem lamun</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lamun atau <i>seagrass</i> adalah satu‑satunya kelompok tumbuh-tumbuhan berbunga yang hidup di lingkungan laut. Tumbuh‑tumbuhan ini hidup di habitat perairan pantai yang dangkal. Seperti halnya rumput di darat, mereka mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunas" title="Tunas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tunas</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> berdaun yang tegak dan tangkai‑tangkai yang merayap yang efektif untuk berbiak. Berbeda dengan tumbuh‑tumbuhan laut lainnya (alga dan rumput laut), lamun berbunga, berbuah dan menghasilkan biji. Mereka juga mempunyai akar dan sistem internal untuk mengangkut gas dan zat‑zat hara. Sebagai sumber daya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayati" title="Hayati"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hayati</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, lamun banyak dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai keperluan. </span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Terestrial (darat)</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Daintree_Rainforest.JPG&filetimestamp=20070616115732"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="225" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image014.gif" width="198" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem hutan hujan tropis memiliki produktivitas tinggi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Gasp%C3%A9_taiga.jpg&filetimestamp=20091217191418"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="150" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image016.gif" width="198" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem taiga merupakan hutan pinus dengan ciri iklim musim dingin yang panjang.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Greenland-sydkap_hg.jpg&filetimestamp=20071216202101"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="149" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image018.gif" width="198" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem tundra didominasi oleh vegetasi perdu.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penentuan zona dalam ekosistem terestrial ditentukan oleh temperatur dan curah hujan. Ekosistem terestrial dapat dikontrol oleh iklim dan gangguan. Iklim sangat penting untuk menentukan mengapa suatu ekosistem terestrial berada pada suatu tempat tertentu. Pola ekosistem dapat berubah akibat gangguan seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petir" title="Petir"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">petir</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, kebakaran, atau aktivitas manusia. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan_hujan_tropis" title="Hutan hujan tropis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hutan hujan tropis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hutan hujan tropis terdapat di daerah tropik dan subtropik. Ciri-cirinya adalah curah hujan 200-225 cm per tahun. Spesies pepohonan relatif banyak, jenisnya berbeda antara satu dengan yang lainnya tergantung </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Letak_geografis&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Letak geografis (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">letak geografisnya</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Tinggi pohon utama antara 20-40 m, cabang-cabang pohon tinggi dan berdaun lebat hingga membentuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tudung&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tudung (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tudung</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kanopi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kanopi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kanopi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">). Dalam hutan basah terjadi perubahan iklim mikro, yaitu iklim yang langsung terdapat di sekitar organisme. Daerah tudung cukup mendapat sinar matahari, variasi suhu dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelembapan" title="Kelembapan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kelembapan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tinggi, suhu sepanjang hari sekitar 25 °C. Dalam hutan hujan tropis sering terdapat tumbuhan khas, yaitu liana (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotan" title="Rotan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">rotan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anggrek" title="Anggrek"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">anggrek</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epifit" title="Epifit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">epifit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Hewannya antara lain, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kera" title="Kera"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kera</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burung" title="Burung"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">burung</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badak" title="Badak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">badak</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babi_hutan" title="Babi hutan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">babi hutan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harimau" title="Harimau"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">harimau</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burung_hantu" title="Burung hantu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">burung hantu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo26; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabana" title="Sabana"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sabana</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sabana dari daerah tropik terdapat di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilayah" title="Wilayah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">wilayah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dengan curah hujan 40 – 60 inci per tahun, tetapi temepratur dan kelembaban masih tergantung musim. Sabana yang terluas di dunia terdapat di Afrika; namun di Australia juga terdapat sabana yang luas. Hewan yang hidup di sabana antara lain </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serangga" title="Serangga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">serangga</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">mamalia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebra" title="Zebra"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">zebra</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singa" title="Singa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">singa</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyena" title="Hyena"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hyena</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo27; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padang_rumput" title="Padang rumput"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Padang rumput</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Padang rumput terdapat di daerah yang terbentang dari daerah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tropik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tropik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> ke </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subtropik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Subtropik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">subtropik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Ciri-ciri padang rumput adalah curah hujan kurang lebih 25-30 cm per tahun, hujan turun tidak teratur, porositas (peresapan air) tinggi, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainase" title="Drainase"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">drainase</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (aliran air) cepat. Tumbuhan yang ada terdiri atas tumbuhan terna (herbs) dan rumput yang keduanya tergantung pada kelembapan. Hewannya antara lain: bison, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebra" title="Zebra"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">zebra</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singa" title="Singa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">singa</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, anjing liar, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serigala" title="Serigala"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">serigala</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajah" title="Gajah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">gajah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerapah" title="Jerapah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jerapah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, kangguru, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serangga" title="Serangga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">serangga</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikus" title="Tikus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tikus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ular" title="Ular"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ular</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo28; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurun" title="Gurun"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gurun</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gurun terdapat di daerah tropik yang berbatasan dengan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padang_rumput" title="Padang rumput"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">padang rumput</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Ciri-ciri ekosistem gurun adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gersang" title="Gersang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">gersang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curah_hujan" title="Curah hujan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">curah hujan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> rendah (25 cm/tahun). Perbedaan suhu antara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siang" title="Siang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">siang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malam" title="Malam"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">malam</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sangat besar. Tumbuhan semusim yang terdapat di gurun berukuran kecil. Selain itu, di gurun dijumpai pula tumbuhan menahun berdaun seperti duri contohnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaktus" title="Kaktus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kaktus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, atau tak berdaun dan memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akar" title="Akar"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">akar</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> panjang serta mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan" title="Jaringan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jaringan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> untuk menyimpan air. Hewan yang hidup di gurun antara lain rodentia, semut, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ular" title="Ular"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ular</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadal" title="Kadal"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kadal</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katak" title="Katak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">katak</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalajengking" title="Kalajengking"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kalajengking</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan beberapa hewan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokturnal" title="Nokturnal"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">nokturnal</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> lain. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo29; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan_gugur" title="Hutan gugur"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hutan gugur</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hutan gugur terdapat di daerah beriklim sedang yang memiliki emapt musim, ciri-cirinya adalah curah hujan merata sepanjang tahun. Jenis pohon sedikit (10 s/d 20) dan tidak terlalu rapat. Hewan yang terdapat di hutam gugur antara lain rusa, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beruang" title="Beruang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">beruang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, rubah, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajing" title="Bajing"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bajing</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burung_pelatuk" title="Burung pelatuk"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">burung pelatuk</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan rakun (sebangsa luwak). </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo30; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiga" title="Taiga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Taiga</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Taiga terdapat di belahan bumi sebelah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utara" title="Utara"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">utara</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan di pegunungan daerah tropik, ciri-cirinya adalah suhu di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musim_dingin" title="Musim dingin"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">musim dingin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> rendah. Biasanya taiga merupakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan" title="Hutan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hutan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang tersusun atas satu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spesies" title="Spesies"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">spesies</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konifer" title="Konifer"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">konifer</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinus" title="Pinus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">pinus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan sejenisnya. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semak" title="Semak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Semak</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan tumbuhan basah sedikit sekali, sedangkan hewannya antara lain moose, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beruang" title="Beruang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">beruang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> hitam, ajag, dan burung-burung yang bermigrasi ke </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selatan" title="Selatan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">selatan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musim_gugur" title="Musim gugur"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">musim gugur</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo31; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tundra</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tundra terdapat di belahan bumi sebelah utara di dalam lingkaran </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutub_utara" title="Kutub utara"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kutub utara</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan terdapat di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puncak" title="Puncak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">puncak</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-puncak gunung tinggi. Pertumbuhan tanaman di daerah ini hanya 60 hari. Contoh tumbuhan yang dominan adalah sphagnum, liken, tumbuhan biji semusim, tumbuhan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdu" title="Perdu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">perdu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumput" title="Rumput"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">rumput</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> alang-alang. Pada umumnya, tumbuhannya mampu beradaptasi dengan keadaan yang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dingin&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Dingin (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">dingin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo32; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Karst (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batu_gamping&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Batu gamping (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">batu gamping</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> /gua).</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Karst berawal dari nama kawasan batu gamping di wilayah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Yugoslavia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Kawasan karst di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Indonesia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> rata-rata mempunyai ciri-ciri yang hampir sama yaitu, tanahnya kurang subur untuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertanian" title="Pertanian"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">pertanian</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sensitif terhadap </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosi" title="Erosi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">erosi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, mudah longsor, bersifat rentan dengan pori-pori </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aerasi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Aerasi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">aerasi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang rendah, gaya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Permeabilitas&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Permeabilitas (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">permeabilitas</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang lamban dan didominasi oleh pori-pori mikro. Ekosistem karst mengalami keunikan tersendiri, dengan keragaman aspek biotis yang tidak dijumpai di ekosistem lain. </span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Buatan</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Bali_riziere.jpg&filetimestamp=20081026101601"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="149" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.gif" width="228" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sawah merupakan salah satu contoh ekosistem buatan</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem buatan adalah ekosistem yang diciptakan manusia untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya. Ekosistem buatan mendapatkan subsidi energi dari luar, tanaman atau hewan peliharaan didominasi pengaruh manusia, dan memiliki keanekaragaman rendah. Contoh ekosistem buatan adalah:</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendungan" title="Bendungan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">bendungan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">hutan tanaman </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produksi" title="Produksi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">produksi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jati" title="Jati"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">jati</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinus" title="Pinus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pinus</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agroekosistem&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Agroekosistem (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">agroekosistem</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> berupa sawah tadah hujan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawah" title="Sawah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sawah</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> irigasi</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">perkebunan sawit</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ekosistem pemukiman seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota" title="Kota"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kota</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desa" title="Desa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">desa</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ekosistem ruang angkasa. </span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem kota memiliki metabolisme tinggi sehingga butuh energi yang banyak. Kebutuhan materi juga tinggi dan tergantung dari luar, serta memiliki pengeluaran yang eksesif seperti polusi dan panas. </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem ruang angkasa bukan merupakan suatu sistem tertutup yang dapat memenuhi sendiri kebutuhannya tanpa tergantung input dari luar. Semua ekosistem dan kehidupan selalu bergantung pada bumi. </span></div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bioma</span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah sekelompok </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">tumbuhan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang tinggal di suatu lokasi geografis tertentu. Bioma terbagi menjadi beberapa jenis, ditentukan oleh curah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hujan" title="Hujan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hujan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan intensitas </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahaya" title="Cahaya"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">cahaya</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matahari" title="Matahari"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">mataharinya</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berikut ini adalah pembagian bioma:</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">tundra</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiga" title="Taiga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">taiga</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">/hutan konifer</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padang_gurun" title="Padang gurun"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">padang gurun</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padang_rumput" title="Padang rumput"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">padang rumput</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan_gugur" title="Hutan gugur"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hutan gugur</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, dan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan_hujan_tropis" title="Hutan hujan tropis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hutan hujan tropis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BELAJARLAH</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> YANG </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">RAJIN</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> UNTUK </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">MENGGAPAI</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> CITA-CITAMU. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SMART</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> EDUCATION </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SELALU</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> MENDUKUNG </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PRESTASI</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> ANAK </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BANGSA.</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Apabila ada tambahan, saran dan kritik, tolong tambahkan pada kolom komentar di bawah ini. Terima Kasih.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div>Les privathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00989767684801832891noreply@blogger.com0Indonesia-0.789275 113.92132700000002-9.451925 90.767627000000019 7.8733749999999993 137.07502700000003tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5255298841592842633.post-21161791323992186932011-08-10T23:26:00.001-07:002011-08-10T23:26:43.552-07:00ILMU BERDASARKAN KELOMPOK ORGANISME<!--[if !mso]> <style>
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mso-tstyle-border-insideh:cell-none;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent2;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
line-height:normal;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2LastRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:last-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:2.25pt double #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-insideh:cell-none;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent2;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
line-height:normal;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2FirstCol
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:first-column;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2LastCol
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:last-column;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent2;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2OddColumn
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:odd-column;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-shading:#EFD3D2;
mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-shading-themetint:63;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent2;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2OddRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:odd-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-shading:#EFD3D2;
mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-shading-themetint:63;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent2;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent2EvenRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 2";
mso-table-condition:even-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent2;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #C0504D;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent2;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:1;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:1;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
border:solid #9BBB59 1.0pt;
mso-border-themecolor:accent3;
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-border-insideh:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-border-insideh-themecolor:accent3;
mso-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-border-insidev-themecolor:accent3;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3FirstRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:first-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:2.25pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-insideh:cell-none;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent3;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
line-height:normal;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3LastRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:last-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:2.25pt double #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-insideh:cell-none;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent3;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
line-height:normal;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3FirstCol
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:first-column;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3LastCol
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:last-column;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent3;
font-family:"Cooper Black","serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
mso-ansi-font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3OddColumn
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:odd-column;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-shading:#E6EED5;
mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-shading-themetint:63;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent3;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3OddRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:odd-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-shading:#E6EED5;
mso-tstyle-shading-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-shading-themetint:63;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent3;}
table.MsoTableLightGridAccent3EvenRow
{mso-style-name:"Light Grid - Accent 3";
mso-table-condition:even-row;
mso-style-priority:62;
mso-style-unhide:no;
mso-tstyle-border-top:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-top-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-left:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-left-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-bottom-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-right:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-right-themecolor:accent3;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev:1.0pt solid #9BBB59;
mso-tstyle-border-insidev-themecolor:accent3;}
</style> <![endif]--> <br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMART</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">EDUCATION</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KHUSUS MENGAJAR LES PRIVAT TINGKATAN </span></u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SD </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMP </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN (KHUSUS) :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 22.5pt; width: 499px;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 1.5in; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="height: 1.5in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.95in;" valign="top" width="187"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">IPA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">IPS</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">AKUNTANSI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATEMATIKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BIOLOGI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KIMIA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">FISIKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">EKONOMI </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> <td style="height: 1.5in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.25in;" valign="top" width="312"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">GEOGRAFI </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SEJARAH</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">11.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SOSIOLOGI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">12.BAHASA INDONESIA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">13.BAHASA INGGRIS </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">14.BAHASA JEPANG </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">15.BAHASA JERMAN</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">16.BAHASA JAWA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">17. KOMPUTER </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NON EDUCATION :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MUSIK → GITAR, DRUM, PIANO, ORGEN, KEYBOARD DLL</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SENI → SENI RUPA, SENI TARI, DRAMA DLL</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CATUR</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">UNTUK INFORMASI DAN PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">HUBUNGI </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">089676659020</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TENAGA PENGAJAR DI AMBIL DARI MAHASISWA TERPILIH DAN TERBAIK DARI PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI SURABAYA. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BIAYA :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : 5000</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
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</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN IPA MENCAKUP MATEMATIKA, BIOLOGI, KIMIA, FISIKA :</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN IPS MENCAKUP AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI, GEOGRAFI, SOSIOLOGI, SEJARAH : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MENCAKUP BAHASA INGGRIS, BAHASA INDONESIA, BAHASA JERMAN, BAHASA JEPANG, BAHASA JAWA : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SD (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN<b>)</b></span><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMP (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : <span style="color: blue;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMA (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : 60.000</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: blue;">/ PERTEMUAN / TATAP<b> </b>MUKA</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MUSIK : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SENI : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CATUR : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">35.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NB : Biaya sewaktu-waktu bisa naik atau turun setelah di negosiasikan tergantung lokasi rumah siswa. MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA – SIDOARJO</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SEKILAS ARTIKEL TENTANG BIOLOGI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(DIPOSKAN OLEH LBB SMART EDUCATION : LES PRIVAT KOTA SURABAYA DAN SIDOARJO</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Biologi</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Biologi</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ilmu hayat</span> adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu" title="Ilmu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ilmu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang mempelajari aspek fisik </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kehidupan" title="Kehidupan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kehidupan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Istilah "biologi" dipinjam dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Belanda" title="Bahasa Belanda"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bahasa Belanda</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, <i>biologie</i>, yang juga diturunkan dari gabungan kata </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Yunani" title="Bahasa Yunani"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bahasa Yunani</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, βίος, <i>bios</i> ("hidup") dan λόγος,<i>logos</i> ("lambang", "ilmu"). Istilah "ilmu hayat" dipinjam dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bahasa Arab</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, juga berarti "ilmu kehidupan". Obyek kajian </span><strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pada masa kini sangat luas dan mencakup semua </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhluk_hidup" title="Makhluk hidup"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">makhluk hidup</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dalam berbagai aspek kehidupannya.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berbagai cabang biologi mengkhususkan diri pada setiap kelompok </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botani" title="Botani"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">botani</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu tentang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tumbuhan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoologi" title="Zoologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">zoologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu tentang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrobiologi" title="Mikrobiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">mikrobiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu tentang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasad_renik" title="Jasad renik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jasad renik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">). Perbedaan-perbedaan dan pengelompokan berdasarkan ciri-ciri fisik kelompok organisme dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistematika" title="Sistematika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sistematika</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yang di dalamnya mencakup pula </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taksonomi" title="Taksonomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">taksonomi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paleobiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Paleobiologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">paleobiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Berbagai aspek kehidupan dikaji pula dalam biologi. Ciri-ciri fisik bagian tubuh dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomi" title="Anatomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">anatomi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfologi" title="Morfologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">morfologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sementara fungsinya dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fisiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Perilaku hewan dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etologi" title="Etologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">etologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Perkembangan ciri fisik makhluk hidup dalam kurun waktu panjang dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">evolusi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sedangkan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan dalam siklus kehidupan dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_perkembangan" title="Biologi perkembangan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi perkembangan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Interaksi antarsesama makhluk dan dengan alam sekitar mereka dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ekologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">; Mekanisme pewarisan sifat—yang berguna dalam upaya menjaga kelangsungan hidup suatu jenis makhluk hidup—dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">genetika</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Saat ini bahkan berkembang aspek biologi yang mengkaji kemungkinan berevolusinya makhluk hidup pada masa yang akan datang, juga kemungkinan adanya makhluk hidup di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet" title="Planet"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">planet</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-planet selain </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bumi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yaitu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrobiologi" title="Astrobiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">astrobiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Sementara itu, perkembangan teknologi memungkinkan pengkajian pada tingkat molekul penyusun organisme melalui </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_molekular" title="Biologi molekular"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi molekular</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> serta </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biokimia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yang banyak didukung oleh perkembangan teknik komputasi melalui bidang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatika" title="Bioinformatika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bioinformatika</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu biologi banyak berkembang pada abad ke-19, dengan ilmuwan menemukan bahwa organisme memiliki karakteristik pokok. Biologi kini merupakan subyek pelajaran sekolah dan universitas di seluruh dunia, dengan lebih dari jutaan makalah dibuat setiap tahun dalam susunan luas jurnal biologi dan kedokteran. </span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; margin-left: .05in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-cellspacing: 0in; mso-padding-alt: 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:EscherichiaColi_NIAID.jpg&filetimestamp=20050410214037" title=""Escherichia coli" "><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="Escherichia coli" border="0" height="76" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.jpg" width="90" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Tree_Fern.jpg&filetimestamp=20050626174418" title=""Pakis." "><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="Pakis." border="0" height="104" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" width="90" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Goliath_beetle.jpg&filetimestamp=20051004185109" title=""Kumbang tanduk" "><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="Kumbang tanduk" border="0" height="109" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.jpg" width="90" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Thompson%27s_Gazelle.jpeg&filetimestamp=20050602174531" title=""Rusa" "><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img alt="Rusa" border="0" height="75" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.jpg" width="90" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Biologi mempelajari ilmu mengenai kehidupan. Dari kiri atas, bakteri </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Escherichia coli</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">tumbuhan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan_paku" title="Tumbuhan paku"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">pakis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusa" title="Rusa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">rusa</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, serangga </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goliathus" title="Goliathus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">kumbang tanduk</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Asal mula biologi</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Aristoteles dan biologi</span></span><span style="color: #0070c0; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu biologi dirintis oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Aristoteles</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, ilmuwan berkebangsaan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunani" title="Yunani"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Yunani</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Dalam terminologi Aristoteles, "filosofi alam" adalah cabang filosofi yang meneliti fenomena alam, dan mencakupi bidang yang kini disebut sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisika" title="Fisika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fisika</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan ilmu pengetahuan alam lainnya.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Aristoteles melakukan penelitian sejarah alam di pulau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesbos" title="Lesbos"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Lesbos</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Hasil penelitiannya, termasuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_Hewan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sejarah Hewan (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sejarah Hewan</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Generasi_Hewan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Generasi Hewan (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Generasi Hewan</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bagian_Hewan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Bagian Hewan (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Bagian Hewan</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, berisi beberapa observasi dan interpretasi, dan juga terdapat mitos dan kesalahan. Bagian yang penting adalah mengenai kehidupan laut. Ia memisahkan mamalia laut dari ikan, dan mengetahui bahwa hiu dan pari adalah bagian dari grup yang ia sebut Selachē (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Selachians&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Selachians (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">selachians</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">). </span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Didirikannya biologi modern</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Istilah biologi dalam pengertian modern kelihatannya diperkenalkan secara terpisah oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_Reinhold_Treviranus&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Gottfried Reinhold Treviranus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biologie_oder_Philosophie_der_lebenden_Natur&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Biologie oder Philosophie der lebenden Natur (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Biologie oder Philosophie der lebenden Natur</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1802" title="1802"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">1802</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lamarck" title="Jean-Baptiste Lamarck"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Jean-Baptiste Lamarck</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydrog%C3%A9ologie&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Hydrogéologie (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Hydrogéologie</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, 1802). Namun, istilah biologi sebenarnya telah dipakai pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1800" title="1800"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">1800</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl_Friedrich_Burdach&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Karl Friedrich Burdach (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Karl Friedrich Burdach</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Bahkan, sebelumnya, istilah itu juga telah muncul dalam judul buku </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Christoph_Hanov&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Michael Christoph Hanov (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Michael Christoph Hanov</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> jilid ke-3 yang terbit pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1766" title="1766"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">1766</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yaitu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philosophiae_Naturalis_Sive_Physicae_Dogmaticae:_Geologia,_Biologia,_Phytologia_Generais_et_Dendrologia&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Philosophiae Naturalis Sive Physicae Dogmaticae: Geologia, Biologia, Phytologia Generais et Dendrologia (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Philosophiae Naturalis Sive Physicae Dogmaticae: Geologia, Biologia, Phytologia Generais et Dendrologia</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; tab-stops: 323.25pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cakupan</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></h2><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada masa kini, biologi mencakup bidang akademik yang sangat luas, bersentuhan dengan bidang-bidang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sains" title="Sains"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sains</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang lain, dan sering kali dipandang sebagai ilmu yang mandiri. Namun, pencabangan biologi selalu mengikuti tiga dimensi yang saling tegak lurus: <i>keanekaragaman</i> (berdasarkan kelompok organisme), <i>organisasi kehidupan</i> (taraf kajian dari sistem kehidupan), dan <i>interaksi</i> (hubungan antarunit kehidupan serta antara unit kehidupan dengan lingkungannya).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Daftar ilmu-ilmu hayati</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ilmu-ilmu hayati</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (<i>biosciences</i>) mencakup semua disiplin </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu" title="Ilmu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ilmu</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang mempelajari aspek kehidupan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan makhluk suborganisme (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus" title="Virus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">virus</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viroid&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Viroid (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">viroid</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prion" title="Prion"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">prion</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">). Semula menginduk dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">biologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, semenjak akhir abad ke-19 hingga sekarang berbagai ilmu telah berkembang menuju ke arah kekhususan atau menggunakan alat-alat dari cabang utama ilmu pengetahuan lainnya sehingga menjadi disiplin yang cukup berbeda. Saat ini, ilmu-ilmu hayati berjumlah ratusan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Biologi sendiri semula merupakan bagian dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu_alam" title="Ilmu alam"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ilmu pengetahuan alam</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> (<i>natural sciences</i>) yang dipelajari oleh para naturalis (ahli ilmu-ilmu alamiah). Biologi sebagai ilmu yang mandiri, dalam arti memiliki perangkat analisis dan konsep-konsep ilmiah yang kokoh, baru terbentuk pada abad ke-18, setelah penemuan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroskop" title="Mikroskop"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">mikroskop</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan tumbangnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">dogma</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Generatio_spontanea&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Generatio spontanea (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">generatio spontanea</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> oleh konsep </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Omne_vivum_ex_vivo&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Omne vivum ex vivo (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">omne vivum ex vivo</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Konsep </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">evolusi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, pewarisan sifat (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditas" title="Hereditas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hereditas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">), dan penemuan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA" title="DNA"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">DNA</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> sebagai bahan genetik memacu perkembangan biologi secara pesat.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pembagian disiplin ilmu di bawah ini tidak bersifat mutlak karena beberapa di antaranya sekarang dianggap mandiri walaupun masih memiliki keterkaitan dengan bidang induknya, misalnya genetika dengan fisiologi, biologi molekular dengan genetika, dan sebagainya. Selain itu, karena dinamisnya perkembangan ilmu-ilmu ini, seringkali ilmu-ilmu ini saling bertemu dan menghasilkan kajian antardisiplin.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu-ilmu berdasarkan kelompok organisme</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taksonomi" title="Taksonomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Taksonomi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">/Klasifikasi</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virologi" title="Virologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Virologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi virus)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrobiologi" title="Mikrobiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mikrobiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi mikroorganisme) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteriologi" title="Bakteriologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bakteriologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi bakteri)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protozoologi" title="Protozoologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Protozoologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi protozoa)</span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikologi" title="Mikologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mikologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">jamur, kapang dan ragi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botani" title="Botani"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Botani</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi tumbuhan) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fikologi" title="Fikologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fikologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi alga)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pteridologi" title="Pteridologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pteridologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan_paku" title="Tumbuhan paku"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pakis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bryologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Bryologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bryologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi lumut)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrologi" title="Dendrologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dendrologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleobotani" title="Paleobotani"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Paleobotani</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo35; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoologi" title="Zoologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Zoologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi hewan) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nematologi" title="Nematologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nematologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi nematoda)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malakologi" title="Malakologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Malakologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi moluska)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entomologi" title="Entomologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Entomologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi serangga) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="square"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apiari&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Apiari (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apiari</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi dan ternak lebah)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mirmekologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Mirmekologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mirmekologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi rayap)</span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iktiologi" title="Iktiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Iktiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi ikan)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpetologi" title="Herpetologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Herpetologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi reptilia dan amfibia)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornitologi" title="Ornitologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ornitologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi unggas)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamologi" title="Mamologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mamologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi mamalia) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="square"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primatologi" title="Primatologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Primatologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi primata)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level3 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rodentiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Rodentiologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rodentiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (biologi rodentia)</span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleozoologi" title="Paleozoologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Paleozoologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l6 level2 lfo35; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoologi_perbandingan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Zoologi perbandingan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Zoologi perbandingan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul></ul><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu-ilmu berdasarkan hierarki organisasi</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo36; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_sel" title="Biologi sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biologi sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biologi_sel_molekular&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Biologi sel molekular (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biologi sel molekular</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo36; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomi" title="Anatomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Anatomi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomi_perbandingan" title="Anatomi perbandingan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Anatomi perbandingan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitologi" title="Sitologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sitologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu Sel)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histologi" title="Histologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Histologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu jaringan)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Organologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Organologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu organ) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="square"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonologi" title="Pulmonologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pulmonologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (paru-paru)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardiologi" title="Kardiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kardiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (jantung)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiologi" title="Radiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Radiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurologi" title="Neurologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Neurologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (saraf)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viscerologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Viscerologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Viscerologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morfologi" title="Morfologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Morfologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (fisik luar) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="square"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pomologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Pomologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pomologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level3 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palinologi" title="Palinologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Palinologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul></ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo36; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fisiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (fungsi dalam tubuh) </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patologi" title="Patologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Patologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onkologi" title="Onkologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Onkologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzimologi" title="Enzimologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Enzimologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imunologi" title="Imunologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Imunologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level1 lfo36; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekofisiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekofisiologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekofisiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekologi_molekular&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekologi molekular (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekologi molekular</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limnologi" title="Limnologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Limnologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biologi_udara&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Biologi udara (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biologi udara</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oseanografi" title="Oseanografi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Oseanografi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiologi" title="Epidemiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Epidemiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toksikologi" title="Toksikologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Toksikologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l29 level2 lfo36; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_kelautan" title="Biologi kelautan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biologi kelautan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul></ul><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu-ilmu berdasarkan aspek kehidupan</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_reproduksi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu reproduksi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu reproduksi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_perkembangan" title="Biologi perkembangan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biologi perkembangan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenologi" title="Fenologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fenologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filogeni" title="Filogeni"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Filogeni</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleontologi" title="Paleontologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Paleontologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, pewarisan sifat pada makhluk hidup </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Genetika_sel&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Genetika sel (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (sitogenetika)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika_molekular" title="Genetika molekular"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika molekular</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Genetika_Mendel&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Genetika Mendel (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika Mendel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika_populasi" title="Genetika populasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika populasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika_kuantitatif" title="Genetika kuantitatif"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika kuantitatif</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Genetika_perkembangan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Genetika perkembangan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika perkembangan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Genetika_evolusionar&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Genetika evolusionar (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genetika evolusionar</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fisiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fisiologi_perkembangan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Fisiologi perkembangan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fisiologi perkembangan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzimologi" title="Enzimologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Enzimologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imunologi" title="Imunologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Imunologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endokrinologi" title="Endokrinologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Endokrinologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fisiologi_molekular&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Fisiologi molekular (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fisiologi molekular</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Evolusi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etologi" title="Etologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Etologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu perilaku hewan)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level1 lfo37; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_molekular" title="Biologi molekular"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biologi molekular</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cell_signalling&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Cell signalling (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cell signalling</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomika" title="Genomika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Genomika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transkriptomika" title="Transkriptomika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Transkriptomika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteomika" title="Proteomika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Proteomika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolomika" title="Metabolomika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Metabolomika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l27 level2 lfo37; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Systems_Biology&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Systems Biology (halaman belum tersedia)"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Systems Biology</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul></ul><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu-ilmu campuran dan terapan</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biokimia</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo38; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknik_bioproses" title="Teknik bioproses"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teknik biokimia</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofisika" title="Biofisika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biofisika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinformatika" title="Bioinformatika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bioinformatika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biostatistika" title="Biostatistika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biostatistika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">/Biometrika</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografi" title="Biogeografi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biogeografi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agronomi" title="Agronomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Agronomi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu_tanah" title="Ilmu tanah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu tanah</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitopatologi" title="Fitopatologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fitopatologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulma" title="Gulma"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">gulma</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hortikultura" title="Hortikultura"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hortikultura</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemuliaan" title="Pemuliaan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pemuliaan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Produksi_ternak&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Produksi ternak (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">produksi ternak</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kehutanan" title="Kehutanan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kehutanan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo38; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_budidaya_hutan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu budidaya hutan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu budidaya hutan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (agroforestri)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo38; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Konservasi_sumber_daya_alam&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Konservasi sumber daya alam (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Konservasi sumber daya alam</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perikanan" title="Perikanan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">perikanan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedokteran_hewan" title="Kedokteran hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kedokteran hewan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (veteriner)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedokteran" title="Kedokteran"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kedokteran</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (ilmu-ilmu yang dipelajari dalam kedokteran dicantumkan terpisah (lihat di bawah)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrobiologi" title="Astrobiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Astrobiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> / Eksobiologi</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioteknologi" title="Bioteknologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bioteknologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo38; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rekayasa_genetika" title="Rekayasa genetika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rekayasa genetika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo38; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teknologi_enzim&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Teknologi enzim (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teknologi enzim</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level2 lfo38; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknik_bioproses" title="Teknik bioproses"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Teknik bioproses</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l16 level1 lfo38; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_biologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sejarah biologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sejarah biologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu-ilmu yang dipelajari dalam bidang kedokteran/pengobatan/kesehatan</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patologi" title="Patologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Patologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_penyakit_dalam&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu penyakit dalam (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu penyakit dalam</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venereologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Venereologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Venereologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Obstetri&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Obstetri (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Obstetri</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onkologi" title="Onkologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Onkologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_kedokteran_forensik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu kedokteran forensik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu kedokteran forensik</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_kedokteran_molekular&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu kedokteran molekular (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu kedokteran molekular</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_kedokteran_klinik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu kedokteran klinik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu kedokteran klinik</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_kedokteran_gigi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu kedokteran gigi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ilmu kedokteran gigi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></li>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="circle"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodonti" title="Periodonti"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Periodonti</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo39; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ortodonti&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ortodonti (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ortodonti</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nasofaringologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Nasofaringologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nasofaringologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginekologi" title="Ginekologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ginekologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perinatologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Perinatologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perinatologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiologi" title="Radiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Radiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontologi" title="Gerontologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gerontologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo39; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etika_kedokteran&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Etika kedokteran (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Etika kedokteran</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembagian Berdasarkan Kelompok Organisme</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Makhluk hidup atau organisme sangat beraneka ragam. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taksonomi" title="Taksonomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Taksonomi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> mempelajari bagaimana organisme dapat dikelompokkan berdasarkan kemiripan dan perbedaan yang dimiliki. Selanjutnya, berbagai kelompok itu dipelajari semua gatra kehidupannya, sehingga dikenallah ilmu biologi tumbuhan (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botani" title="Botani"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">botani</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), biologi hewan (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoologi" title="Zoologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">zoologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), biologi serangga (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entomologi" title="Entomologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">entomologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), dan seterusnya.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembagian berdasarkan organisasi kehidupan</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kehidupan berlangsung dalam hirarki yang terorganisasi. Hirarki organisme, dari yang terkecil hingga yang terbesar yang dipelajari dalam biologi, adalah sebagai berikut: </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel" title="Sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan" title="Jaringan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">jaringan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ" title="Organ"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">organ</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_organ" title="Sistem organ"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sistem organ</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individu" title="Individu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">individu</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populasi" title="Populasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">populasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunitas" title="Komunitas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">komunitas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau masyarakat;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ekosistem</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">; dan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l19 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioma" title="Bioma"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">bioma</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kajian-kajian subindividu mencakup </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_sel" title="Biologi sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomi" title="Anatomi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">anatomi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan cabang-cabangnya (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitologi" title="Sitologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sitologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histologi" title="Histologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">histologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Organologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fisiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Pembagian lebih rinci juga mungkin terjadi. Misalnya, anatomi dapat dikhususkan pada setiap organ atau sistem (biasa terjadi dalam ilmu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedokteran" title="Kedokteran"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kedokteran</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">): </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonologi" title="Pulmonologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">pulmonologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardiologi" title="Kardiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kardiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurologi" title="Neurologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">neurologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan sebagainya).</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tingkat supraindividu dipelajari dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ekologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yang juga memiliki pengkhususan tersendiri, seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekofisiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekofisiologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ekofisiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau "fisiologi lingkungan", </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenologi" title="Fenologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fenologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, serta </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ilmu_perilaku&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ilmu perilaku (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ilmu perilaku</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pembagian berdasarkan interaksi</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hubungan antarunit kehidupan maupun antara unit kehidupan dan lingkungannya terjadi pada semua tingkat organisasi. Selain mempelajari kehidupan melalui berbagai tingkatan di atas, biologi juga mempelajari hal-hal berikut, melalui cabang ilmunya masing-masing:</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi_perkembangan" title="Biologi perkembangan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">biologi perkembangan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (<i>developmental biology</i>): ilmu yang mempelajari tahap perkembangan makhluk hidup (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontogeni" title="Ontogeni"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ontogeni</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) dari telur yang dibuahi menjadi individu;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">genetika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: ilmu yang mempelajari pewarisan keturunan;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etologi" title="Etologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">etologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: ilmu yang mempelajari perilaku makhluk hidup;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistematika" title="Sistematika"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sistematika</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: ilmu yang mempelajari keanekaragaman organisme dan hubungannya dengan relasi tertentu;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ekologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: ilmu yang mempelajari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">habitat</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan interaksi makhluk hidup dengan lingkungannya;</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">evolusi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: ilmu yang mempelajari perubahan yang terjadi pada makhluk hidup; dan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ksenobiologi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ksenobiologi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ksenobiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: ilmu pengetahuan spekulatif tentang adanya makhluk hidup selain di bumi.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikologi" title="Mikologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mikologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : ilmu yang mempelajari mengenai cendawan/ jamur</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l35 level1 lfo11; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikrobiologi" title="Mikrobiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mikrobiologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : ilmu yang mempelajari makhluk-makhluk mikroskopis</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">bahkan terdapat sub ilmu biologi yang berkaitan dengan ilmu lain seperti biokimia dan biofisik, dimana ilmu biologi dilihat dari sudut pandang kimia dan fisika.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel (biologi)</span></h1><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Sel</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> merupakan unit organisasi terkecil yang menjadi dasar kehidupan dalam arti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologis</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Semua fungsi kehidupan diatur dan berlangsung di dalam sel. Oleh karena itu, sel dapat berfungsi secara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autonom&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Autonom (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">autonom</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> asalkan seluruh kebutuhan hidupnya terpenuhi.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Semua </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> selular terbagi ke dalam dua golongan besar berdasarkan arsitektur basal dari selnya, yaitu organisme </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokariota" title="Prokariota"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">prokariota</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan organisme </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukariota" title="Eukariota"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">eukariota</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Organisme prokariota tidak memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inti_sel" title="Inti sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">inti sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan mempunyai organisasi internal sel yang relatif lebih sederhana. Prokariota terbagi menjadi dua kelompok yang besar: </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eubakteria&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Eubakteria (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">eubakteria</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang meliputi hampir seluruh jenis </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteri" title="Bakteri"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bakteri</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">archaea</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, kelompok prokariota yang sangat mirip dengan bakteri dan berkembang-biak di lingkungan yang ekstrem seperti sumber air panas yang bersifat asam atau air yang mengandung kadar garam yang sangat tinggi. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genom" title="Genom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Genom</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> prokariota terdiri dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromosom" title="Kromosom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kromosom</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tunggal yang melingkar, tanpa organisasi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA" title="DNA"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">DNA</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Organisme eukariota memiliki organisasi intraselular yang jauh lebih kompleks, antara lain dengan membran internal, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organel" title="Organel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang memiliki membran tersendiri seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inti_sel" title="Inti sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">inti sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitoskeleton" title="Sitoskeleton"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sitoskeleton</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang sangat terstruktur. Sel eukariota memiliki beberapa kromosom linear di dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nuklei&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Nuklei (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">nuklei</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, di dalamnya terdapat sederet </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molekul" title="Molekul"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">molekul</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA" title="DNA"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">DNA</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang sangat panjang yang terbagi dalam paket-paket yang dipisahkan oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histon" title="Histon"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">histon</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein" title="Protein"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">protein</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang lain.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jika panjang DNA diberi notasi C dan jumlah kromosom dalam genom diberi notasi n, maka notasi 2nC menunjukkan genom sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diploid" title="Diploid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">diploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, 1nC menunjukkan genom sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" title="Haploid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">haploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, 3nC menunjukkan genom sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triploid" title="Triploid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">triploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, 4nC menunjukkan genom sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tetraploid&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tetraploid (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tetraploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">manusia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, C = 3,5 × 10<sup>-12</sup> g, dengan n = 23, sehingga genom manusia dirumuskan menjadi 2 x 23 x 3,5 × 10<sup>-12</sup>, karena sel eukariota manusia memiliki genom diploid.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sejenis sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diploid" title="Diploid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">diploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yaitu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_nutfah" title="Sel nutfah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel nutfah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dapat terdiferensiasi menjadi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_gamet" title="Sel gamet"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel gamet</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploid" title="Haploid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">haploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genom" title="Genom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Genom</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sel gamet pada manusia memiliki 23 kromosom, 22 diantaranya merupakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Otosom&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Otosom (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">otosom</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sisanya merupakan kromosom genital. Pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oosit" title="Oosit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">oosit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, kromosom genital senantiasa memiliki notasi X, sedangkan pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spermatosit&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Spermatosit (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">spermatosit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, kromosom dapat berupa X maupun Y. Setelah terjadi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertilisasi" title="Fertilisasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fertilisasi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> antara kedua sel gamet yang berbeda kromosom genitalnya, terbentuklah sebuah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zigot" title="Zigot"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">zigot</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> diploid. Notasi genom yang digunakan untuk zigot adalah 46,XX atau 46,XY.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada umumnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_somatik" title="Sel somatik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel somatik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> merupakan sel diploid, namun terdapat beberapa perkecualian, antara lain: </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_darah_merah" title="Sel darah merah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel darah merah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keratinosit&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Keratinosit (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">keratinosit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> memiliki genom </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nuliploid&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Nuliploid (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">nuliploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Hepatosit bergenom </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tetraploid&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tetraploid (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tetraploid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> 4nC, sedang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Megakariosit&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Megakariosit (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">megakariosit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumsum_tulang_belakang" title="Sumsum tulang belakang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sumsum tulang belakang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> memiliki genom poliploid hingga 8nC, 16nC atau 32nC dan dapat melakukan proliferasi hingga menghasilkan ribuan sel nuliploid. Banyaknya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploidi" title="Ploidi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ploidi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pada sel terjadi sebagai akibat dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replikasi" title="Replikasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">replikasi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA" title="DNA"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">DNA</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang tidak disertai pembelahan sel, yang lazim disebut sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endomitosis&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Endomitosis (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">endomitosis</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:Sel_tumbuhan.png"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="180" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.gif" width="238" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sel selaput penyusun umbi bawang bombay (<i>Allium cepa</i>). Tampak dinding sel dan inti sel (berupa noktah di dalam setiap 'ruang'). Perbesaran 400 kali.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sejarah penemuan sel</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Robert Hooke</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada awalnya sel digambarkan pada tahun </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1665" title="1665"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">1665</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> oleh seorang ilmuwan Inggris </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Robert Hooke</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang telah meneliti irisan tipis </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabus" title="Gabus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">gabus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> melalui </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroskop" title="Mikroskop"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">mikroskop</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang dirancangnya sendiri. Kata <i>sel</i> berasal dari kata </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bahasa Latin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> cellula yang berarti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rongga&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Rongga (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">rongga</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">/ruangan.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada tahun 1835, sebelum teori Sel merupakan unit organisasi terkecil yang menjadi dasar kehidupan dalam arti biologis. Semua fungsi kehidupan diatur dan berlangsung di dalam sel. Karena itulah, sel dapat berfungsi secara autonom asalkan seluruh kebutuhan hidupnya terpenuhi.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Semua organisme selular terbagi ke dalam dua golongan besar berdasarkan arsitektur basal dari selnya, yaitu organisme prokariota dan organisme eukariota.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Organisme prokariota tidak memiliki inti sel dan mempunyai organisasi internal sel yang relatif lebih sederhana. Prokariota terbagi menjadi dua kelompok yang besar: eubakteria yang meliputi hampir seluruh jenis bakteri, dan archaea, kelompok prokariota yang sangat mirip dengan bakteri dan berkembang-biak di lingkungan yang ekstrem seperti sumber air panas yang bersifat asam atau air yang mengandung kadar garam yang sangat tinggi. Genom prokariota terdiri dari kromosom tunggal yang melingkar, tanpa organisasi DNA.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Organisme eukariota memiliki organisasi intraselular yang jauh lebih kompleks, antara lain dengan membran internal, organel yang memiliki membran tersendiri seperti inti sel dan sitoskeleton yang sangat terstruktur. Sel eukariota memiliki beberapa kromosom linear di dalam nuklei, di dalamnya terdapat sederet molekul DNA yang sangat panjang yang terbagi dalam paket-paket yang dipisahkan oleh histon dan protein yang lain.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jika panjang DNA diberi notasi C dan jumlah kromosom dalam genom diberi notasi n, maka notasi 2nC menunjukkan genom sel diploid, 1nC menunjukkan genom sel haploid, 3nC menunjukkan genom sel triploid, 4nC menunjukkan genom sel tetraploid. Pada manusia, C = 3,5 × 10-12 g, dengan n = 23, sehingga genom manusia dirumuskan menjadi 2 x 23 x 3,5 × 10-12, karena sel eukariota manusia memiliki genom diploid.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sejenis sel diploid yaitu sel nutfah dapat terdiferensiasi menjadi sel gamet haploid. Genom sel gamet pada manusia memiliki 23 kromosom, 22 diantaranya merupakan otosom, sisanya merupakan kromosom genital. Pada oosit, kromosom genital senantiasa memiliki notasi X, sedangkan pada spermatosit, kromosom dapat berupa X maupun Y. Setelah terjadi fertilisasi antara kedua sel gamet yang berbeda kromosom genitalnya, terbentuklah sebuah zigot diploid. Notasi genom yang digunakan untuk zigot adalah 46,XX atau 46,XY.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada umumnya sel somatik merupakan sel diploid, namun terdapat beberapa perkecualian, antara lain: sel darah merah dan keratinosit memiliki genom nuliploid. Hepatosit bergenom tetraploid 4nC, sedang megakariosit pada sumsum tulang belakang memiliki genom poliploid hingga 8nC, 16nC atau 32nC dan dapat melakukan proliferasi hingga menghasilkan ribuan sel nuliploid. Banyaknya ploidi pada sel terjadi sebagai akibat dari replikasi DNA yang tidak disertai pembelahan sel, yang lazim disebut sebagai endomitosis. sel menjadi lengkap, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Evangelista_Purkyn%C4%9B" title="Jan Evangelista Purkyně"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Jan Evangelista Purkyně</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> melakukan pengamatan terhadap </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Granula&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Granula (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">granula</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pada tanaman melalui mikroskop. Teori sel kemudian dikembangkan pada tahun 1839 oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Matthias_Jakob_Schleiden&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Matthias Jakob Schleiden (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Matthias Jakob Schleiden</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theodor_Schwann&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Theodor Schwann (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Theodor Schwann</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang mengatakan bahwa semua </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhluk_hidup" title="Makhluk hidup"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">makhluk hidup</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tersusun dari satu sel tunggal, yang disebut uniselular, atau lebih, yang disebut multiselular. Semua sel berasal dari sel yang telah ada sebelumnya, di dalam sel terjadi fungsi-fungsi vital demi kelangsungan hidup organisme dan terdapat informasi mengenai regulasi fungsi tersebut yang dapat diteruskan pada generasi sel berikutnya.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Struktur sel dan fungsi-fungsinya secara menakjubkan hampir serupa untuk semua organisme, namun jalur </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">evolusi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang ditempuh oleh masing-masing golongan besar organisme (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnum" title="Regnum"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Regnum</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) juga memiliki kekhususan sendiri-sendiri. Sel-sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokariota" title="Prokariota"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">prokariota</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> beradaptasi dengan kehidupan uniselular sedangkan sel-sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukariota" title="Eukariota"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">eukariota</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> beradaptasi untuk hidup saling bekerja sama dalam organisasi yang sangat rapi.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perkembangan sel</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Di dalam tubuh manusia, telah dikenali sekitar 210 jenis sel. Sebagaimana organisme multiselular lainnya, kehidupan manusia juga dimulai dari sebuah sel embrio diploid hasil dari fusi haploid </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oosit" title="Oosit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">oosit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spermatosit&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Spermatosit (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">spermatosit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang kemudian mengalami serangkaian mitosis. Pada tahap awal, sel-sel embrio bersifat </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Totipoten&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Totipoten (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">totipoten</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, setiap sel memiliki kapasitas untuk terdiferensiasi menjadi salah satu dari seluruh jenis sel tubuh. Selang berjalannya tahap perkembangan, kapasitas diferensiasi menjadi menurun menjadi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pluripoten&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Pluripoten (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">pluripoten</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, hingga menjadi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_progenitor" title="Sel progenitor"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel progenitor</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang hanya memiliki kapasitas untuk terdiferensiasi menjadi satu jenis sel saja, dengan kapasitas </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unipoten&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Unipoten (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">unipoten</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada level molekular, perkembangan sel dikendalikan melalui suatu proses pembelahan sel, diferensiasi sel, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morfogenesis&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Morfogenesis (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">morfogenesis</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis" title="Apoptosis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">apoptosis</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Tiap proses, pada awalnya, diaktivasi secara genetik, sebelum sel tersebut dapat menerima sinyal </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen" title="Mitogen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">mitogenik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dari lingkungan di luar sel.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Proses pembelahan sel</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siklus_sel" title="Siklus sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Siklus sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah proses duplikasi secara akurat untuk menghasilkan jumlah DNA kromosom yang cukup banyak dan mendukung segregasi untuk menghasilkan dua sel anakan yang identik secara genetik. Proses ini berlangsung terus-menerus dan berulang (siklik)</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sel tidak lepas dari siklus kehidupan yang dialami sel untuk tetap bertahan hidup. Siklus ini mengatur pertumbuhan sel dengan meregulasi waktu pembelahan dan mengatur perkembangan sel dengan mengatur jumlah ekspresi atau translasi gen pada masing-masing sel yang menentukan diferensiasinya.</span></div><h5 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></span></h5><h5 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fase pada siklus sel</span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></h5><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa S (sintesis): Tahap terjadinya replikasi DNA</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa M (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitosis" title="Mitosis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mitosis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">): Tahap terjadinya pembelahan sel (baik pembelahan biner atau pembentukan tunas)</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa G (gap): Tahap pertumbuhan bagi sel. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa G<sub>0</sub>, sel yang baru saja mengalami pembelahan berada dalam keadaan diam atau sel tidak melakukan pertumbuhan maupun perkembangan. Kondisi ini sangat bergantung pada sinyal atau rangsangan baik dari luar atau dalam sel. Umum terjadi dan beberapa tidak melanjutkan pertumbuhan (dorman) dan mati.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa G<sub>1</sub>, sel eukariot mendapatkan sinyal untuk tumbuh, antara sitokinesis dan sintesis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 1.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; tab-stops: list 1.0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa G<sub>2</sub>, pertumbuhan sel eukariot antara sintesis dan mitosis.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fasa tersebut berlangsung dengan urutan S > G<sub>2</sub> > M > G<sub>0</sub> > G<sub>1</sub> > kembali ke S. Dalam konteks Mitosis, fase G dan S disebut sebagai Interfase.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Diferensiasi sel</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Regenerasi_sel&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Regenerasi sel (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Regenerasi sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah proses pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sel yang bertujuan untuk mengisi ruang tertentu pada jaringan atau memperbaiki bagian yang rusak.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diferensiasi_sel&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Diferensiasi sel (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Diferensiasi sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah proses pematangan suatu sel menjadi sel yang spesifik dan fungsional, terletak pada posisi tertentu di dalam jaringan, dan mendukung fisiologis hewan. Misalnya, sebuah <i>stem cell</i> mampu berdiferensiasi menjadi sel kulit.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Saat sebuah sel tunggal, yaitu sel yang telah dibuahi, mengalami pembelahan berulang kali dan menghasilkan pola akhir dengan keakuratan dan kompleksitas yang spektakuler, sel itu telah mengalami regenerasi dan diferensiasi.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regenerasi" title="Regenerasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Regenerasi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan diferensiasi sel hewan ditentukan oleh genom. Genom yang identik terdapat pada setiap sel, namun mengekspresikan set gen yang berbeda, bergantung pada jumlah gen yang diekspresikan. Misalnya, pada sel retina mata, tentu gen penyandi karakteristik penangkap cahaya terdapat dalam jumlah yang jauh lebih banyak daripada ekspresi gen indera lainnya.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Morfogenesis</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengekspresian gen itu sendiri memengaruhi jumlah sel, jenis sel, interaksi sel, bahkan lokasi sel. Oleh karena itu, sel hewan memiliki 4 proses esensial pengkonstruksian embrio yang diatur oleh ekspresi gen, sebagai berikut:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Proliferasi sel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menghasilkan banyak sel dari satu sel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Spesialisasi sel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menciptakan sel dengan karakteristik berbeda pada posisi yang berbeda</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Interaksi sel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mengkoordinasi perilaku sebuah sel dengan sel tetangganya</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pergerakan sel</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">menyusun sel untuk membentuk struktur jaringan dan organ</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada embrio yang berkembang, keempat proses ini berlangsung bersamaan. Tidak ada badan pengatur khusus untuk proses ini. Setiap sel dari jutaan sel embrio harus membuat keputusannya masing-masing, menurut jumlah kopi instruksi genetik dan kondisi khusus masing-masing sel.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel tubuh, seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otot" title="Otot"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">otot</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraf" title="Saraf"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">saraf</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dsb. tetap mempertahankan karakteristik karena masih mengingat sinyal yang diberikan oleh nenek moyangnya saat awal perkembangan embrio.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apoptosis</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Apoptosis merupakan bagian dari perkembangan sel, sel tidak dapat mati begitu saja tanpa suatu mekanisme yang tertanam di dalam sel, yang dapat diaktivasi oleh sinyal internal maupun eksternal.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">[</span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sel_%28biologi%29&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Struktur sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">sunting</span></a><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">]</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> <span class="mw-headline">Struktur sel</span></span></h2><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">[</span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sel_%28biologi%29&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Sel eukariota"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">sunting</span></a><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">]</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> <span class="mw-headline">Sel eukariota</span></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara umum setiap sel memiliki</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membran_sel" title="Membran sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">membran sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">,</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitoplasma" title="Sitoplasma"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sitoplasma</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l18 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inti_sel" title="Inti sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">inti sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau nukleus.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sitoplasma dan inti sel bersama-sama disebut sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Protoplasma&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Protoplasma (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">protoplasma</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Sitoplasma berwujud cairan kental (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitosol" title="Sitosol"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sitosol</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) yang di dalamnya terdapat berbagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organel" title="Organel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang memiliki fungsi yang terorganisasi untuk mendukung kehidupan sel. Organel memiliki struktur terpisah dari sitosol dan merupakan "kompartementasi" di dalam sel, sehingga memungkinkan terjadinya reaksi yang tidak mungkin berlangsung di sitosol. Sitoplasma juga didukung oleh jaringan kerangka yang mendukung bentuk sitoplasma sehingga tidak mudah berubah bentuk.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Organel-organel yang ditemukan pada sitoplasma adalah</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitokondria" title="Mitokondria"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mitokondria</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (kondriosom)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badan_Golgi" title="Badan Golgi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">badan Golgi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (diktiosom)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retikulum_endoplasma" title="Retikulum endoplasma"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">retikulum endoplasma</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastida" title="Plastida"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">plastida</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (khusus tumbuhan, mencakup </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukoplas" title="Leukoplas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">leukoplas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloroplas" title="Kloroplas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kloroplas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kromoplas" title="Kromoplas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kromoplas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l28 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakuola" title="Vakuola"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vakuola</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (khusus tumbuhan)</span></li>
</ul><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel prokariota</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel tumbuhan dan sel bakteri memiliki lapisan di luar membran yang dikenal sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinding_sel" title="Dinding sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">dinding sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Dinding sel bersifat tidak elastis dan membatasi perubahan ukuran sel. Keberadaan dinding sel juga menyebabkan terbentuknya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruang_antarsel&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ruang antarsel (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ruang antarsel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yang pada tumbuhan menjadi bagian penting dari transportasi hara dan mineral di dalam tubuh tumbuhan.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tumbuhan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteri" title="Bakteri"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bakteri</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> mempunyai beberapa perbedaan seperti berikut:</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableLightGridAccent2" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1;"> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 2.25pt; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 247.5pt;" valign="top" width="330"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sel tumbuhan</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 247.5pt;" valign="top" width="330"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sel hewan</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 247.5pt;" valign="top" width="330"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sel bakteri</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"></span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sel tumbuhan lebih besar daripada sel hewan.</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel hewan lebih kecil daripada sel tumbuhan.</span></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel bakteri sangat kecil.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Mempunyai bentuk yang tetap.</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak mempunyai bentuk yang tetap.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mempunyai bentuk yang tetap.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Mempunyai </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinding_sel" title="Dinding sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dinding sel</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"> [<i>cell wall</i>] dari </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selulosa" title="Selulosa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">selulosa</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">.</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinding_sel" title="Dinding sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dinding sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> [<i>cell wall</i>].</span></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinding_sel" title="Dinding sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">dinding sel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> [<i>cell wall</i>] dari lipoprotein.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Mempunyai </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastida" title="Plastida"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">plastida</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">.</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastida" title="Plastida"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">plastida</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastida" title="Plastida"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">plastida</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Mempunyai </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakuola" title="Vakuola"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vakuola</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"> [<i>vacuole</i>] atau rongga sel yang besar.</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakuola" title="Vakuola"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vakuola</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> [<i>vacuole</i>], walaupun kadang-kadang sel beberapa hewan uniseluler memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakuola" title="Vakuola"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vakuola</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (tapi tidak sebesar yang dimiliki tumbuhan). Yang biasa dimiliki hewan adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesikel" title="Vesikel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vesikel</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau [<i>vesicle</i>].</span></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakuola" title="Vakuola"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vakuola</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Menyimpan tenaga dalam bentuk butiran (granul) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pati" title="Pati"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pati</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">.</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Menyimpan tenaga dalam bentuk butiran (granul) </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glikogen" title="Glikogen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">glikogen</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tidak Mempunyai </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentrosom" title="Sentrosom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sentrosom</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"> [<i>centrosome</i>].</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentrosom" title="Sentrosom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sentrosom</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> [<i>centrosome</i>].</span></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak Mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentrosom" title="Sentrosom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sentrosom</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> [<i>centrosome</i>].</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tidak memiliki </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisosom" title="Lisosom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">lisosom</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"> [<i>lysosome</i>].</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisosom" title="Lisosom"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">lisosom</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> [<i>lysosome</i>].</span></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><br />
</td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-top: none; border: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Nukleus lebih kecil daripada vakuola.</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nukleus lebih besar daripada vesikel.</span></div></td> <td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent2; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-left-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent2; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent2; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak memiliki nukleus dalam arti sebenarnya.</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Perbedaan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sel hewan dan tanaman</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara umum, perbedaan tersebut dapat dinyatakan sebagai berikut:</span></div><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableLightGridAccent3" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: -1;"> <td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 2.25pt; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 5; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Hewan</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"></span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 1; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tumbuhan</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;"></span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Terdapat sentriol</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak ada sentriol</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tidak ada pembentukan dinding sel</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Terdapat sitokinesis dan pembentukan dinding sel</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Ada kutub animal dan vegetal</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak ada perbedaan kutub embriogenik, yang ada semacam epigeal dan hipogeal</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Jaringan sel hewan bergerak menjadi bentuk yang berbeda</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan sel tumbuhan tumbuh menjadi bentuk yang berbeda</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Terdapat proses gastrulasi</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Terdapat proses histodiferensiasi</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tidak terdapat jaringan embrionik seumur hidup</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Meristem sebagai jaringan embrionik seumur hidup</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;"> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 68; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Terdapat batasan pertumbuhan (ukuran tubuh)</span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #E6EED5; border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 63; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 64; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak ada batasan pertumbuhan, kecuali kemampuan akar dalam hal menopang berat tubuh bagian atas</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 132; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Apoptosis untuk perkembangan jaringan, melibatkan mitokondria dan caspase</span></b></div></td> <td style="border-bottom: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-left-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-right-themecolor: accent3; mso-border-top-alt: solid #9BBB59 1.0pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent3; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-yfti-cnfc: 128; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tidak ada "Apoptosis", yang ada lebih ke arah proteksi diri, tidak melibatkan mitokondria</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel-sel khusus</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel Tidak Berinti, contohnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trombosit" title="Trombosit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">trombosit</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrosit" title="Eritrosit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">eritrosit</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (Sel darah merah). Di dalam sel darah merah, terdapat </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobin" title="Hemoglobin"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">hemoglobin</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sebagai pengganti nukleus (inti sel).</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel Berinti Banyak, contohnya <i>Paramecium sp</i> dan sel otot</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel hewan berklorofil, contohnya euglena sp. Euglena sp adalah hewan uniseluler berklorofil.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sel pendukung, contohnya adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sel_xilem&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sel xilem (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sel xilem</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Sel xilem akan mati dan meninggalkan dinding sel sebagai "tulang" dan saluran air. Kedua ini sangatlah membantu dalam proses transpirasi pada tumbuhan.</span></li>
</ul><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan</span></h1><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Jaringan</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah sekumpulan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel" title="Sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang memiliki bentuk dan fungsi yang sama. Jaringan-jaringan yang berbeda dapat bekerja sama untuk suatu fungsi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fisiologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang sama membentuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ" title="Organ"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organ</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Jaringan dipelajari dalam cabang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang dinamakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histologi" title="Histologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">histologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sedangkan cabang biologi yang mempelajari berubahnya bentuk dan fungsi jaringan dalam hubungannya dengan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyakit" title="Penyakit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">penyakit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histopatologi" title="Histopatologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">histopatologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan dimiliki oleh organisme yang telah memiliki pembagian tugas untuk setiap kelompok sel-selnya. Organisme ber</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talus" title="Talus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">talus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alga" title="Alga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">alga</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> ("ganggang") dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fungi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> ("jamur"), tidak memiliki perbedaan jaringan, meskipun mereka dapat membentuk struktur-struktur khas mirip organ, seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tubuh_buah&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tubuh buah (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tubuh buah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sporofor&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sporofor (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sporofor</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan_lumut" title="Tumbuhan lumut"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Tumbuhan lumut</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dapat dikatakan telah memiliki jaringan yang jelas, meskipun ia belum memiliki jaringan pembuluh yang jelas.</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan hewan (termasuk manusia)</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ada empat kelompok jaringan dasar yang membentuk tubuh semua </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, termasuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">manusia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan organisme </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel" title="Sel"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">multiseluler</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tingkat rendah seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artropoda" title="Artropoda"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">artropoda</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">: jaringan epitelium, jaringan pengikat, jaringan penyokong, dan jaringan saraf.</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitelium" title="Epitelium"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">epitelium</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan yang disusun oleh lapisan sel yang melapisi permukaan organ seperti permukaan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulit" title="Kulit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kulit</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Jaringan ini berfungsi untuk melindungi organ yang dilapisinya, sebagai organ </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekresi" title="Sekresi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sekresi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan penyerapan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan epitel terdiri dari 3 macam:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1. Eksotelium: epitel yang membungkus bagian luar tubuh</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2. Endotelium: epitel yang melapisi organ dalam tubuh</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3. Mesotelium: epitel yang membatasi rongga tubuh</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Fungsi jaringan epitelium yakni:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">a. Absorpsi, misalnya pada usus yang menyerap sari-sari makanan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">b. Sekresi, contohnya testis yang mensekresikan sperma</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">c. Ekskresi, kulit yang mengeluarkan keringat</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">d. Transportasi, mengatur tekanan osmosis dalam tubuh</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">e. Proteksi, kulit melindungi jaringan tubuh di bawahnya</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">f. Penerima rangsang, kulit yang menanggapi rangsang dari luar</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">g. Pernapasan, kulit katak berfungsi sebagai alat pernapasan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">h. Alat gerak, selaput kaki pada kulit katak membantu dalam pergerakan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">g. Mengatur suhu tubuh, kulit mengatur suhu tubuh dengan mengeluarkan keringat jika tubuh kepanasan</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l20 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan pengikat.</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sesuai namanya, jaringan pengikat berfungsi untuk mengikat jaringan dan alat tubuh. Contoh jaringan ini adalah jaringan darah.</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l33 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan otot.</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan otot terbagi atas tiga kategori yang berbeda yaitu otot licin yang dapat ditemukan di organ tubuh bagian dalam, otot lurik yang dapat ditemukan pada rangka tubuh, dan otot jantung yang dapat ditemukan di jantung.</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan saraf.</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">adalah jaringan yang berfungsi untuk mengatur aktivitas otot dan organ serta menerima dan meneruskan rangsangan.</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l22 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan penyokong</span></li>
</ul><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">adalah jaringan yang terdiri dari jaringan tulang rawan dan jaringan tulang yang berfungsi untuk memberi bentuk tubuh,melindungi tubuh,dan menguatkan bentuk tubuh</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan tumbuhan</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tumbuhan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> relatif lebih homogen daripada jaringan hewan. Tumbuhan tidak memiliki kemampuan lokomosi (berpindah)/bergerak secara aktif sebagaimana hewan. Meskipun demikian, banyak sel-sel baru terbentuk untuk berbagai jaringan sebagai kompensasi banyaknya sel-sel yang mati, yang menjadi pasif karena berperan sebagai sel-sel penyimpan cadangan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energi" title="Energi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">energi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (misalnya pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buah" title="Buah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">buah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbi" title="Umbi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">umbi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolit_sekunder" title="Metabolit sekunder"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">metabolit sekunder</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan untuk mengisi jaringan baru karena tumbuhan selalu bertambah massanya, khususnya bagi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan_tahunan" title="Tumbuhan tahunan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tumbuhan tahunan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Jaringan yang aktif memperbanyak diri dan tidak memiliki fungsi khusus disebut <i>jaringan meristematik</i>, sementara jaringan yang telah mantap dengan fungsinya disebut <i>jaringan tetap</i>/<i>permanen</i>.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan meristematik</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan meristematik terdiri dari sel-sel </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meristem" title="Meristem"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">meristem</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, suatu analog dari sel-</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sel_punca" title="Sel punca"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sel punca</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (<i>stem cells</i>) hewan. Jaringan ini dapat ditemukan pada titik-</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Titik_tumbuh&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Titik tumbuh (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">titik tumbuh</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> di ujung </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batang" title="Batang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">batang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akar" title="Akar"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">akar</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (disebut meristem pucuk/ujung/apikal), di bawah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulit_kayu" title="Kulit kayu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kulit kayu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambium" title="Kambium"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kambium</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> gabus maupun kambium pembuluh, disebut meristem tepi/lateral), dan di tepi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruas&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ruas (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ruas</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buku_%28tumbuhan%29&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Buku (tumbuhan) (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">buku</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, serta pada pangkal tangkai daun (meristem antara/interkalar). Jaringan ini, terutama meristem ujung, mudah diinduksi untuk diperbanyak secara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vitro" title="In vitro"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">in vitro</span></i></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jargon" title="Jargon"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jargon</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultur_jaringan" title="Kultur jaringan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kultur jaringan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sel-sel ini dikatakan bersifat <i>embrionik</i> ("dapat membentuk embrio"). Jaringan meristematik juga terbentuk apabila ada bagian tumbuhan yang terbuka, misalnya karena terluka. Mobilisasi beberapa </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitohormon" title="Fitohormon"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fitohormon</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, biasanya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auksin" title="Auksin"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">auksin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sitokinin&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sitokinin (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sitokinin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, akan memicu terbentuknya sel-sel meristem yang membentuk semacam jaringan tidak terdiferensiasi yang disebut </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalus" title="Kalus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kalus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan permanen</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan permanen dikategorikan menjadi tiga kelompok utama: </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epidermis&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Epidermis (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">epidermis</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (jaringan pelindung, terdiri dari sel-sel yang menyusun lapisan luar </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daun" title="Daun"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">daun</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan bagian-bagian tumbuhan yang masih muda), </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_pengangkut" title="Jaringan pengangkut"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jaringan pengangkut</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (menyusun </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xilem" title="Xilem"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">xilem</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floem" title="Floem"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">floem</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">), dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_dasar" title="Jaringan dasar"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jaringan dasar</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (mencakup parenkim, klorenkim, kolenkim, dan sklerenkim).</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Epidermis melindungi bagian dalam organ sehingga tidak bersentuhan langsung dengan pengaruh keadaan di luar organ. Epidermis dapat dilindungi oleh lapisan tipis di bagian luar yang dikenal sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutikula" title="Kutikula"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kutikula</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Dapat juga ditemukan lapisan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malam_%28zat%29" title="Malam (zat)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">malam</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (<i>wax</i>). Sel-sel epidermis biasanya berbentuk segi empat apabila dilihat dari samping, berjajar homogen. Namun demikian, epidermis dapat mengalami perubahan menjadi sel-sel penutup atau sel penjaga </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stomata&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Stomata (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">stomata</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> beserta beberapa sel tetangga, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trikoma&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Trikoma (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">trikoma</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (miang atau rambut daun/batang), </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duri" title="Duri"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">duri</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, serta </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rambut_kelenjar&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Rambut kelenjar (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">rambut kelenjar</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan pengangkut dimiliki oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan_berpembuluh&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tumbuhan berpembuluh (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tumbuhan berpembuluh</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (Tracheophyta). </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnospermae" title="Gymnospermae"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Gymnospermae</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> memiliki jaringan trakeida, serabut trakeida, dan parenkim kayu sebagai penyusun xilem. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiospermae" title="Angiospermae"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Angiospermae</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> memiliki tambahan jaringan trakea selain jaringan yang dimiliki Gymnospermae. Floem (pembuluh tapis) tersusun dari jaringan buluh tapis dan sel-sel pengiring.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Jaringan dasar menyusun sebagian besar tubuh tumbuhan (biomassa). Kelompok jaringan ini memiliki banyak fungsi tergantung tempat ia berada. Seringkali ia mengisi bagian terbesar dari suatu organ, menyusun daging buah, kulit batang, isi umbi atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimpang" title="Rimpang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">rimpang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang menyimpan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pati" title="Pati"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">pati</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau metabolit sekunder tertentu (seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaloid" title="Alkaloid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">alkaloid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpenoid" title="Terpenoid"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">terpenoid</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">). Jaringan ini juga dapat mengalami kematian dengan mengosongkan isi sel-selnya untuk membentuk struktur berongga (aerenkim) seperti ruang dalam gelembung pada tangkai daun </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eceng_gondok" title="Eceng gondok"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">eceng gondok</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau rongga dalam buluh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bambu" title="Bambu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bambu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sistem organ</span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Sistem Organ</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> merupakan bentuk kerjasama antar organ untuk melakukan fungsi - fungsi yang lebih kompleks lagi sehingga proses yang berlangsung di dalam tubuh suatu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dapat berjalan dengan baik sesuai aktivitas hidup </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang bersangkutan. Dalam melaksanakan kerja sama ini, setiap organ tidak bekerja sendiri-sendiri, melainkan organ - organ saling bergantung dan saling memengaruhi satu sama lainnya. Contoh sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ" title="Organ"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">organ</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pada hewan dan manusia antara lain sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pernapasan" title="Pernapasan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pernapasan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencernaan" title="Pencernaan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pencernaan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerak" title="Gerak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">gerak</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproduksi" title="Reproduksi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">reproduksi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peredaran_darah&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Peredaran darah (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">peredaran darah</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraf" title="Saraf"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">saraf</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekskresi" title="Ekskresi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ekskresi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Individu</span></h1><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Individu</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> merupakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit" title="Unit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">unit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> terkecil pembentuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masyarakat" title="Masyarakat"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">masyarakat</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu_sosial" title="Ilmu sosial"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ilmu sosial</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, individu berarti juga bagian terkecil dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelompok" title="Kelompok"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kelompok</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> masyarakat yang tidak dapat dipisah lagi menjadi bagian yang lebih kecil.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Sebagai contoh, suatu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keluarga" title="Keluarga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">keluarga</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> terdiri dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayah" title="Ayah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ayah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibu" title="Ibu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ibu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anak" title="Anak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">anak</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Ayah merupakan individu dalam kelompok sosial tersebut, yang sudah tidak dapat dibagi lagi ke dalam satuan yang lebih kecil. </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada dasarnya, setiap individu memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ciri&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ciri (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ciri</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-ciri yang berbeda.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[2]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Individu yang saling bergabung akan membentuk kelompok atau masyarakat.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[2]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Individu tersebut akan memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karakteristik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Karakteristik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">karakteristik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang sama dengan kelompok dimana dirinya bergabung.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><br />
</div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Populasi</span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Populasi adalah kumpulan individu sejenis yang berada pada wilayah tertentu dan pada waktu yang tertentu pula.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
Kata <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">populasi</span> (dari bahasa Inggris: Population) dipakai untuk hal-hal berikut:</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam bidang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografi" title="Geografi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">geografi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> / </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demografi" title="Demografi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">demografi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, sebagai sinonim bagi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penduduk" title="Penduduk"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">penduduk</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam bidang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">biologi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populasi_%28biologi%29" title="Populasi (biologi)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">populasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah sekumpulan individu dengan ciri-ciri sama (satu spesies yang sama) yang hidup dalam tempat dan waktu yang sama.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo12; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam bidang statistika, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populasi_%28statistika%29" title="Populasi (statistika)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">populasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah sekumpulan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data" title="Data"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">data</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang menjadi objek </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistika_inferensia" title="Statistika inferensia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">inferensi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span></li>
</ul><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Komunitas</span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Komunitas</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah sebuah kelompok </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sosial" title="Sosial"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sosial</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dari beberapa </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang berbagi lingkungan, umumnya memiliki ketertarikan dan habitat yang sama. Dalam komunitas </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">manusia</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, individu-individu di dalamnya dapat memiliki maksud, kepercayaan, sumber daya, preferensi, kebutuhan, risiko dan sejumlah kondisi lain yang serupa. Komunitas berasal dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Latin" title="Bahasa Latin"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">bahasa Latin</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> <i>communitas</i> yang berarti "kesamaan", kemudian dapat diturunkan dari <i>communis</i> yang berarti "sama, publik, dibagi oleh semua atau banyak".</span></div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem</span></h1><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Ekosistem</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah suatu sistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ekologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang terbentuk oleh hubungan timbal balik tak terpisahkan antara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhluk_hidup" title="Makhluk hidup"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">makhluk hidup</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dengan lingkungannya.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Ekosistem bisa dikatakan juga suatu tatanan kesatuan secara utuh dan menyeluruh antara segenap unsur lingkungan hidup yang saling memengaruhi.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[1]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem merupakan penggabungan dari setiap unit </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biosistem&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Biosistem (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biosistem</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang melibatkan interaksi timbal balik antara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan lingkungan fisik sehingga aliran energi menuju kepada suatu struktur </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotik" title="Biotik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">biotik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tertentu dan terjadi suatu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siklus_materi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Siklus materi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">siklus materi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> antara organisme dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anorganisme&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Anorganisme (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">anorganisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Matahari sebagai sumber dari semua energi yang ada. </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dalam ekosistem, organisme dalam komunitas berkembang bersama-sama dengan lingkungan fisik sebagai suatu sistem.</span> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Organisme akan beradaptasi dengan lingkungan fisik, sebaliknya organisme juga memengaruhi lingkungan fisik untuk keperluan hidup. Pengertian ini didasarkan pada Hipotesis Gaia, yaitu: "organisme, khususnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroorganisme" title="Mikroorganisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">mikroorganisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, bersama-sama dengan lingkungan fisik menghasilkan suatu sistem kontrol yang menjaga keadaan di bumi cocok untuk kehidupan". Hal ini mengarah pada kenyataan bahwa kandungan kimia </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosfer" title="Atmosfer"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">atmosfer</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bumi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sangat terkendali dan sangat berbeda dengan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet" title="Planet"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">planet</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> lain dalam </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_surya" title="Tata surya"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tata surya</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kehadiran, kelimpahan dan penyebaran suatu spesies dalam ekosistem ditentukan oleh tingkat ketersediaan sumber daya serta kondisi faktor kimiawi dan fisis yang harus berada dalam kisaran yang dapat ditoleransi oleh spesies tersebut, inilah yang disebut dengan hukum toleransi.</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Misalnya: Panda memiliki toleransi yang luas terhadap suhu, namun memiliki toleransi yang sempit terhadap makanannya, yaitu bambu. Dengan demikian, panda dapat hidup di ekosistem dengan kondisi apapun asalkan dalam ekosistem tersebut terdapat bambu sebagai sumber makanannya. Berbeda dengan makhluk hidup yang lain, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">manusia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dapat memperlebar kisaran toleransinya karena kemampuannya untuk berpikir, mengembangkan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknologi" title="Teknologi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">teknologi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan memanipulasi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alam" title="Alam"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">alam</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Wild_zebra_on_Kenya_countryside.jpg&filetimestamp=20050729174924"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="228" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.gif" width="308" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ekosistem padang rumput adalah contoh ekosistem terestrial</span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Komponen pembentuk</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Komponen-komponen pembentuk ekosistem adalah:</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Abiotik</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .25in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Abiotik atau komponen tak hidup adalah komponen </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisik" title="Fisik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fisik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimia" title="Kimia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kimia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang merupakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medium" title="Medium"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">medium</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substrat" title="Substrat"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">substrat</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tempat berlangsungnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kehidupan" title="Kehidupan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kehidupan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingkungan" title="Lingkungan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">lingkungan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tempat hidup.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[4]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Sebagian besar komponen abiotik bervariasi dalam ruang dan waktunya.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[2]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Komponen abiotik dapat berupa bahan organik, senyawa anorganik, dan faktor yang memengaruhi distribusi organisme, yaitu</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[2]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhu" title="Suhu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Suhu</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Proses biologi dipengaruhi suhu. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mamalia</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unggas" title="Unggas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">unggas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> membutuhkan energi untuk meregulasi temperatur dalam tubuhnya.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air" title="Air"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Air</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Ketersediaan air memengaruhi distribusi organisme. Organisme di gurun beradaptasi terhadap ketersediaan air di gurun.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garam" title="Garam"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Garam</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Konsentrasi garam memengaruhi kesetimbangan air dalam organisme melalui </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosis" title="Osmosis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">osmosis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Beberapa organisme </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terestrial" title="Terestrial"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">terestrial</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> beradaptasi dengan lingkungan dengan kandungan garam tinggi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahaya_matahari" title="Cahaya matahari"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cahaya matahari</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Intensitas dan kualitas cahaya memengaruhi proses </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotosintesis" title="Fotosintesis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">fotosintesis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Air dapat menyerap cahaya sehingga pada lingkungan air, fotosintesis terjadi di sekitar permukaan yang terjangkau cahaya matahari. Di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurun" title="Gurun"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">gurun</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, intensitas cahaya yang besar membuat peningkatan suhu sehingga </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">tumbuhan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tertekan.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah" title="Tanah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tanah</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu" title="Batu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">batu</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Beberapa karakteristik tanah yang meliputi struktur fisik, pH, dan komposisi mineral membatasi penyebaran organisme berdasarkan pada kandungan sumber makanannya di tanah.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo13; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iklim" title="Iklim"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Iklim</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Iklim adalah kondisi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuaca" title="Cuaca"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">cuaca</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dalam jangka waktu lama dalam suatu area. Iklim makro meliputi iklim </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Global (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">global</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional" title="Regional"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">regional</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lokal&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Lokal (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">lokal</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Iklim mikro meliputi iklim dalam suatu daerah yang dihuni </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komunitas" title="Komunitas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">komunitas</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tertentu.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biotik</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Biotik adalah istilah yang biasanya digunakan untuk menyebut sesuatu yang hidup (organisme). Komponen biotik adalah suatu komponen yang menyusun suatu ekosistem selain komponen abiotik (tidak bernyawa). Berdasarkan peran dan fungsinya, makhluk hidup dibedakan menjadi tiga macam, yaitu:</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Heterotrof / Konsumen</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Komponen heterotrof terdiri dari organisme yang memanfaatkan bahan-bahan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Organik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang disediakan oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organisme</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> lain sebagai makanannya . Komponen heterotrof disebut juga konsumen makro (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fagotrof&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Fagotrof (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fagotrof</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) karena makanan yang dimakan berukuran lebih kecil. Yang tergolong heterotrof adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">manusia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamur" title="Jamur"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jamur</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikroba" title="Mikroba"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">mikroba</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengurai / dekomposer</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pengurai atau dekomposer adalah organisme yang menguraikan bahan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Organik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">organik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang berasal dari organisme mati. Pengurai disebut juga konsumen makro (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sapotrof&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sapotrof (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sapotrof</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) karena makanan yang dimakan berukuran lebih besar. Organisme pengurai menyerap sebagian hasil penguraian tersebut dan melepaskan bahan-bahan yang sederhana yang dapat digunakan kembali oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produsen" title="Produsen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">produsen</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Yang tergolong pengurai adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakteri" title="Bakteri"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bakteri</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamur" title="Jamur"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jamur</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Ada pula pengurai yang disebut </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detritivor" title="Detritivor"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">detritivor</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yaitu hewan pengurai yang memakan sisa-sisa bahan organik, contohnya adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kutu_kayu&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kutu kayu (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kutu kayu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Tipe dekomposisi ada tiga, yaitu</span> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobik" title="Aerobik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">aerobik</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : oksigen adalah penerima elektron / </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oksidan&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Oksidan (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">oksidan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobik" title="Anaerobik"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">anaerobik</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : oksigen tidak terlibat. Bahan organik sebagai penerima elektron /oksidan</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo14; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentasi" title="Fermentasi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">fermentasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> : anaerobik namun bahan organik yang teroksidasi juga sebagai penerima </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">elektron</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. komponen tersebut berada pada suatu tempat dan berinteraksi membentuk suatu kesatuan ekosistem yang teratur. Misalnya, pada suatu ekosistem </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akuarium" title="Akuarium"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">akuarium</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, ekosistem ini terdiri dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikan" title="Ikan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ikan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sebagai komponen heterotrof, tumbuhan air sebagai komponen autotrof, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plankton" title="Plankton"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">plankton</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang terapung di air sebagai komponen pengurai, sedangkan yang termasuk komponen </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abiotik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Abiotik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">abiotik</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air" title="Air"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">air</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasir" title="Pasir"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pasir</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu" title="Batu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">batu</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">mineral</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">oksigen</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang terlarut dalam air. </span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketergantungan</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:FoodChain.svg&filetimestamp=20090330204623"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="298" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.gif" width="218" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Rantai makanan</span></b></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketergantungan pada ekosistem dapat terjadi antar komponen biotik atau antara komponen biotik dan abiotik.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Antar komponen biotik</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketergantungan antar komponen biotik dapat terjadi melalui:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Rantai makanan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yaitu perpindahan materi dan energi melalui proses makan dan dimakan dengan urutan tertentu. Tiap tingkat dari rantai makanan disebut </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tingkat_trofi" title="Tingkat trofi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">tingkat trofi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> atau taraf trofi. Karena organisme pertama yang mampu menghasilkan zat makanan adalah tumbuhan maka tingkat trofi pertama selalu diduduki tumbuhan hijau sebagai produsen. Tingkat selanjutnya adalah tingkat trofi kedua, terdiri atas hewan pemakan tumbuhan yang biasa disebut </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsumen" title="Konsumen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">konsumen</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> primer. Hewan pemakan konsumen primer merupakan tingkat trofi ketiga, terdiri atas hewan-hewan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnivora" title="Karnivora"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">karnivora</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Setiap pertukaran energi dari satu tingkat trofi ke tingkat trofi lainnya, sebagian energi akan hilang. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l36 level1 lfo15; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Jaring- jaring makanan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, yaitu rantai-rantai makanan yang saling berhubungan satu sama lain sedemikian rupa sehingga membentuk seperi jaring-jaring. Jaring-jaring makanan terjadi karena setiap jenis makhluk hidup tidak hanya memakan satu jenis makhluk hidup lainnya.</span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Antar komponen biotik dan abiotik</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h3><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ketergantungan antara komponen biotik dan abiotik dapat terjadi melalui siklus materi, seperti</span> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">siklus </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">karbon</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">siklus air</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">siklus </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">nitrogen</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-list: l25 level1 lfo16; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">siklus </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sulfur</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Siklus ini berfungsi untuk mencegah suatu bentuk materi menumpuk pada suatu tempat. Ulah manusia telah membuat suatu sistem yang awalnya siklik menjadi nonsiklik, manusia cenderung mengganggu keseimbangan lingkungan.</span><a href=""><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">[2]</span></sup></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h2><h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tipe-tipe Ekosistem</span></span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></h2><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Secara umum ada tiga tipe ekosistem, yaitu ekositem air, ekosisten darat, dan ekosistem buatan. </span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Akuatik (air)</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Upper_Lehman_Creek.jpg&filetimestamp=20080303162405"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="161" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.gif" width="238" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem sungai</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l23 level1 lfo17; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_air_tawar&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem air tawar (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem air tawar</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ciri-ciri ekosistem air tawar antara lain variasi suhu tidak menyolok, penetrasi cahaya kurang, dan terpengaruh oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iklim" title="Iklim"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">iklim</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuaca" title="Cuaca"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">cuaca</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Macam tumbuhan yang terbanyak adalah jenis </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganggang" title="Ganggang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ganggang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sedangkan lainnya tumbuhan biji. Hampir semua filum hewan terdapat dalam air tawar. Organisme yang hidup di air tawar pada umumnya telah beradaptasi. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l38 level1 lfo18; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_air_laut&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem air laut (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem air laut</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Habitat laut (oseanik) ditandai oleh </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinitas" title="Salinitas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">salinitas</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (kadar garam) yang tinggi dengan ion CI<sup>-</sup> mencapai 55% terutama di daerah laut tropik, karena suhunya tinggi dan penguapan besar. Di daerah tropik, suhu laut sekitar 25 °C. Perbedaan suhu bagian atas dan bawah tinggi, sehingga terdapat batas antara lapisan air yang panas di bagian atas dengan air yang dingin di bagian bawah yang disebut daerah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Termoklin&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Termoklin (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">termoklin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo19; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_estuari&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem estuari (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem estuari</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Estuari (muara) merupakan tempat bersatunya sungai dengan laut. Estuari sering dipagari oleh lempengan lumpur </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intertidal&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Intertidal (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">intertidal</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang luas atau </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawa" title="Rawa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">rawa</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> garam. Ekosistem estuari memiliki produktivitas yang tinggi dan kaya akan nutrisi. Komunitas tumbuhan yang hidup di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Estuari&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Estuari (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">estuari</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> antara lain rumput rawa garam, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganggang" title="Ganggang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ganggang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitoplankton" title="Fitoplankton"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">fitoplankton</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Komunitas hewannya antara lain berbagai cacing, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerang" title="Kerang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kerang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepiting" title="Kepiting"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kepiting</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikan" title="Ikan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ikan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo20; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_pantai&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem pantai (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem pantai</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dinamakan demikian karena yang paling banyak tumbuh di gundukan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasir" title="Pasir"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">pasir</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah tumbuhan <i>Ipomoea pes caprae</i> yang tahan terhadap hempasan gelombang dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angin" title="Angin"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">angin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Tumbuhan yang hidup di ekosistem ini menjalar dan berdaun tebal. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l37 level1 lfo21; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_sungai&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem sungai (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem sungai</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai" title="Sungai"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Sungai</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> adalah suatu badan air yang mengalir ke satu arah. Air sungai dingin dan jernih serta mengandung sedikit </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sedimen&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Sedimen (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">sedimen</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan makanan. Aliran air dan gelombang secara konstan memberikan oksigen pada air. Suhu air bervariasi sesuai dengan ketinggian dan garis </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lintang" title="Lintang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">lintang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Ekosistem sungai dihuni oleh hewan seperti ikan kucing, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gurame&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Gurame (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">gurame</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kura-kura" title="Kura-kura"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kura-kura</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, ular, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buaya" title="Buaya"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">buaya</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumba-lumba" title="Lumba-lumba"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">lumba-lumba</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l34 level1 lfo22; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekosistem_terumbu_karang" title="Ekosistem terumbu karang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem terumbu karang</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem ini terdiri dari coral yang berada dekat pantai. Efisiensi ekosistem ini sangat tinggi. Hewan-hewan yang hidup di karang memakan organisme mikroskopis dan sisa organik lain. Berbagai invertebrata, mikro organisme, dan ikan, hidup di antara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karang" title="Karang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">karang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan ganggang. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbivora" title="Herbivora"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Herbivora</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> seperti siput, landak laut, ikan, menjadi mangsa bagi </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurita" title="Gurita"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">gurita</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bintang_laut" title="Bintang laut"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bintang laut</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan ikan karnivora. Kehadiran terumbu karang di dekat pantai membuat pantai memiliki pasir putih. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l26 level1 lfo23; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_laut_dalam&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem laut dalam (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem laut dalam</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Kedalamannya lebih dari 6.000 m. Biasanya terdapat lele laut dan ikan laut yang dapat mengeluarkan cahaya. Sebagai produsen terdapat bakteri yang bersimbiosis dengan karang tertentu. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l17 level1 lfo24; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ekosistem_lamun&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Ekosistem lamun (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem lamun</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Lamun atau <i>seagrass</i> adalah satu‑satunya kelompok tumbuh-tumbuhan berbunga yang hidup di lingkungan laut. Tumbuh‑tumbuhan ini hidup di habitat perairan pantai yang dangkal. Seperti halnya rumput di darat, mereka mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunas" title="Tunas"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tunas</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> berdaun yang tegak dan tangkai‑tangkai yang merayap yang efektif untuk berbiak. Berbeda dengan tumbuh‑tumbuhan laut lainnya (alga dan rumput laut), lamun berbunga, berbuah dan menghasilkan biji. Mereka juga mempunyai akar dan sistem internal untuk mengangkut gas dan zat‑zat hara. Sebagai sumber daya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayati" title="Hayati"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hayati</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, lamun banyak dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai keperluan. </span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="editsection"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></h3><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Terestrial (darat)</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Daintree_Rainforest.JPG&filetimestamp=20070616115732"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="225" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image014.gif" width="198" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem hutan hujan tropis memiliki produktivitas tinggi.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Gasp%C3%A9_taiga.jpg&filetimestamp=20091217191418"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="150" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image016.gif" width="198" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem taiga merupakan hutan pinus dengan ciri iklim musim dingin yang panjang.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Greenland-sydkap_hg.jpg&filetimestamp=20071216202101"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="149" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image018.gif" width="198" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem tundra didominasi oleh vegetasi perdu.</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Penentuan zona dalam ekosistem terestrial ditentukan oleh temperatur dan curah hujan. Ekosistem terestrial dapat dikontrol oleh iklim dan gangguan. Iklim sangat penting untuk menentukan mengapa suatu ekosistem terestrial berada pada suatu tempat tertentu. Pola ekosistem dapat berubah akibat gangguan seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petir" title="Petir"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">petir</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, kebakaran, atau aktivitas manusia. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l31 level1 lfo25; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan_hujan_tropis" title="Hutan hujan tropis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hutan hujan tropis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hutan hujan tropis terdapat di daerah tropik dan subtropik. Ciri-cirinya adalah curah hujan 200-225 cm per tahun. Spesies pepohonan relatif banyak, jenisnya berbeda antara satu dengan yang lainnya tergantung </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Letak_geografis&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Letak geografis (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">letak geografisnya</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Tinggi pohon utama antara 20-40 m, cabang-cabang pohon tinggi dan berdaun lebat hingga membentuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tudung&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tudung (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tudung</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kanopi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Kanopi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kanopi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">). Dalam hutan basah terjadi perubahan iklim mikro, yaitu iklim yang langsung terdapat di sekitar organisme. Daerah tudung cukup mendapat sinar matahari, variasi suhu dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelembapan" title="Kelembapan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kelembapan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> tinggi, suhu sepanjang hari sekitar 25 °C. Dalam hutan hujan tropis sering terdapat tumbuhan khas, yaitu liana (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotan" title="Rotan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">rotan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">) dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anggrek" title="Anggrek"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">anggrek</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epifit" title="Epifit"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">epifit</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Hewannya antara lain, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kera" title="Kera"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kera</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burung" title="Burung"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">burung</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badak" title="Badak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">badak</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babi_hutan" title="Babi hutan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">babi hutan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harimau" title="Harimau"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">harimau</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burung_hantu" title="Burung hantu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">burung hantu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l15 level1 lfo26; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabana" title="Sabana"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sabana</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sabana dari daerah tropik terdapat di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilayah" title="Wilayah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">wilayah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dengan curah hujan 40 – 60 inci per tahun, tetapi temepratur dan kelembaban masih tergantung musim. Sabana yang terluas di dunia terdapat di Afrika; namun di Australia juga terdapat sabana yang luas. Hewan yang hidup di sabana antara lain </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serangga" title="Serangga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">serangga</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">mamalia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebra" title="Zebra"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">zebra</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singa" title="Singa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">singa</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyena" title="Hyena"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hyena</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l21 level1 lfo27; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padang_rumput" title="Padang rumput"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Padang rumput</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Padang rumput terdapat di daerah yang terbentang dari daerah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tropik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Tropik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tropik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> ke </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subtropik&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Subtropik (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">subtropik</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Ciri-ciri padang rumput adalah curah hujan kurang lebih 25-30 cm per tahun, hujan turun tidak teratur, porositas (peresapan air) tinggi, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainase" title="Drainase"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">drainase</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> (aliran air) cepat. Tumbuhan yang ada terdiri atas tumbuhan terna (herbs) dan rumput yang keduanya tergantung pada kelembapan. Hewannya antara lain: bison, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebra" title="Zebra"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">zebra</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singa" title="Singa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">singa</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, anjing liar, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serigala" title="Serigala"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">serigala</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajah" title="Gajah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">gajah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerapah" title="Jerapah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jerapah</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, kangguru, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serangga" title="Serangga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">serangga</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikus" title="Tikus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">tikus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ular" title="Ular"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ular</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo28; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurun" title="Gurun"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gurun</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gurun terdapat di daerah tropik yang berbatasan dengan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padang_rumput" title="Padang rumput"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">padang rumput</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Ciri-ciri ekosistem gurun adalah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gersang" title="Gersang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">gersang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curah_hujan" title="Curah hujan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">curah hujan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> rendah (25 cm/tahun). Perbedaan suhu antara </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siang" title="Siang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">siang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malam" title="Malam"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">malam</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> sangat besar. Tumbuhan semusim yang terdapat di gurun berukuran kecil. Selain itu, di gurun dijumpai pula tumbuhan menahun berdaun seperti duri contohnya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaktus" title="Kaktus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kaktus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, atau tak berdaun dan memiliki </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akar" title="Akar"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">akar</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> panjang serta mempunyai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan" title="Jaringan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">jaringan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> untuk menyimpan air. Hewan yang hidup di gurun antara lain rodentia, semut, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ular" title="Ular"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">ular</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadal" title="Kadal"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kadal</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katak" title="Katak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">katak</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalajengking" title="Kalajengking"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kalajengking</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan beberapa hewan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokturnal" title="Nokturnal"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">nokturnal</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> lain. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l30 level1 lfo29; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan_gugur" title="Hutan gugur"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hutan gugur</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">.</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Hutan gugur terdapat di daerah beriklim sedang yang memiliki emapt musim, ciri-cirinya adalah curah hujan merata sepanjang tahun. Jenis pohon sedikit (10 s/d 20) dan tidak terlalu rapat. Hewan yang terdapat di hutam gugur antara lain rusa, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beruang" title="Beruang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">beruang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, rubah, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajing" title="Bajing"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">bajing</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burung_pelatuk" title="Burung pelatuk"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">burung pelatuk</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan rakun (sebangsa luwak). </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo30; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiga" title="Taiga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Taiga</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Taiga terdapat di belahan bumi sebelah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utara" title="Utara"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">utara</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan di pegunungan daerah tropik, ciri-cirinya adalah suhu di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musim_dingin" title="Musim dingin"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">musim dingin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> rendah. Biasanya taiga merupakan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan" title="Hutan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">hutan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang tersusun atas satu </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spesies" title="Spesies"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">spesies</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konifer" title="Konifer"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">konifer</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinus" title="Pinus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">pinus</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan sejenisnya. </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semak" title="Semak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Semak</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan tumbuhan basah sedikit sekali, sedangkan hewannya antara lain moose, </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beruang" title="Beruang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">beruang</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> hitam, ajag, dan burung-burung yang bermigrasi ke </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selatan" title="Selatan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">selatan</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> pada </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musim_gugur" title="Musim gugur"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">musim gugur</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo31; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tundra</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Tundra terdapat di belahan bumi sebelah utara di dalam lingkaran </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutub_utara" title="Kutub utara"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">kutub utara</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan terdapat di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puncak" title="Puncak"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">puncak</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">-puncak gunung tinggi. Pertumbuhan tanaman di daerah ini hanya 60 hari. Contoh tumbuhan yang dominan adalah sphagnum, liken, tumbuhan biji semusim, tumbuhan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdu" title="Perdu"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">perdu</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumput" title="Rumput"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">rumput</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> alang-alang. Pada umumnya, tumbuhannya mampu beradaptasi dengan keadaan yang </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dingin&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Dingin (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">dingin</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. </span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l32 level1 lfo32; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Karst (</span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batu_gamping&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Batu gamping (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">batu gamping</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> /gua).</span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Karst berawal dari nama kawasan batu gamping di wilayah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Yugoslavia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">. Kawasan karst di </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">Indonesia</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> rata-rata mempunyai ciri-ciri yang hampir sama yaitu, tanahnya kurang subur untuk </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertanian" title="Pertanian"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">pertanian</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, sensitif terhadap </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosi" title="Erosi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">erosi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">, mudah longsor, bersifat rentan dengan pori-pori </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aerasi&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Aerasi (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">aerasi</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang rendah, gaya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Permeabilitas&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Permeabilitas (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-fareast;">permeabilitas</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> yang lamban dan didominasi oleh pori-pori mikro. Ekosistem karst mengalami keunikan tersendiri, dengan keragaman aspek biotis yang tidak dijumpai di ekosistem lain. </span></div><h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span class="mw-headline"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Buatan</span></span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></h3><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Bali_riziere.jpg&filetimestamp=20081026101601"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-ignore: vglayout;"><img border="0" height="149" src="file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/ACOY_G%7E1/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image020.gif" width="228" /></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Sawah merupakan salah satu contoh ekosistem buatan</span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem buatan adalah ekosistem yang diciptakan manusia untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya. Ekosistem buatan mendapatkan subsidi energi dari luar, tanaman atau hewan peliharaan didominasi pengaruh manusia, dan memiliki keanekaragaman rendah. Contoh ekosistem buatan adalah:</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendungan" title="Bendungan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">bendungan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">hutan tanaman </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Produksi" title="Produksi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">produksi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jati" title="Jati"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">jati</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinus" title="Pinus"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">pinus</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agroekosistem&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Agroekosistem (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">agroekosistem</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> berupa sawah tadah hujan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawah" title="Sawah"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">sawah</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> irigasi</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">perkebunan sawit</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ekosistem pemukiman seperti </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota" title="Kota"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">kota</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desa" title="Desa"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">desa</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo33; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ekosistem ruang angkasa. </span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem kota memiliki metabolisme tinggi sehingga butuh energi yang banyak. Kebutuhan materi juga tinggi dan tergantung dari luar, serta memiliki pengeluaran yang eksesif seperti polusi dan panas. </span></div><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ekosistem ruang angkasa bukan merupakan suatu sistem tertutup yang dapat memenuhi sendiri kebutuhannya tanpa tergantung input dari luar. Semua ekosistem dan kehidupan selalu bergantung pada bumi. </span></div><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h1><h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Bioma</span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> adalah sekelompok </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hewan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">tumbuhan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang tinggal di suatu lokasi geografis tertentu. Bioma terbagi menjadi beberapa jenis, ditentukan oleh curah </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hujan" title="Hujan"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hujan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> dan intensitas </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahaya" title="Cahaya"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">cahaya</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matahari" title="Matahari"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">mataharinya</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berikut ini adalah pembagian bioma:</span></div><ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra" title="Tundra"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">tundra</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiga" title="Taiga"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">taiga</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">/hutan konifer</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padang_gurun" title="Padang gurun"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">padang gurun</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padang_rumput" title="Padang rumput"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">padang rumput</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan_gugur" title="Hutan gugur"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hutan gugur</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">, dan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l24 level1 lfo34; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bioma </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutan_hujan_tropis" title="Hutan hujan tropis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hutan hujan tropis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ul><div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BELAJARLAH</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> YANG </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">RAJIN</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> UNTUK </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">MENGGAPAI</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> CITA-CITAMU. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SMART</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> EDUCATION </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SELALU</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> MENDUKUNG </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">PRESTASI</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> ANAK </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #0070c0; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;">BANGSA.</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Apabila ada tambahan, saran dan kritik, tolong tambahkan pada kolom komentar di bawah ini. Terima Kasih.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><br />
</div>Les privathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00989767684801832891noreply@blogger.com0Indonesia-0.789275 113.92132700000002-9.451925 90.767627000000019 7.8733749999999993 137.07502700000003tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5255298841592842633.post-40196230581803118342011-08-04T02:41:00.003-07:002012-08-22T19:52:35.848-07:00PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMART</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">EDUCATION</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KHUSUS MENGAJAR LES PRIVAT TINGKATAN </span></u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SD </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMP </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN (KHUSUS) :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 22.5pt; width: 499px;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 1.5in; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="height: 1.5in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.95in;" valign="top" width="187"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">IPA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">IPS</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">AKUNTANSI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATEMATIKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BIOLOGI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KIMIA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">FISIKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">EKONOMI </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> <td style="height: 1.5in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.25in;" valign="top" width="312"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">GEOGRAFI </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SEJARAH</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">11.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SOSIOLOGI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">12.BAHASA INDONESIA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">13.BAHASA INGGRIS </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">14.BAHASA JEPANG </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">15.BAHASA JERMAN</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">16.BAHASA JAWA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">17. KOMPUTER </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody> </table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NON EDUCATION :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MUSIK → GITAR, DRUM, PIANO, ORGEN, KEYBOARD DLL</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SENI → SENI RUPA, SENI TARI, DRAMA DLL</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CATUR</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">UNTUK INFORMASI DAN PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">HUBUNGI </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">089676659020</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TENAGA PENGAJAR DI AMBIL DARI MAHASISWA TERPILIH DAN TERBAIK DARI PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI SURABAYA. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BIAYA :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : 5000</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN IPA MENCAKUP MATEMATIKA, BIOLOGI, KIMIA, FISIKA :</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN IPS MENCAKUP AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI, GEOGRAFI, SOSIOLOGI, SEJARAH : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MENCAKUP BAHASA INGGRIS, BAHASA INDONESIA, BAHASA JERMAN, BAHASA JEPANG, BAHASA JAWA : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SD (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN<b>)</b></span><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMP (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : <span style="color: blue;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMA (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : 60.000</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: blue;">/ PERTEMUAN / TATAP<b> </b>MUKA</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MUSIK : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SENI : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CATUR : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">35.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NB : Biaya sewaktu-waktu bisa naik atau turun setelah di negosiasikan tergantung lokasi rumah siswa. MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA – SIDOARJO</span></div>Les privathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00989767684801832891noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5255298841592842633.post-76329106458773818772011-08-04T02:41:00.001-07:002011-08-04T02:41:29.446-07:00PRIVAT SMA SIDOARJO<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMART</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">EDUCATION</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KHUSUS MENGAJAR LES PRIVAT TINGKATAN </span></u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SD </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMP </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN (KHUSUS) :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 22.5pt; width: 499px;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 1.5in; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="height: 1.5in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.95in;" valign="top" width="187"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">IPA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">IPS</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">AKUNTANSI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATEMATIKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BIOLOGI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KIMIA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">FISIKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">EKONOMI </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> <td style="height: 1.5in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.25in;" valign="top" width="312"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">GEOGRAFI </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SEJARAH</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">11.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SOSIOLOGI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">12.BAHASA INDONESIA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">13.BAHASA INGGRIS </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">14.BAHASA JEPANG </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">15.BAHASA JERMAN</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">16.BAHASA JAWA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">17. KOMPUTER </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody> </table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NON EDUCATION :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MUSIK → GITAR, DRUM, PIANO, ORGEN, KEYBOARD DLL</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SENI → SENI RUPA, SENI TARI, DRAMA DLL</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CATUR</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">UNTUK INFORMASI DAN PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">HUBUNGI </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">089676659020</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TENAGA PENGAJAR DI AMBIL DARI MAHASISWA TERPILIH DAN TERBAIK DARI PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI SURABAYA. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BIAYA :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : 5000</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
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</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN IPA MENCAKUP MATEMATIKA, BIOLOGI, KIMIA, FISIKA :</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN IPS MENCAKUP AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI, GEOGRAFI, SOSIOLOGI, SEJARAH : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MENCAKUP BAHASA INGGRIS, BAHASA INDONESIA, BAHASA JERMAN, BAHASA JEPANG, BAHASA JAWA : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SD (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN<b>)</b></span><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMP (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : <span style="color: blue;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMA (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : 60.000</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: blue;">/ PERTEMUAN / TATAP<b> </b>MUKA</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MUSIK : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SENI : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CATUR : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">35.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NB : Biaya sewaktu-waktu bisa naik atau turun setelah di negosiasikan tergantung lokasi rumah siswa. MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA – SIDOARJO</span></div>Les privathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00989767684801832891noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5255298841592842633.post-21866567132410656502011-08-04T02:21:00.001-07:002011-08-04T02:21:36.180-07:00PRIVAT SMA KOTA SIDOARJO<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMART</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">EDUCATION</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KHUSUS MENGAJAR LES PRIVAT TINGKATAN </span></u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SD </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMP </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN (KHUSUS) :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 22.5pt; width: 499px;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 1.5in; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="height: 1.5in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.95in;" valign="top" width="187"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">IPA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">IPS</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">AKUNTANSI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATEMATIKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BIOLOGI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KIMIA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">FISIKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">EKONOMI </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> <td style="height: 1.5in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.25in;" valign="top" width="312"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">GEOGRAFI </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SEJARAH</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">11.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SOSIOLOGI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">12.BAHASA INDONESIA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">13.BAHASA INGGRIS </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">14.BAHASA JEPANG </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">15.BAHASA JERMAN</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">16.BAHASA JAWA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">17. KOMPUTER </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody> </table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NON EDUCATION :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MUSIK → GITAR, DRUM, PIANO, ORGEN, KEYBOARD DLL</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SENI → SENI RUPA, SENI TARI, DRAMA DLL</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CATUR</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">UNTUK INFORMASI DAN PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">HUBUNGI </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">089676659020</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TENAGA PENGAJAR DI AMBIL DARI MAHASISWA TERPILIH DAN TERBAIK DARI PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI SURABAYA. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BIAYA :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : 5000</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN IPA MENCAKUP MATEMATIKA, BIOLOGI, KIMIA, FISIKA :</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN IPS MENCAKUP AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI, GEOGRAFI, SOSIOLOGI, SEJARAH : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MENCAKUP BAHASA INGGRIS, BAHASA INDONESIA, BAHASA JERMAN, BAHASA JEPANG, BAHASA JAWA : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SD (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN<b>)</b></span><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMP (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : <span style="color: blue;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMA (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : 60.000</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: blue;">/ PERTEMUAN / TATAP<b> </b>MUKA</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MUSIK : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SENI : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CATUR : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">35.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NB : Biaya sewaktu-waktu bisa naik atau turun setelah di negosiasikan tergantung lokasi rumah siswa. MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA – SIDOARJO</span></div>Les privathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00989767684801832891noreply@blogger.com0Sidoarjo, Indonesia-7.459679 112.741987-7.495428 112.6647565 -7.42393 112.8192175tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5255298841592842633.post-60671372120116063912011-08-04T02:14:00.000-07:002011-08-04T02:14:41.702-07:00PRIVAT SMA DAERAH SIDOARJO<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMART</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">EDUCATION</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KHUSUS MENGAJAR LES PRIVAT TINGKATAN </span></u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SD </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMP </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN (KHUSUS) :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 22.5pt; width: 499px;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 1.5in; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="height: 1.5in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.95in;" valign="top" width="187"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">IPA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">IPS</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">AKUNTANSI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATEMATIKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BIOLOGI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KIMIA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">FISIKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">EKONOMI </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> <td style="height: 1.5in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.25in;" valign="top" width="312"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">GEOGRAFI </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SEJARAH</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">11.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SOSIOLOGI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">12.BAHASA INDONESIA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">13.BAHASA INGGRIS </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">14.BAHASA JEPANG </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">15.BAHASA JERMAN</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">16.BAHASA JAWA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">17. KOMPUTER </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody> </table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NON EDUCATION :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MUSIK → GITAR, DRUM, PIANO, ORGEN, KEYBOARD DLL</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SENI → SENI RUPA, SENI TARI, DRAMA DLL</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CATUR</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">UNTUK INFORMASI DAN PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">HUBUNGI </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">089676659020</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TENAGA PENGAJAR DI AMBIL DARI MAHASISWA TERPILIH DAN TERBAIK DARI PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI SURABAYA. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BIAYA :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : 5000</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN IPA MENCAKUP MATEMATIKA, BIOLOGI, KIMIA, FISIKA :</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN IPS MENCAKUP AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI, GEOGRAFI, SOSIOLOGI, SEJARAH : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MENCAKUP BAHASA INGGRIS, BAHASA INDONESIA, BAHASA JERMAN, BAHASA JEPANG, BAHASA JAWA : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SD (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN<b>)</b></span><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMP (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : <span style="color: blue;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMA (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : 60.000</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: blue;">/ PERTEMUAN / TATAP<b> </b>MUKA</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MUSIK : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SENI : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CATUR : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">35.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NB : Biaya sewaktu-waktu bisa naik atau turun setelah di negosiasikan tergantung lokasi rumah siswa. MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA – SIDOARJO</span></div>Les privathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00989767684801832891noreply@blogger.com0Sidoarjo, Indonesia-7.459679 112.741987-7.495428 112.6647565 -7.42393 112.8192175tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5255298841592842633.post-77840398168051822302011-08-04T02:02:00.001-07:002011-08-04T02:02:45.425-07:00PRIVAT SMA DI SIDOARJO<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: .5in;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMART</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Cooper Black","serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">EDUCATION</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KHUSUS MENGAJAR LES PRIVAT TINGKATAN </span></u><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SD </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMP </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN (KHUSUS) :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 22.5pt; width: 499px;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 1.5in; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"> <td style="height: 1.5in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.95in;" valign="top" width="187"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">IPA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">IPS</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">AKUNTANSI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATEMATIKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BIOLOGI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">KIMIA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">7.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">FISIKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">8.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">EKONOMI </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> <td style="height: 1.5in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.25in;" valign="top" width="312"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">9.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">GEOGRAFI </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SEJARAH</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">11.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SOSIOLOGI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">12.BAHASA INDONESIA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">13.BAHASA INGGRIS </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">14.BAHASA JEPANG </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">15.BAHASA JERMAN</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">16.BAHASA JAWA </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">17. KOMPUTER </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody> </table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NON EDUCATION :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MUSIK → GITAR, DRUM, PIANO, ORGEN, KEYBOARD DLL</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SENI → SENI RUPA, SENI TARI, DRAMA DLL</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CATUR</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">UNTUK INFORMASI DAN PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">HUBUNGI </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">089676659020</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
<br />
</span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">TENAGA PENGAJAR DI AMBIL DARI MAHASISWA TERPILIH DAN TERBAIK DARI PERGURUAN TINGGI NEGERI DI SURABAYA. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
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</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">BIAYA :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">PENDAFTARAN</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : 5000</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
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</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN IPA MENCAKUP MATEMATIKA, BIOLOGI, KIMIA, FISIKA :</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN IPS MENCAKUP AKUNTANSI, EKONOMI, GEOGRAFI, SOSIOLOGI, SEJARAH : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATA PELAJARAN BAHASA MENCAKUP BAHASA INGGRIS, BAHASA INDONESIA, BAHASA JERMAN, BAHASA JEPANG, BAHASA JAWA : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SD (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN<b>)</b></span><b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">: </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMP (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : <span style="color: blue;">50.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SMA (SEMUA MATA PELAJARAN)</span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> : 60.000</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <span style="color: blue;">/ PERTEMUAN / TATAP<b> </b>MUKA</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MUSIK : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SENI : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
</span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CATUR : </span><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">35.000 / PERTEMUAN / TATAP MUKA</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: 4.5pt;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: purple; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">NB : Biaya sewaktu-waktu bisa naik atau turun setelah di negosiasikan tergantung lokasi rumah siswa. MELAYANI DAERAH SURABAYA – SIDOARJO</span></div>Les privathttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00989767684801832891noreply@blogger.com0Sidoarjo, Indonesia-7.459679 112.741987-7.495428 112.6647565 -7.42393 112.8192175